d_ujp Å¡ju
L$p[Þs cË$, NyS>fpsu `ÓL$pfÐh_u A¡L$ Æh„s `pW$ipmp R>¡. gMu gMu_¡ L$pep Oku _pM_pf Ap `ÓL$pf_u fNfNdp„ gp¡lu_¡ bv$g¡ iplu v$p¡X$su lp¡e s¡d gpN¡. A„Ns Æh_dp„ A¡L$p„srâe R>¡. Å¡L¡$ hpsp¡ L$fhpdp„ A¡V$gp kfm R>¡ L¡$ s¡d_u kp\¡ hps_p¡ v$p¡f L$p¡C A¡L$ sp„sZ¡ bp„Ýep rh_p r_fp„s¡ hpsp¡ \C iL¡$. A¡d_p O¡f lz„ `lp¢Qu Ðepf¡ A¡ L„$CL$ gMhpdp„ ìeõs lsp A¡V$g¡ `l¡gp¡ S> khpg L$ep£.
L$p[ÞscpC, iy„ gMp¡ R>p¡?
L$p[Þs cË$ : bk, X$p¡iu _hfu `X¡$ A¡V$g¡ v$mhp b¡ku Åe A¡d dpf¡ gMhp d„X$u S>hy„ `X¡$. eyfp¡`dp„ ¾|$X$ s¡g_u s„Nu lp¡e L¡$ `¡gp¡ hufà`_, fpS>Ly$dpf_¡ R>p¡X$sp¡ _ lp¡e, bk, L$gd Qpgsu fl¡ R>¡.
\pL$ _\u gpNsp¡?
\pL$ sp¡ OZp¡ gpN¡ R>¡. qv$hkdp„ 16 L$gpL$ gMsp¡ flz„ Ry>„. Å¡L¡$ g¿ep `R>u spS>Nu `Z A_ychpe R>¡. R>sp„ A¡L„$v$f¡ R>¡ëgp„ 28 hj®\u \pL$u Ne¡gp¡ lp¡J s¡d gpN¡ R>¡. 30 hj® `l¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ dp_rkL$ L$pfZp¡kf S|>_p dfX$p_p¡ fp¡N gpNy `X$ép¡ s¡_u `Z Akf hfspe R>¡.
A¡L$ `ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ sd¡ sdpfu Ås_¡ L¡$hu fus¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡?
lz„ dpfu Ås_¡ `ufkrZep¡ dp_y„ Ry>„, A\hp sp¡ `p¡õV$d¡_. lz„ dpfu Ås_¡ A¡ÞV$fV¡$B_f sfuL¡$ Å¡J Ry>„. lz„ _ufksp kl_ _ L$fu iLy„$ A_¡ dpfu kp\¡ L¡$ dpfp gMpZ\u L$p¡C bp¡f _ \pe A¡_y„ `Z Mpk Ýep_ fpMy„. lz„ qaëd Å¡sp„ A^hÃQ¡\u Qpëep¡ S>hp dpV¡$ ÅZusp¡ Ry>„. "L$cu L$cu' qaëddp„ lz„ AX$^¡\u EW$u Nep¡ lsp¡. cpcp A¡V$rdL$ qfkQ® k¡ÞV$fdp„ B[Þv$fp Np„^u_p cpjZ_p¡ qf`p¡V®$ g¡hp lz„ Nep¡ lsp¡ Ðep„\u `Z A^hÃQ¡\u EW$u Nep¡ lsp¡.
S>Þd spfuM A_¡ S>Þd õ\m :
S>Þd spfuM R>¡ 15 Sy>gpC, 1931. dpfy„ d|m hs_ Tp„Td¡f. `Z S>Þd cph_Nf\u 30 dpCg v|$f dp¡kpm_p Npd¡ k\fpdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡.
`ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ sd¡ `p¡s¡, `p¡sp_¡ L¡$V$gp kam dp_p¡ R>p¡?
`ÓL$pfÐhdp„ 33 hj® `R>u ApS>¡ `Z lz„ lÆ Akgpdsudp„ Æhy„ Ry>„. NyS>fpsu AMbpfp¡_p dprgL$p¡ A_¡ s„ÓuAp¡_u v$ep `f Æhy„ Ry>„. fp¡S> khpf¡ dpfp¡ g¡M R>`pep¡ R>¡ L¡$ _l] s¡ lz„ `l¡gp Å¡J Ry>„. L$iy„ S> r_ròs _\u A¡ hps lh¡ d¢ `Qphu g¡sp„ iuMu gu^y„ R>¡. dpfy„ `p¡sp_y„ d¡N¡rT_ lp¡e, s¡dp„ `ÓL$pfÐh_p„ kpQp„ d|ëep¡ A_¡ kpfy„ kprlÐe lp¡e A¡ õhà_ d_¡ l„d¡ip„ füy„ R>¡. "Arcep_' iê$ L$ey¯, `Z A¡_p\u `Z AgN \C S>hpey„. Å¡L¡$ hpQL$p¡_p¡ â¡d dpfp dpV¡$ kp¥\u dp¡V$u d|X$u R>¡.
hpQL$p¡ kp\¡_p¡ sdpfp¡ k„b„^ L¡$hp¡ R>¡?
d_¡ buÅ `ÓL$pfp¡_u S>¡d _L$pdp rhhpv$ Ecp L$fhp L$fsp„ dpÓ hpQL$p¡_¡ hapv$pf fl¡hp_y„ Nd¡ R>¡. rhhpv$ dpfp õhcphdp„ S> _\u. ApS>¡ NyS>fps kdpQpf, rQÓg¡Mp, kdL$pgu_ A_¡ rdX$-X¡$dp„ lz„ gMy„ R>¡. s¡ b^p„_u dmu_¡ 91 gpM S>¡V$gu fuX$fri` \hp Åe R>¡. s¡_p¡ AX$^p¡ Ap„L$ `L$X$p¡ sp¡ `Z 45 gpM hpQL$p¡ d_¡ hp„Q¡ R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN¡ lz„ ¼epf¡e L„$C kdÅhhp_p¡ âeÐ_ _\u L$fsp¡, d_¡ dpÓ dprlsu d|L$u v¡$hp_y„ Nd¡ R>¡.
sd_¡ _hp„ _hp„ D`_pdp¡_p¡ blz ip¡M R>¡ _¡?
lp, d¢ 24 S>¡V$gp„ D`_pdp¡\u g¿ey„ R>¡. dprlsuâv$ g¡Mp¡ "`p¥gp¡du'_p _pd¡, k¡¼k_¡ gNsp g¡Mp¡ "iiu^f kfp¡S>'_p _pd¡, rbT_¡kdp„ "_ug¡i L„$`pZu', BÞh¡[õV$N¡qV$h g¡Mp¡dp„ "â¡d cpqV$ep', d¡qX$L$g_p g¡Mp¡dp„ "X$p¡. íepd h¡v$', fd|Æ g¡Mp¡dp„ "bQydpdp', Ap D`fp„s d¡lzg cV$_pNf, rkÙp\® ipl, Q„ÖNyàs dp¥e®, de|fu ipl hN¡f¡ OZp„ _pd¡ g¿ey„ R>¡.
ApS>_y„ `ÓL$pfÐh L¡$hy„ gpN¡ R>¡?
ApS>¡ BÞV$fìey S>_®rgTd h^y Qpg¡ R>¡, `Z lz„ s¡_¡ b¡bu S>_®rgTd dp_y„ Ry>„. k„ip¡^_pÐdL$ `ÓL$pfÐh lh¡ blz Ap¡Ry>„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. lz„ Äepf¡ _hp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ L$p¡L$pL$p¡gp_p¡ g¡M gMhp_p¡ lsp¡ sp¡ a¡¼V$fudp„ S>C_¡ L$pdv$pfp¡_p BÞV$fìey g¡sp¡. Ad¡qfL$pdp„ kp¡ãV$ qX²$ÞL$_u iê$Aps rhi¡ `Z hp„Qu S>sp¡. Mf¡Mf `fk¡hp¡ `pX$u_¡ g¡M gMsp¡ A_¡ rQÓg¡Mpdp„ lfqL$k_cpC g¡M_p 25 ê$r`ep Ap`sp lsp. ApS>¡ `Z dpfu gMhp_u fus A¡ S> R>¡ L¡$ `l¡gp `|fy„ hp„Qu g¡hy„. rkX$_u Ap¡rg[ç`L$ rhi¡ gMy„ sp¡, rkX$_u_u hkrs, Ðep„_u Apr\®L$ `qf[õ\rs hN¡f¡ ÅÎep rkhpe lz„ g¡M iê$ S> _ L$fu iLy„$.
L$pfqL$v$}_p epv$Npf A_ychp¡ L$ep?
L$V$p¡L$V$u hMs¡ B[Þv$fp Np„^u dy„bC Apìep„ lsp„ A_¡ fpS>ch_dp„ Esep¯ lsp„ Ðepf¡ OZp `ÓL$pfp¡ r_fpi \C_¡ `pR>p aep® lsp, `Z lz„ s¡d_p¡ BÞV$fìey g¡hpdp„ kam \ep¡ lsp¡. A¡ g¡M hMZpep¡ lsp¡. Ardspc bÃQ__¡ b°uQ L¡$ÞX$u lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ v$pMg L$fpep¡ lsp¡ A¡ hMs¡ `Z lz„ NyS>fpsu X$p¡¼V$fp¡_u Ap¡mMpZ L$pY$u_¡ kpQu dprlsu gC Apìep¡ lsp¡. "V$pBçk Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep'dp„ dpfp A_¡ S>Þdc|rd_p Dëg¡M kp\¡ A¡ g¡M R>`pep¡ lsp¡. rQÓg¡Mpdp„ L$p¡L$pL$p¡gp_¡ gNsu dprlsu ^fphsp g¡M dpV¡$ lz„ 55 ê$r`ep V¡$¼ku_p MQ} Aphsp¡ A_¡ dl¡_spÏ„ 25 ê$r`ep dmsy„ A¡hp âk„Np¡ `Z epv$ flu Nep R>¡. d¢ hpsp® gMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ Ðepf¡ 15 ê$r`ep `yfõL$pf dmsp¡ lsp¡. dpfu hpsp®Ap¡_p b¡ k„N°l âL$pris \ep R>¡, `Z lz„ hpsp®L$pf L$fsp„ `ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ S> ÅZusp¡ Ry>„. d¢ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ D`_pdp¡\u g¿ey„ s¡_¡ gu^¡ L$v$pQ dpfu AgN Ap¡mM Ecu _ \C iL$u.
sdpfp fk_p rhjep¡ L$ep?
d_¡ Apfp¡Áe_¡ gNsp g¡Mp¡ gMhp_y„ kp¥\u h^pf¡ Nd¡. L$pfZ L¡$ lz„ `p¡s¡ õhpõÕe k„b„^¡ Aplpf_p Qp¡½$k r_edp¡ `pmhpdp„ dp_y„ Ry>„. A¡ rkhpe d_¡ fpS>L$pfZ rhi¡ gMhy„ Nd¡. 1942dp„ kcp-kfOkdp„ cpN gC gpW$uAp¡ Mp^¡gu R>¡. S|>_pNY$_p _hpb `pk¡\u ApTpv$u d¡mhhp Qmhm L$f¡gu. fpBag V²¡$t_N `Z gu^u lsu, A¡V$g¡ v¡$iv$pT OZu. ApS>¡ `Z lz„ fpô²$Nus S>_NZd_ kp„cmy„ sp¡ dpfp„ fy„hpX$p„ Ecp„ \C Åe. Ap„Mp¡ `Z cu_u \C Åe. d_¡ `ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ _p¡L$fuAp¡ L$fhpdp„ dÅ _ Aphu A¡V$g¡ 1977\u f¡afÞk gpBb°¡fu b_phu A_¡ äu gpÞk gMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯. A¡ hMs¡ b¡ S> AMbpfdp„ gMsp¡ A¡V$g¡ dyíL¡$gu OZu `X$u. s„Óu g¡M_¡ d„S|>f L$f¡ s¡ dpV¡$ QV$pL¡$v$pf g¡Mp¡ `Z gMhp `X¡$. 1986dp„ dpfu `Ð_u A_¡ "Arcep_'_u s„Óu iugp_p ApN°l\u d¢ "Q¡s_p_u nZ¡' gMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ Ðepf\u ApÝep[ÐdL$ gMpZ sfa rhi¡j fyrQ `¡v$p \C R>¡. lz„ Akgpdsu A_ychsp¡ lp¡J Ðepf¡ L¡$ ìer\s lp¡J Ðepf¡ h^pf¡ kpfy„ gMu iLy„$ Ry>„.
sd¡ k¡¼k_¡ gNsp g¡Mp¡ h^pf¡ gMp¡ R>p¡ A¡hy„ `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡_¡?
lz„ k¡¼k rhi¡ h^pf¡ _\u gMsp¡, `Z fp¡S> gMy„ Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ A¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡, A_¡ hpQL$p¡_¡ A¡ Nd¡ `Z R>¡. OZu `fZ¡gu ÷uAp¡_p ap¡_ Aph¡ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ Aphy„ gMhp bpbs L$p¡C R|>`p¡ Ap_„v$ L¡$ As©[às _\u. 1970-'80_p v$peL$pdp„ rQÓg¡Mpdp„ gMsp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ k¡¼k A¡ hZM¡X$pe¡gp¡ rhje lsp¡. Ðepf¡, 25 hj® `l¡gp„, kp¥â\d âL$pi L$p¡W$pfu_p¡ BÞV$fìey gu^p¡ lsp¡. Ly$gv$u` _pef dpÓ fpS>L$pfZ `f gM¡ sp¡, A¡ L$p¡C N°„r\\u `uX$pe R>¡ A¡d sp¡ _ S> L$l¡hpe_¡?
÷u-`yfyj k„b„^ rhi¡ sd¡ iy„ dp_p¡ R>p¡?
b^p gyÃQp R>¡. ÷u-`yfyj_p k„b„^ rhi¡ dpfp d_dp„ L$p¡C c°p„rs _\u. dpZk dpÓ A¡L$buÅ_¡ v$Np¡ Ap`¡ R>¡, A¡L$buÅ_¡ ApNm h^hp_p„ `Nr\ep„ sfuL¡$ hp`f¡ R>¡. Ap k„v$c£ "kp¡fp¡T Ap¡a ^u k¡sp_' dpfy„ râe `yõsL$ R>¡. S>¡ g¡ML$ Ål¡fdp„ äu k¡¼k_u hps L$f¡ s¡_u hpsdp„ hpQL$p¡A¡ Aphhy„ _ Å¡CA¡. s¡dp„ S>ê$f Ly„$W$p lp¡e R>¡.
gMhp_u âq¾$ep rhi¡ L$l¡ip¡?
lz„ V$p¡r`L$g fpBV$f Ry>„. `l¡gp iuj®L$ gMy„ `R>u g¡M_u iê$Aps L$fy„ Ry>„. AÐepf¡ rdX$-X¡$dp„ "Q¡s_p_u nZ¡' gMhp_y„ d_¡ `X$L$pfê$` gpN¡ R>¡. fp¡S> A¡d \pe L¡$ L$pg¡ _l] gMu iL$pe sp¡? Q¡s_p_u nZ¡ gMpC Åe A¡V$g¡ d_¡ S>bfu fpls \pe R>¡. ldZp„ A¡ L$p¡gd dpV¡$ `l¡gp„ iuj®L$ rhQpey¯, "àg¡ ^ N¡d' `R>u s¡_¡ gNsu L$rhsp ip¡^u. Qp¡f Qp¡fu L$f¡ `R>u S> s¡_¡ k„X$pk Esf¡ s¡d lz„ `Z hp„Qy„ _l], _¡ ip¡^y„ _l] Ðep„ ky^u gMpe _l]. dpfy„ hp„Q_ A¡V$gy„ R>¡ L¡$ lh¡ Ap¡hf auqX„$N \ey„ lp¡e s¡d gpN¡ R>¡. g„X$__p„ OZp„ R>p`p„ Of¡ dNphy„ Ry>„ A¡ lh¡ h„Qpep hNf_p„ `X$u fl¡ R>¡.
L$p[ÞscpC, kpQy„ L$l¡Å¡, `ÓL$pfÐh âÐe¡ Dv$pku_sp A_ychpe R>¡ Mfu? Ap dprlsu_p ^p¡^dp„ A¡L$gp `X$u S>hpe s¡hy„?
_p, \pL$ gpN¡ sp¡e Ap b^y„ Nd¡ sp¡ R>¡ S>. Ap S>¡ dprlsu_p¡ ^p¡^ R>¡ s¡_¡ r^½$pfhp\u _l] Qpg¡, A¡dp„ hl¡hy„ `X$i¡. L©$óZd|rs® A¡L$ hpf S>¡.S>¡. õL|$g Ap¡a ApV¹$k®dp„ cpjZ Ap`u füp lsp Ðepf¡ Ðep„ TpX$ `f L$pNX$pAp¡ M|b AhpS> L$fsp lsp. s¡_¡ gu^¡ îp¡spAp¡_y„ Ýep_ X$lp¡mpsy„ lsy„. L©$óZd|rs®A¡ L$üy„, ""L$pNX$p_p AhpS> `f Nyõk¡ _ \ph. Å¡ Nyõk¡ \ip¡ sp¡ d_¡ kp„cmu _l] iL$p¡.'' bk, A¡ fus¡ lz„ dpÓ dpfp L$pd_¡ hapv$pf fl¡hpdp„ dp_y„ Ry>„.
sdpfu kamspdp„ cpjpi¥gu_p¡ rlõkp¡ L¡$V$gp¡?
d¢ iê$Apsdp„ V|„$L$u hpsp®Ap¡ gMu, `Z `R>u hpsp®_y„ õhê$` qaõky„ gpNhp dp„X$éy„. kprlÐedp„ `¥kp `Z dm¡ _l], s¡\u d¢ õV$p¡fu S>¡hp qf`p¡V®$ gMhp dp„X$ép. rQÓg¡Mpdp„ V|„$L$p„ hp¼ep¡hpmu i¥gudp„ d¢ hpsp®_u Y$b¡ gMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ s¡_¡ M|b kamsp dmu. gp¡L$p¡_¡ ApMf¡ sp¡ õV$p¡fu S> Å¡CA¡ R>¡. dpfu sm`v$u cpjp `Z blz L$pddp„ Aphu. dlzhpdp„ DR>¡f \ep¡ s¡\u Ðep„_u gY$Z d_¡ dmu. dpfu AcZ bp blz hpQpm lsu. s¡_u L$l¡hsp¡ d_¡ dmu. _p_`Z\u S> b¡cp_ \C S>hpe A¡V$gy„ hp„Qhp_p¡ ip¡M lsp¡ A_¡ r`sp iuO° L$rh lsp A¡V$g¡ cpjpkd©rÙ hpfkpdp„ dmu. Å¡L¡$ dpfp r`sp_p õhcph âdpZ¡ dpfu cpjpdp„ sp¡R>X$pC `Z OZu Aphu.
râe `ÓL$pf L$p¡Z?
AÐepf¡ sp¡ d_¡ fpS>v$u` kfv¡$kpC Nd¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsudp„ sp¡ L$p¡C dl¡_s S> _\u L$fsy„. iugp cË$¡ auëX$hL®$dp„ S>¡ dl¡_s L$fu s¡hu dl¡_s L$p¡C L$fsy„ _\u. _hp NyS>fpsu `ÓL$pfp¡ hp„Qsp `Z _\u. Å¡L¡$ NyS>fpsu hpQL$p¡ `Z lh¡ blz S>gv$u k„sp¡jpC Åe R>¡.
NyS>fpsu kprlÐe A_¡ NyS>fpsu cpjp_u [õ\rs L¡$hu gpN¡ R>¡?
NyS>fpsu kprlÐe sp¡ dpf¡ d_ d¡OpZu dfu Nep A¡V$g¡ `|fy„ \C Ney„ R>¡. f.h. v¡$kpC, NyZh„sfpe ApQpe®, d_ycpC `„Qp¡mu S>¡hp g¡ML$p¡ dpV¡$ blz dp_ R>¡. d_ycpC `„Qpmu_y„ "T¡f sp¡ `u^p„ ÅZu ÅZu' `yõsL$ d_¡ blz râe R>¡. Mpk sp¡ _pd_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>. NyS>fpsu cpjp rhi¡ ApS>L$pg S>¡ L$pNpfp¡m \pe R>¡ s¡_u kp\¡ lz„ klds _\u. NyS>fpsu cpjp L$ÃR>-kp¥fpô²$dp„ Æh„s R>¡, A_¡ A¡ Æhi¡ S>.
sdpfu rhQpf^pfp `f Akf L$f_pf ìe[¼sAp¡ L$C?
L¡$v$pf_p\, S>¡. L©$óZd|rs®, fS>_ui A_¡ ey.Æ. L©$óZd|rs®.
Mpk Akf L$fu lp¡e s¡hp„ `yõsL$p¡ L$ep„?
A¡g¡_ hp¡V¹$k_y„ `yõsL$ "rhTX$d Ap¡a B_rk¼eyqfV$u' A_¡ B.A¡d. kuAf__y„ "rlõV$fu Ap¡a eyV$p¡r`ep'. Å¡L¡$ lz„ dy¼s \ep¡ `u.X$u. Ap¡õ`¡ÞõL$u_p `yõsL$ "^u kpBL$p¡gp¡Æ Ap¡a d¡Þk `p¡rkbg Bhp¡ëeyi_'_¡ hp„Qu_¡.
_p_`Z_p DR>¡f, epv$p¡ rhi¡ L„$CL$?
Ap¡l! bpm`Z_u sp¡ OZu L$fyZ epv$p¡ R>¡. r`sp rinL$ lsp A_¡ bp AcZ lsu. bp`yÆ dpfu bp_¡ _p_u-dp¡V$u hpsdp„ kp¡V$u\u dpfsp lsp. bp_¡ OZu hpf L|$hp-hphdp„ `X$hp S>su Å¡C R>¡. Qpf cpC A_¡ ÓZ bl¡_p¡dp„, lz„ bl¡_p¡_u h^pf¡ _ÆL$ lsp¡. 4 hj®_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ d_¡ rh^hp aCbp `pk¡ fl¡hp cpÖp¡X$ dp¡L$gu v¡$hpep¡ lsp¡. _p_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ r`sp_p `N fpÓ¡ v$bphy„ Ðepf¡ s¡d_u `pk¡\u L$pÞs_u L$rhspAp¡ kp„cmsp¡. dlzhp_u lpCõL|$gdp„ lz„ AMpX$p_p d¡N¡rT_ "TZL$pf'_p¡ s„Óu lsp¡. _p_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ blpvy$f lsp¡. A¡L$ hpf `W$pZ_p R>p¡L$fp kp\¡ TOX$p¡ \ep¡ A_¡ d¢ s¡_¡ gp¡lugylpZ L$fu _p¿ep¡ lsp¡. A¡ hMs¡ aCbpA¡ dpfp¡ `n g¡hp_¡ bv$g¡ d_¡ dpep£ Ðepf\u d_dp„ ^pL$ b¡ku NC.
Sy>hp_udp„ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ âÐe¡ ApL$j®Z L¡$hy„L$ lsy„?
lz„ _p_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf\u kp¦v$e®O¡gp¡ lsp¡. _h hj®_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ dlzhpdp„ Arc_¡Óu Apipgsp_u qaëd Å¡C_¡ lz„ k|C _lp¡sp¡ i¼ep¡. eyhphõ\pdp„ A¡L$ R>p¡L$fu d_¡ M|b `k„v$ lsu, `Z dpfp L$X$L$ õhcph_p L$pL$pA¡ dpfy„ kN`Z d_¡ _ Ndsu R>p¡L$fu f„S>_ kp\¡ L$ey¯. Ar_ÃR>pA¡ k„b„^ b„^pep¡ s¡_u d_¡ A¡V$gu dp_rkL$ Akf \C L¡$ S|>_p dfX$p_p¡ fp¡N gpNy `X$u Nep¡. 1954dp„ lz„ DfyguL$p„Q_ Apîddp„ k¡hL$ b_u_¡ fl¡hp gpÁep¡ lsp¡. k¡hL$ sfuL¡$ 56 ê$r`ep dmsp lsp. Å¡L¡$ fp¡d¡[ÞV$L$ lp¡hp_¡ _ps¡ b°ûQe®_p¡ r_ed d¢ gu^p¡ _lp¡sp¡. Ðep„\u L$pL$pA¡ d_¡ dg¡riep bp¡gpìep¡. 9 hj® Ðep„ L$pd L$ey¯. r`_p„Ndp„ L$pL$p_p h¡`pfdp„ kp\¡ lsp¡. gÁ_ ApMf¡ f„S>_ kp\¡ S> \ep„. d¥es Aphsu lp¡e s¡d Å_ Aphi¡ A¡d L$lu_¡ d¢ gÁ_ dpV¡$ lp `pX$u lsu. gÁ_ `R>u `Z f„S>__¡ `Ð_u sfuL¡$_p¡ lL$ d¢ _lp¡sp¡ Apàep¡. R>¡hV¡$ 1966dp„ lz„ dy„bC Qpëep¡ Apìep¡. dpf¡ ùjuL¡$i S>C_¡ kp^y \C S>hy„ lsy„, `Z dygy„X$dp„ fl¡su dpfu bl¡_, krhspA¡ d_¡ dy„bCdp„ fp¡L$u gu^p¡. `R>u sp¡ L$p„qv$hgudp„ ê$d gu^u A_¡ bk, gMhp d„X$u `X$ép¡. k|sp„-EW$sp„ `ÓL$pfÐh_¡ S> Ås kd`} v$u^u.
iê$Aps_p„ hjp£dp„ L¡$hp¡L$ k„Oj® L$ep£?
1967dp„ "ìep`pf'dp„ kb-A¡qX$V$f sfuL¡$ ê$r`ep 270_p dprkL$ `Npf¡ _p¡L$fu_u iê$Aps L$fu lsu. `R>u sp¡ rQÓg¡Mp, S>Þdc|rd, dy„bC kdpQpf, S>_i[¼s, k„v¡$i, eyhv$i®_, S>_kÑp-gp¡L$kÑp hN¡f¡ OZp„ AMbpf-kpdreL$p¡dp„ `yóL$m g¿ey„. iê$Aps_p„ dy„bC_p„ hjp£dp„ A¡L$gp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ fp¡dpÞk_y„ ìek_ \C Ney„ lsy„. R|>V$pR>¡X$p_p¡ lL$ dpÓ ÷u_¡ S> lp¡hp¡ Å¡CA¡ A¡d lz„ ×Y$`Z¡ dp_y„ A¡V$g¡ d¢ f„S>__¡ R|>V$pR>¡X$p Apàep _lp¡sp. `qfZpd¡ buS>¡ gÁ_ `Z _lp¡sp¡ L$fu iL$sp¡. A¡ v$frdep_ OZu R>p¡L$fuAp¡ kp\¡ k„b„^ b„^pep¡. A¡dp„\u L¡$V$guL$ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ dpfp¡ D`ep¡N L$fu flu R>¡ s¡hp¡ `Z ¿epg Aphu Nep¡ lsp¡. Aphp k„b„^p¡_p¡ L„$V$pmp¡ `Z Aphsp¡ lsp¡. `Z dpfu _S>f cV$L$hp dp„X$u lsu. v|$fv$i®_ `f A¡ hMs¡ [õdsp `pV$ug ÞeykfuX$f lsu s¡_¡ Å¡C_¡ d_¡ `fZhp_p¡ rhQpf Aphu S>sp¡ lsp¡. 1977dp„ lz„ L¡$Þep Qpëep¡ Nep¡ lsp¡. Ðep„\u `pR>p Aphu_¡ dy„bCdp„ v$gpg õV²$uV$_p L$p¡aulpDkdp„ f„S>__¡ 40,000 ê$r`ep c¡Np L$f¡gp s¡ Ap`u_¡ R|>V$pR>¡X$p gu^p lsp. A¡_¡ `|R¹>ey„ lsy„, "bl¡_, fpÆ?'
R|>V$pR>¡X$p bpv$ iy„ `qfhs®_ Apìey„?
d_¡ A¡d lsy„ L¡$ R|>V$pR>¡X$p bpv$ õhN®_p„ Üpf M|gu S>i¡, `Z A¡hy„ L„$C \ey„ _l]. L$pL$pA¡ dpfu _S>f cV$L$su L$fu s¡ dpV¡$ lz„ A¡d_¡ ¼epf¡e dpa _l] L$fy„. cpfs_u L$p¡C `Z âpQu_ k„õL$pfp¡ ^fphsu _pfu L$fsp„ d_¡ dpfy„ Of râe R>¡. lz„ Off¿My dpZk Ry>„. R|>V$pR>¡X$p bpv$ dpfu `k„v$_u R>p¡L$fu dm¡ sp¡ S> `fZhy„, _l]sf _l] A¡hy„ _½$u L$fu gu^y„ lsy„. `R>u dpfp\u 28 hj® _p_u iugp Th¡fu kp\¡ `qfQe \ep¡. 1979dp„ Ad¡ gÁ_ L$ep¯. A¡Z¡ dpfu kp\¡ ip dpV¡$ gÁ_ L$ep¯ A¡ ApS>¡ `Z d_¡ kdÅsy„ _\u, `Z Ad¡ `fZu Nep„ A_¡ ApS>¡ `Z kp\¡ R>uA¡ A¡ dlÒh_y„ R>¡.
Jdf_p¡ saphs _X$ép¡ _l]?
_p. iugp 10 hj®_u lsu Ðepf\u d_¡ hp„Qsu lsu. d_¡ l„d¡i kp\¡ fl¡, kp\¡ L$pd L$f¡ A¡hu kp\uv$pf_u T„M_p lsu. iugp qv$ëlu\u `pR>u dy„bC Aphu Ðepf¡ d¢ s¡_p õhpNsdp„ v$fhpÅ `f "Ad Of cg¡ `^pep¯ kpS>r_ep' gMu fp¿ey„ lsy„.
sdpfu `yÓu i[¼s_y„ ìe[¼sÐh L¡$hy„ R>¡?
i[¼s 20 hj®_u R>¡. ãgp¡qfX$p_u A¡L$lX®$ L$p¡g¡S>dp„ cZ¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ Ad¡ `|fsu õhs„Ósp Ap`u R>¡, `Z kp\¡kp\¡ s¡_¡ L$üy„ `Z R>¡ L¡$, "Å¡ b¡V$p, bp¡eä¡ÞX$ cg¡ lp¡e, `Z ey l¡h Vy$ V¡$L$ L¡$f Ap¡a ep¡f bp¡X$u A¡ÞX$ ep¡f L$qfef.' lz„ ÷u_u õhs„Óspdp„ dp_y„ Ry>„. i[¼s_¡ L$lu v$u^y„ R>¡ L¡$, "Ly„$hpfu dfu S>S>¡, `Z spfy„ âv$i®_ ¼epf¡e _ L$fsu. S>¡ dyfrsep¡ spfp Of¡ s_¡ Å¡hp Aph¡ s¡_¡ S> `fZS>¡.'
sd_¡ Æh_dp„ Ap_„v$ ¼epf¡ A_ychpe?
lz„ L$p¡C_u kp\¡ k„hpv$ kp^u iLy„$ Ðepf¡ d_¡ kp¥\u h^pf¡ Ap_„v$ \pe. lz„ bp¡gy„ L¡$ lz„ Q|` flz„ A_¡ L$p¡C d_¡ kdÆ g¡ A¡ Nd¡. bpL$u Apd sp¡ lz„ A¡L$p„srâe dpZk Ry>„. L©$óZd|rs® sp¡ A¡d L$l¡ L¡$ sd¡ qaëd Å¡hp ÅAp¡ A¡ `Z sdpfu A¡L$p„s kl_ _ L$fu iL$hp_u L$pefsp S> R>¡.
lz„ kss Ås_y„ `funZ L$fsp¡ flz„ Ry>„. L„$C Ry>`phsp¡ _\u. _p_`Z\u Æh_dp„ klp_yc|rs_u c|M flu R>¡, s¡ R>¡ S>. d_¡ `Ð_u `Z dp S>¡hu gpN¡. lz„ `fpZ¡ âpdprZL$ Ry>„ A¡d L$lz„ sp¡ Qpg¡.
sd¡ _h®k âL©$rs_p R>p¡?
lp. `Z lh¡ R>¡ëgp„ 12 hj®\u qX$â¡i_ S>sy„ füy„ R>¡. lz„ â¡[¼V$k\u Apiphpv$u bÞep¡ Ry>„. Å¡L¡$ d_¡ KO_u Np¡muAp¡ Mphp_u ¼epf¡e S>ê$f _\u `X$u.
Æh_dp„ L„$C Aakp¡k Mfp¡?
lp, dpfu BÃR>p rhfyÙ kN`Z \ey„ A_¡ lz„ rkg¡¼V$f (`k„v$NuL$pf) _ b_u i¼ep¡ A¡ f„S> Æh_dp„ kss, v$f¡L$ `qf[õ\rsdp„ kp\¡ füp¡ R>¡. Æh_dp„ `ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ `Z kss õhuL©$rs d¡mhhp d\sp„ fl¡hy„ `X¡$ R>¡. d_¡ AõhuL©$rs_p¡ \pL$ gpÁep¡ R>¡. lz„ bpm`Z\u Ak„hpqv$spdp„ Æìep¡ Ry>„, s¡_p¡ `Z Aakp¡k R>¡. Æh__p„ `l¡gp„ 34 hj® ky^u dpfp L$pL$p_p Nygpd_u S>¡d Æìep¡ Ry>„.
Æh_dp„ `¥kp_y„ dlÒh sd¡ L¡$V$gy„ Ap„L$p¡ R>p¡?
lz„ ipL$hpmp¡ `¥kp `pR>p Ap`¡ s¡ NZsp¡ _\u. `¥kp dlÒh_p _\u A_¡ R>sp„ M|b ¾$|f fus¡ dlÒh_p R>¡. d¢ dpfp r`sp_u `fp^u_sp Å¡C R>¡. dpfp r`sp, dpfu `pk¡\u L$pNm gMphu_¡ L$pL$p `pk¡\u `¥kp dNphsp lsp. L$pL$p `¥kp dp¡L$gsp A¡V$g¡ dpfu bp_¡ dpfhp_p¡ lL$ `Z ÅZ¡ L¡$ s¡d_¡ dmu Nep¡ lsp¡. d¢ L$v$pQ A¡V$g¡ S> _½$u L$fu gu^y„ R>¡ L¡$ dpf¡ L$p¡C_u v$ep `f _\u Æhhy„. dpfp¡ A„Ns MQ® 800 ê$r`ep S>¡V$gp¡ S> R>¡. lz„ kpv$Nu\u Æhhpdp„ dp_y„ Ry>„. b°pûZ sfuL¡$ lz„ `¥kp X$bg L$fhpdp„ _\u dp_sp¡. i¡f L¡$ kp¡_y„ Mfuv$hpdp„ `Z _\u dp_sp¡.
sd¡ ^prd®L$ R>p¡?
^prd®L$ Ry>„, `Z `|Å _\u L$fsp¡. khpf¡ L$pL$pA¡ Ap`¡gp¡ dl¡i ep¡Nu_p¡ A¡L$ d„Ó cÏ„ Ry>„. bpL$u, Ly$mv¡$hu symÅchp_u_¡ dp_y„ Ry>„.
S>dhpdp„ iy„ iy„ cph¡?
Ås¡ fp„^¡gy„ L„$C `Z cph¡. S>¡d v|$f\u F>QpAp¡ k„cmpe A_¡ Mbf `X¡$ L¡$ Al] Apîd li¡, s¡d blpf v|$^u_p„ R>p¡sfp„ v¡$Mpe sp¡ kdS>hp_y„ L¡$ Ap dpfy„ Of. 365 qv$hk lz„ v|$^u MpC iLy„$. khpf¡ g]by-d^ _pM¡gy„ `pZu `uJ Ry>„. 14 L$gpL$ L$pd L$fy„ Ry>„ s¡_y„ Ap flõe R>¡. dN, cps, Qp¡Mp_u fp¡V$gu A_¡ v$l] d_¡ cph¡. v$l] lz„ lp\¡ S> S>dphy„ Ry>„.
sdpfu L$p¡C Mpk `k„v$-_p`k„v$?
d_¡ L$`X$p„ ka¡v$ f„N_p„ S> Nd¡. `l¡gp„ sp¡ L$`X$p„ Ås¡ S> ^p¡sp¡. d_¡ õhÃR>sp_p¡ ApN°l OZp¡. S|>_u hõsyAp¡ rhi¡j Nd¡. R>¡ëgp„ 30-35 hjp£\u A¡L$ S> õV$ug_u \pmudp„ S>dy„ Ry>„. v|$^ `uhp_u _p_L$X$u hpV$L$u lsu s¡ lÆ kpQhu fpMu R>¡. d_¡ tlkp\u cpf¡ Ópk \pe. tlkpÐdL$ qaëdp¡ _ Nd¡ A_¡ gpNZuiug qaëd lp¡e sp¡ fX$hy„ Aph¡. buSy>„, d_¡ Abp¡gp kpd¡ kMs hp„^p¡ R>¡. L$p¡C dpfu kp\¡ Abp¡gp g¡ A¡ dpfp\u kl_ _ \pe.
sdpfu râe qaëd L$C?
NpBX$. lz„ Äepf¡ â¡dcÁ_ Ahõ\pdp„ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ Å¡C lsu. v¡$hv$pk qaëd d¢ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ 10du hpf Å¡C Ðepf¡ `Z fX$ép¡ lsp¡. Ap„ky dpfp dpV¡$ Apkp_ R>¡. v¡$hv$pk_y„ "rS>k¡ sy„ L$b|g L$f g¡' Nus d_¡ râe R>¡. A¡ rkhpe "dlg' qaëd_y„ "Ape¡Np, Ape¡Np' Nus d_¡ kv$p râe R>¡. `l¡gp dpfu _S>f cV$L$su lsu, lh¡ dpfp¡ ApÐdp cV$L$sp¡ lp¡e s¡d gpN¡ R>¡.
h©Ùphõ\p_p¡ õ`i® A_ychpe R>¡?
h©Ùphõ\p_¡ lz„ L$p[Þs Ahõ\p L$lui. h©Ùphõ\p lz„ õhuL$pfu _\u iL$sp¡. `ÓL$pf sfuL¡$ kdL$pgu_ kde_u A_¡ OV$_pAp¡_u kp\¡ Æhy„ Ry>„, A¡V$g¡ ifuf\u `Z b^p_u kp\¡ Æhhp BÃRy>„ Ry>„. `Z lh¡ A¡hy„ ifuf ¼ep„\u gphy„?
d©Ðey_p¡ X$f gpN¡ Mfp¡?
d¢ d©Ðey Å¡ey„ S> _\u. lz„ ¼epf¡e MfMf¡ S>sp¡ _\u. dpfp r`sp_p d©Ðey Ahkf¡ `Z Nep¡ _lp¡sp¡. Å¡L¡$ d©Ðey_p¡ X$f _\u. d_¡ kdÅC Ney„ R>¡ L¡$ Æh_ Aphy„ S> lp¡e. lz„ A¡jZp fpMu iLy„$, `Z d_¡ dpfu ifs¡ Æh_-â¡d _ `Z dm¡. d¢ dpfu `l¡gu `Ð_u_¡ R>p¡X$u A¡V$g¡ buÅ `Z d_¡ R>p¡X$u v$C iL¡$ A¡ õhpcprhL$ R>¡. Æh_dp„ AÅZsp„ A_¡L$ f„S> gC_¡ Æìep¡ Ry>„, `Z A¡L„$v$f¡ Æh_ Apd S> kd©Ù \sy„ lp¡e R>¡.
L„$C BÃR>p, dlÒhpL$p„np Mfu?
L„$C d¡mhhp_u, âpàs L$fhp_u dlÒhpL$p„np S>¡hy„ sp¡ L„$C _\u, `Z lp, ApÝep[ÐdL$ õsf¡ `¡gp cV$L$sp ApÐdp_u S>¡ A¡L$ ip¡^ R>¡, A¡ ip¡^ `|fu \pe A¡hy„ BÃRy>„ Ry>„. cV$L$sp¡ ApÐdp dpfu A„v$f k„hpqv$sp BÃR>¡ R>¡.
h^y dygpL$psp¡ hp„Qhp Al] [¼gL$ L$fp¡
Ap dygpL$ps Ap`_¡ L¡$hu gpNu?
