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lp¡d`¡S> > h^y kdpQpfp¡ >
dyhuV$pBd >
QQp®
10 S|>_, 2003
kycpj L¡$. Tp
1970 A_¡ 1980dp„ gÁ_Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs qaëdp¡_y„ dp¡Sy>„ Apìey„ lsy„. lL$uL$sdp„ sp¡ õhN®õ\ bpky cË$pQpe®A¡ `p¡sp_u ApMu L$pfqL$v$} s|V$u `X$sp gÁ_Æh__p AÝee_dp„ MQ} _pMu lsu. Adf-dp_ku _pd¡ b¡ `pÓp¡_¡ gC_¡ s¡dZ¡ b_ph¡gu ÓZ ârkÙ qaëdp¡ "A_ych' (k„ÆhLy$dpf, s_yÅ), "AprhóL$pf' (fpS>¡i MÞ_p, ird®gp V$pNp¡f) A_¡ "N©l âh¡i' (k„ÆhLy$dpf, ird®gp V$pNp¡f)A¡ gÁ_Æh__u dyíL¡$guAp¡_u Qp¡V$v$pf fS|>Aps L$fu lsu.
`p¡sp_p `rs_p dp¡V$p cpC (kyf¡i Ap¡b¡fp¡e) kp\¡ k„b„^p¡ ^fphsu A¡L$ghpeu AhNZpe¡gu ÷u (v$u[às _hg) `f_u s¡d_u qaëd "`„QhV$u' q`V$pC NC lsu. `f„sy s¡d_p gÁ_Æh__p `yfõL$sp® Adf A_¡ dp_ku_¡ v$ip®hsu cË$pQpe®_u R>¡ëgu qaëd "Apõ\p' (f¡Mp, Ap¡d `yfu) rlV$ NC lsu. Ap qaëddp„ f¡MpA¡ A¡L$ A¡hu Of¡gy `Ð_u_y„ `pÓ cS>ìey„ lsy„ S>¡ eyNg_u Apr\®L$ fus¡ _bmu `qf[õ\rs_¡ L$pfZ¡ h¡íep b_u Åe R>¡. cË$pQpe®A¡ b_ph¡gu qaëdp¡dp„ kp¥\u h^y kamsp "Apõ\p'_¡ dmu lsu, `f„sy Aakp¡k L¡$ s¡Ap¡ Ap kamsp_p¡ õhpv$ QpMhp dpV¡$ Æh„s _ füp.
1980dp„ gÁ_Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs qaëdp¡ `f ÅZ¡ ibp_p ApTdu_u S> dlp¡f gpNu NC lsu. dl¡i cË$_u "A\®' ([õdsp `pV$ug, Ly$gc|jZ Mfb„v$p), rh_p¡v$ `p„X$¡_u "e¡ _Tv$uqL$ep„' (dpL®$ Tyb¡f, `fhu_ bpbu), i¡Mf L$`|f_u "dpk|d' (_kfyØu_ ipl), v$kfu _pfpeZ fph_u "e¡ L¥kp BÞkpa' (rh_p¡v$ dl¡fp) A_¡ BõdpBg îp¡a_u "\p¡X$u ku b¡hapC' (fpS>¡i MÞ_p) S>¡hu qaëdp¡dp„ rhðpkOps, ìercQpf A_¡ R|>V$pR>¡X$p S>¡hp dyØpAp¡ QQ®hpdp„ Apìep lsp.
s¡ `l¡gp„ `Z gÁ_Æh__p âï_p¡_¡ gC_¡ qaëdp¡ b_phhpdp„ Aphu lsu. S>¡d L¡$ dl¡b|b Mp__u 1949dp„ b_¡gu "A„v$pT' (S>¡dp„ qv$gu` Ly$dpf¡ fpS> L$`|f A_¡ _fNuk_y„ gÁ_Æh_ sp¡X$u _pM_pf aqfepv$u_u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu), 1958_u _f¡ÞÖ kyfu_u "gpS>h„su' (S>¡dp„ bgfpS> klp_uA¡ A¡L$ A¡hp i„L$piug `rs_u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu S>¡ `p¡sp_u `Ð_u _fNuk_¡ Of_u blpf L$pY$u d|L¡$ R>¡), 1960_u ùjuL¡$i dyMÆ®_u "A_yfp^p' (S>¡dp„ gugp _peXy$A¡ `rs_p L$pd âÐe¡_p hmNZ\u L„$V$pm¡gu `Ð_u_u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu) A_¡ 1973_u "Arcdp_' (S>¡dp„ Ardspc bÃQ_¡ A¡L$ A¡hp Arcdp_u `rs_u c|rdL$p cS>hu lsu S>¡ A¡ kÃQpC õhuL$pfu iL$sp¡ _\u L¡$ s¡_u `Ð_u_u L$pfqL$v$} s¡_p L$fsp„ h^pf¡ kam R>¡) A_¡ 1974_u Ap¡d âL$pi_u "Ap` L$u L$kd' (S>¡dp„ fpS>¡i MÞ_p `p¡sp_u i„L$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ dydspT kp\¡_y„ `p¡sp_y„ gÁ_Æh_ _ô$ L$fu _pM¡ R>¡). bëL¡$ L¡$.A¡k. Ar^ed_¡ 2002dp„ "ld syçlpf¡ l¥ k_d' (iplfyM Mp_, dp^yfu v$urns, kgdp_ Mp_) _pd\u "Ap` L$u L$kd'_y„ _hr_dp®Z L$ey¯ lsy„.
Ðepf `R>u "qv$g rhg àepf ìepf' S>¡hu A¡L$gv$p¡L$g qaëdp¡ rkhpe gÁ_Æh__p¡ rhje Ac¡fpC `f dyL$pC Nep¡. Ap qaëddp„ `p¡sp_u `Ð_u (_d°sp qifp¡X$L$f) L$pfqL$v$}dp„ `p¡sp_p\u ApNm h^u Åe s¡ k„NusL$pf dp^h_\u Å¡hpsy„ _\u.
Ðepf bpv$ ipv$ AguA¡ rhh¡L$ Ap¡b¡fp¡e A_¡ fp_u dyMÆ®_p gÁ_Æh_dp„ Aphsp Dspf-QY$ph_¡ v$ip®hsu qaëd "kpr\ep' b_phu_¡ qaëd BÞX$õV²$u_¡ s¡_u 2002_u Apòe®S>_L$ rlV$ Ap`u lsu.
lpgdp„ S> qfguT \e¡gu "¿hprli'dp„ rldp„iy drgL$ A_¡ d[ëgL$p i¡fphs¡ gÁ_Æh__p kyM A_¡ vy$:M_u ip¡^dp„ _uL$m¡gp _h`qfZus eyNg_u c|rdL$p cS>hu R>¡. qaëdrhh¡QL$p¡A¡ cg¡ Ap qaëd_p„ R>p¡sfp„ L$pY$u _p¿ep„ lp¡e `Z qaëdr_dp®sp Np¡thv$ d¡___p¡ v$php¡ R>¡ L¡$ bp¡¼k Ap¡qak `f Ap qaëd iyL$q_epm _uhX$u R>¡. ""qaëd_p qfìey r_fpipS>_L$ lp¡hp R>sp„ A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ ÅZ¡ v$i®L$p¡_¡ qaëd Ndu R>¡. lz„ d|„TpC Nep¡ Ry>„. iy„ d¢ Mfpb qaëd b_phu R>¡?''
Mfpb L¡$ kpfu, `Z Äep„ ky^u bp¡guh|X$_p¡ khpg R>¡ Ðep„ ky^u gÁ_Æh__p¡ rhje afu A¡L$ hpf h¡QhpgpeL$ rhje b_u Nep¡ R>¡ Mfp¡. Ap iy¾$hpf¡ ATuT duTp®_u "Qgs¡ Qgs¡' qfguT \C flu R>¡. iplfyM Mp_ A_¡ fp_u dyMÆ®_u Ap qaëd _h`qfZus eyNg_p Æh_dp„ Aphsu kdp^p__u kdõepAp¡ `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. Mp__p¡ A¡hp¡ v$php¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap `l¡gu A¡hu qaëd R>¡ S>¡ hpõsrhL$ Æh_\u dp¡V$u _\u.
^d£i v$i®__u ApNpdu qaëd "b¡hap'dp„ Ar_g L$`|f A_¡ L$fu_p L$`|f kNhX$ Mpsf gÁ_Æh_dp„ Np¡W$hpe¡gp L$Å¡X$p_u c|rdL$p cS>hu füp„ R>¡. ""Ap `l¡gp„ `Z lz„ Aåbpk-dõsp__u "AS>_bu'dp„ `Ð_u b_u Q|L$u Ry>„ `f„sy "b¡hap' sØ_ Sy>v$u S> L$np_u qaëd R>¡. d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ lz„ dpfu Ås_¡ h^y kpfu fus¡ ÅZhp gpNu Ry>„,'' A¡d L$fu_p L$l¡ R>¡.
AÐepf¡ b^p_p d_dp„ dpÓ A¡L$ S> âï_ Op¡mpC füp¡ R>¡ : gÁ_Æh_ `f Ap^pqfs qaëdp¡ L¡$V$gy„ Qpgi¡?
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sdpfp dpV¡$
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