• L$p¡grdõV
• ap¡V$p¡ N¡gfu
• qfqX$a X$pefu
• bS>¡V$ 2001
• c|L„$`rhi¡j
• k¡¼k L$p¡_®f
• srbes
• dyhuV$pBd
• NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f
• NyãsNy
• TV$`V$ fkp¡C
• _¡V$f¡qX$ep¡
• õV$p¡fuV$pBd
• râe qfqX$a
• ^„^p`pZu
• `ep®hfZ
• dygpL$ps
• rbT_¡kbps¢
• Anfp
• dps©h„v$_p
• kyfs õ`¡rieg
• fpS>L$p¡V$ kdpQpf
• Adv$phpv$ õ`¡rieg
• NyS>fps_y„ Of¡Ï„
• r\e¡V$f
• oprshpv$
• _pdphrg
• R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„
• hpsp®

gp¡L$p¡ budpf L¡$d `X¡$ R>¡? Å¡ d_¡ L$p¡C `|R>¡ sp¡ lz„ L$lz„ L¡$ A¡L$ dlÒh_y„ L$pfZ S>¡ MpCA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ Mphp_u fus Mp¡V$u R>¡. ApMp ^pÞe, ipL$plpfu Mp¡fpL$_p¡ A¡L$ dlÒh_p¡ rlõkp¡ R>¡. OJ, Qp¡Mp, Sy>hpf, bpS>fu, L$p¡v$fu, kpdp¡, dL$pC hN¡f¡ ^pÞe dp¡V$p cpN_p ipL$plpfu gp¡L$p¡dp„ kp¥\u h^y i[¼s `|fu `pX$_pf Mp¡fpL$ R>¡. Ap ^pÞe_¡ Å¡ ep¡Áe L$pmÆ fpMu_¡ Mphpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ dpÓ i[¼s S> _l], `f„sy f¡kp, õV$pQ®, du_fëk, rhV$pqd_, A¡[ÞV$Ap¡[¼kX¹$ÞV$¹k A_¡ apBV$p¡BõV²$p¡S>_ S>¡hp„ A_¡L$ dlÒh_p„ sÒhp¡ A¡dp„\u dm¡ R>¡ S>¡ õhpõÕeÅmhZu dpV¡$ OZp„ ANÐe_p„ R>¡. amp¡ A_¡ cpÆ_u S>¡d S> fp¡Np¡_¡ \sp„ AV$L$phhp dpV¡$ ApMp ^pÞe D`ep¡Nu R>¡ A¡hy„ spS>¡sfdp„ \e¡gp OZp Aæepk S>Zph¡ R>¡. sp¡ `R>u ip dpV¡$ Ap`Z¡ fp¡tS>v$p¡ Mp¡fpL$ Mphpdp„ QuhV$ g¡sp _\u?

vy$r_epdp„ h`fpsp Ly$g ^pÞe `¥L$u 33 V$L$p S>¡V$gp¡ rlõkp¡ OJ_p¡ A_¡ 25 V$L$p rlõkp¡ Qp¡Mp_p¡ R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p rhL$rks v¡$ip¡dp„ ^pÞe DNpX$ép `R>u A¡_p `f A_¡L$ Ås_u âq¾$epAp¡ L$fu_¡ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ õhê$`¡ h¡Qhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `p¡rgtiN, Nfdu Ap`hu, DL$pmhp, ddfp L¡$ `p¦Ap b_phhp, gp¡V$, d¢v$p¡ L¡$ fhp¡ b_phhp¡ hN¡f¡... Ap b¡ A_pS>_¡, s¡_p NyZp¡_¡, s¡_u MpduAp¡_¡ kdÆA¡ sp¡ b¡X$p¡ `pf \C Åe.

v$f¡L$ ^pÞe_u fQ_p A¡L$kfMu lp¡e R>¡. ^pÞe_p¡ Apif¡ 80 V$L$p rlõkpdp„ Nc® lp¡e R>¡. A„v$f_y„ A„Ly$f A_¡ blpf_y„ `X$ bpL$u_p 20 V$L$p rlõkp_p cpNuv$pf R>¡. Qp¡Mp rkhpe_p„ b^p„ ^pÞedp„ f¡kp_y„ âdpZ kpfy„ lp¡e R>¡. kf¡fpi 10\u 15 V$L$p âp¡V$u_ v$f¡L$ ^pÞedp„ lp¡e R>¡. ^pÞedp„ fl¡gp V$p¡L$p¡-V²$pBA¡_p¡gk, qgÁ_p_, apBV$p¡BÞõV²$p¡S>_, qa_p¡qgL$ L„$`pDÞX$ A_¡ apBqV$L$ A¡rkX$ L¡$Þkf kpd¡ fnZ Ap`hp_y„ A_¡ L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g OV$pX$hp_y„ ANÐe_y„ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡.

Äepf¡ ^pÞe `f qdgdp„ âq¾$ep L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ A¡dp„\u blpf_y„ `X$ A_¡ A„Ly$f_¡ Nc®\u Sy>v$p„ L$fu _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. qdgdp„ f¡kp A_¡ AÞe D`ep¡Nu sÒhp¡ Ap A„Ly$f A_¡ ^pÞe_p bpü amdp„ fl¡gp„ lp¡e R>¡ s¡_¡ Nc®dp„ fl¡gp õV$pQ®\u AgN L$fu _pMu_¡ `R>u dpÓ Nc®_p cpN_p¡ gp¡V$ b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. OJdp„\u b_sp¡ d¢v$p¡ Aphu âq¾$ep_y„ `qfZpd R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ OJ_p„ Ars D`ep¡Nu sÒhp¡ d¢v$pdp„ dmsp„ _\u. ApMp ^pÞe `f S>¡V$gu h^y iyÙuL$fZ_u âq¾$ep L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ A¡V$gp h^y âdpZdp„ `p¡jL$sÒhp¡ _pi `pd¡ R>¡. A_¡ S>¡ L$p„C bQ¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ `p¡jL$sÒhp¡ L$fsp„ `Qhpdp„ AOfp„ sÒhp¡ h^y fl¡gp„ R>¡.

ApMp ^pÞedp„ fl¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ sÒhp¡ (v$p.s. f¡kp, AdyL$ AÞe L$pbp£lpBX²$¡V$) Ap„sfX$p„dp„ `pQL$fkp¡\u `Qsp„ _\u, Ap _ `Q¡gp L$pbp£lpBX²$¡V$ `f Ap„sfX$p„dp„ fl¡gp b¡¼V¡$qfep lzdgp¡ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ A¡dp„\u _p_u i©„Mgp ^fphsp a¡V$u A¡rkX$ DÐ`Þ_ \pe R>¡. A¡rkV¡$V$, åeyV$pBV¡$V$, âp¡q`ep¡_¡V$ hN¡f¡ Ap âL$pf_p a¡V$u A¡qkX$_p„ Dv$plfZ R>¡. S>¡_y„ h^y âdpZ `¡V$dp„ N¡k_u sL$gua Ecu L$f¡ R>¡. AgbÑ, \p¡X$p âdpZdp„ Ap„sfX$p„dp„ Dv$¹chsp _p_u i©„Mgp_p a¡V$u A¡rkX$ L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g OV$pX$hpdp„ ANÐe_p¡ apmp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡.

A_pS>dp„ fl¡gp f¡kp_¡ kdÆ gp¡

v$f¡L$ ^pÞedp„ b¡ âL$pf_p f¡kp lp¡e R>¡. (1) `pZudp„ AÖpìe f¡kp A_¡ (2) Öpìe f¡kp. AÖpìe f¡kp dy¿eÐh¡ L$brS>eps AV$L$phhpdp„ dv$v$ê$` \pe R>¡. Öpìe f¡kp dy¿eÐh¡ Ap„sfX$p„dp„\u ÁgyL$p¡T A_¡ Qfbu (L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g)_¡ gp¡ludp„ S>sp„ AV$L$ph¡ R>¡ A\hp ^ud¡ ^ud¡ gp¡ludp„ S>hp v¡$ R>¡. S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ gp¡lu_u kyNf (X$pepbuqV$k) A_¡ L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g L$pb|dp„ fl¡ R>¡.

S>h S>¡hp _p_p ^pÞedp„ Ly$g f¡kpdp„\u ÓuÅ cpN_p f¡kp Öpìe f¡kp lp¡e R>¡ Äepf¡ OJdp„ M|b Ap¡R>p Öpìe f¡kp lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ Qp¡Mpdp„ rbgLy$g Öpìe f¡kp lp¡sp _\u. f¡kpdp„ fl¡gp `¡ÞV$p¡T, d_p¡T A_¡ ÁgyL$p¡T_¡ Ap^pf¡ A¡_u L¡$Þkf kpd¡ fnZ Ap`hp_u ndsp _½$u \pe R>¡. S>¡ f¡kpdp„ `¡ÞV$p¡T_y„ âdpZ h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡ A¡ f¡kp dm_y„ hS>_ h^pf¡ R>¡. d_p¡T A_¡ ÁgyL$p¡T h^pf¡ lp¡e A¡hp f¡kp L¡$Þkf kpd¡ dlÑd fnZ Ap`¡ R>¡. d_p¡T AÖpìe f¡kp_p¡ cpN R>¡. L$ep A_pS>dp„ L¡$V$gp âdpZdp„ Ap b^p„ Öìep¡ lp¡e R>¡ A¡ A„N¡ lÆ b^u rhNsp¡ D`gå^ _\u, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ L$ey„ A_pS> fp¡Np¡\u bQhpdp„ kh®î¡›$ R>¡ A¡ L$l¡hy„ dyíL¡$g R>¡. AgbÑ, kpdp¡, L$p¡v$fu, fpgL$p„N, S>h, fpNu hN¡f¡ "lgL$p ^pÞe' kp¥\u h^y f¡kp ^fph¡ R>¡ A_¡ Apfp¡Áe dpV¡$ L$v$pQ kp¥\u h^y apev$pL$pfL$ lp¡C iL¡$.

Mp¡fpL$_p f¡kp L$C fus¡ Ap„sfX$p„_y„ L¡$Þkf AV$L$phu iL¡$ R>¡ A¡ lÆ Qp¡½$k`Z¡ ÅZu iL$pey„ _\u. Mp¡fpL$dp„ fl¡gp„ _yL$kp_L$pfL$ sÒhp¡_¡ TX$`c¡f Ap„sfX$p„_u blpf L$pY$hp_y„ ANÐe_y„ L$pd sp¡ f¡kp S> L$f¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s, Ap„sfX$p„dp„ Aphsp r`Ñ kp\¡ Ap f¡kp Å¡X$pC_¡ r`Ñ_¡ Ap„sfX$p„ D`f Mfpb Akf L$fsp„ AV$L$ph¡ R>¡. r`Ñ_p A¡rkX$ Ap„sfX$p„_p L$p¡jp¡_p k„`L®$dp„ gp„bp¡ kde fl¡ sp¡ Ap„sfX$p„_p L$p¡jp¡ _pi `pd¡ R>¡. Ap„sfX$p„dp„ f¡kp_u lpS>fu_¡ L$pfZ¡- f¡kp `f fpkperZL$ âq¾$ep \hp\u- _p_u i„©Mgp ^fphsp„ a¡V$u A¡rkX$ b_¡ R>¡ S>¡ r`Ñ_p„ A¡rkX$ b_hp_u âq¾$ep ^udu L$fu _pM¡ R>¡ A_¡ `qfZpd¡ Ap„sfX$p„ D`f _yL$kp_ \sy„ AV$L$u iL¡$ R>¡. åeyV$pBV¡$V$ _pd_y„ a¡V$u A¡rkX$ f¡kpdp„\u b_¡ R>¡ S>¡ L¡$Þkf AV$L$phsp `qfbm sfuL¡$ ÅZusy„ R>¡.

ApMp„ ^pÞe budpfu_u âq¾$ep ^udu `pX¡$ R>¡

f¡kp D`fp„s ApMp A_pS> (^pÞe)dp„ S> AÞe apev$pL$pfL$ sÒhp¡ R>¡. S>¡d_y„ _pd R>¡ A¡[ÞV$Ap¡[¼kX$ÞV¹$k. ifuf_p v$f¡L¡$v$f¡L$ L$p¡jp¡_¡ fp¡S>¡fp¡S> Ap¡[¼kX¡$i__u âq¾$ep\u Ap¡Ry>„hÑy„ _yL$kp_ `lp¢Q¡ R>¡. Ap Ap¡[¼kX¡$i_ AV$L$phhp dpV¡$ AkfL$pfL$ sÒhp¡- A¡[ÞV$Ap¡[¼kX$Þ$V¹$k L$l¡hpe R>¡. X$pepbuqV$k, L¡$Þkf, ùv$efp¡N, dp¡rsep¡ hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u budpfu\u bQu iL$pe R>¡ A\hp budpfu_u âq¾$ep ^udu `pX$u iL$pe R>¡.

rhV$prdÞk, ^psy sÒhp¡, ãg¡hp¡_p¡BX¹$k, rgÁ_p_ A_¡ apBV$p¡Bkp¡S>_ hN¡f¡ L¡$V$gp„L$ ANÐe_p„ A¡[ÞV$Ap¡[¼kX$ÞV¹$k R>¡, S>¡ ApMp ^pÞedp„ lpS>f lp¡e R>¡. ^pÞe_p blpf_p `X$dp„ k¡g¡r_ed, T]L$, L$p¡`f, d¢N¡q_T hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ sÒhp¡ lpS>f lp¡e R>¡- S>¡ ^pÞe `f qdqg„N_u âq¾$ep\u a¢L$pC Åe R>¡. A¡ S> fus¡ rhV$prd_ B `Z ^pÞe_p A„Ly$fdp„ lp¡e R>¡, S>¡ `Z rdtgN A_¡ qfapBt_N_¡ L$pfZ¡ L$Qfpdp„ S>sy„ fl¡ R>¡. OJ_p A„Ly$fdp„ `yóL$m rhV$prd_ B lp¡e R>¡. hmu OJ_p `X$dp„ (\|gpdp„) a¡fyrgL$ A¡rkX$ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp¡ A¡[ÞV$Ap¡qL$kX$ÞV$ `v$p\® lp¡e R>¡ S>¡ L¡$Þkf kpd¡ gX$hpdp„ ANÐe_p¡ apmp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. ifuf_u A„v$f fl¡gp„ T¡fu sÒhp¡_¡ rb_T¡fu L$fsp„ DÐk¡QL$_u L$pdNufu h^pfhpdp„ Ap a¡fyrgL$ A¡rkX$ dv$v$ê$` \pe R>¡. Ap S> fus¡ apBqV$L$ A¡rkX$ _pd_y„ A_pS>dp„ fl¡gy„ sÒh Ap„sfX$p„_p b¡¼V¡$qfep Üpfp DÐ`Þ_ \e¡gp„ lpr_L$pfL$ sÒhp¡_p¡ _pi L$fhpdp„ dv$v$ê$` \pe R>¡, S>¡ Ap„sfX$p„_p L$p¡jp¡_¡ _yL$kp_\u bQph¡ R>¡.

Ap D`fp„s, v$f¡L$ ^pÞedp„ apV$p¡BõV²¡$S>_ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp„ sÒhp¡ (v$p.s. ApBk¡àãg¡h¡àÞk, L$p¥d¡iV$Þk A_¡ qgÁ_p_) lpS>f lp¡e R>¡. Ap sÒhp¡ ifuf_¡ bpüfkpeZp¡\u \sp„ _yL$kp_ kpd¡ fnZ Ap`¡ R>¡. s¡d S> ÷uAp¡dp„ õs_L¡$Þkf A_¡ lpX$L$p„ _bmp„ `X$hp_u âq¾$ep kpd¡ fnZ Ap`¡ R>¡. ApMp OJ A_¡ S>h s¡d S> kp¡epbu_dp„ `yóL$m apBV²$p¡BõV²$p¡S>_ lp¡e R>¡ S>¡_p¡ D`ep¡N fÅ¡r_h©Ñ ÷uAp¡dp„ Apiuhp®v$ê$` kprbs \C iL¡$ R>¡.

âp¡k¡k L$f¡gy„ A_pS> kÒhp¡_p¡ _pi L$f¡ R>¡

^pÞedp„ fl¡gp„ Ap b^p„ apev$pL$pfL$ sÒhp¡_p¡ `|f¡`|fp¡ gpc g¡hp¡ lp¡e sp¡, Ap b^p„ ^pÞe_¡ M¡sfdp„\u ku^p„ Of¡ gphu_¡ hp`fhp_u V¡$h `pX$p¡. M¡sfdp„\u L$pfMp_pdp„ âp¡k¡k \C_¡ ^pÞe_u `¡v$pip¡ Äep„ `lp¢Q¡ R>¡ Ðep„ dp¡V$p cpN_p qL$õkpdp„ ^pÞe_u apev$pL$pfL$ Akfp¡ _ô$ \C Åe R>¡. d¢v$p¡ L¡$ d¢v$pdp„\u b_su b¡L$fu`¡v$pip¡ b^p fp¡Np¡\u bQphsp„ sÒhp¡ Nydphu Q|L¡$gp sÒhlu_ ^pÞe`¡v$pi_p _d|_p R>¡. qdgdp„ `p¡qgi L$ep® hNf_p Qp¡Mp (lp\R>X$_p Qp¡Mp), S>h, L$p¡v$fu, kpdp¡, L$p„N, fpNu S>¡hp "lgL$p ^pÞe', \|gpey¼s OJ_p¡ gp¡V$, `p¢L$, dL$pC_p v$pZp hN¡f¡ "ApMp ^pÞe' (^pÞedp„\u L$p¡C `Z `v$p\® a¢¼ep hNf A¡_¡ Mphpdp„ g¡hpe s¡)_p¡ D`ep¡N S>¡V$gp¡ h^pf¡ \pe A¡V$gp¡ ifuf_¡ apev$p¡ \pe R>¡. ^pÞe_p bpü v¡$Mph L¡$ QmL$pV$ L¡$ gukp gp¡V$_¡ Ap^pf¡ A¡_u Mfuv$u_p¡ r_Z®e L$fhp_¡ bv$g¡ A¡dp„ fl¡g f¡kp A_¡ AÞe apev$pL$pfL$ sÒhp¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ (v¡$Mph \p¡X$p¡L$ _bmp¡ lp¡e sp¡ `Z) A¡_p¡ h`fpi L$fhp¡ M|b S>ê$fu R>¡.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?