• ApS>_y„ `„Qp„N
• ApS>_u Å¡L$
• L$p¡grdõV
• k¡¼k L$p¡_®f
• srbes
• dyhuV$pBd
• NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f
• NyãsNy
• TV$`V$ fkp¡C
• _¡V$f¡qX$ep¡
• õV$p¡fuV$pBd
• râe qfqX$a
• ^„^p`pZu
• rbT_¡kbps¢
• Anfp
• dps©h„v$_p
• kyfs õ`¡rieg
• fpS>L$p¡V$ kdpQpf
• Adv$phpv$ õ`¡rieg
• NyS>fps_y„ Of¡Ï„
• r\e¡V$f
• oprshpv$
• _pdphrg
• R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„
• hpsp®

3000 D`hpk L$f_pf s`õhu S>¥_pQpe®

L$p[Þs cË$

`„qX$s S>hplfgpg_p bp¡X$uNpX®$ sfuL¡$ qv$ëlu_p ku.ApB.X$u. Mpsp_p X¡$àeyV$u BÞõ`¡¼V$f S>_fg Ap¡a `p¡guk L$pd L$fsp lsp. s¡d_y„ _pd lsy„ S>d_pv$pk `u. rÓ`pW$u. s¡Ap¡ h¡v$ d„Óp¡ÃQpf L$fsp„ S>gph¡gp A[Á_\u fp¡S> A[Á_`|Å L$fsp lsp A_¡ Äepf¡ `Z S>hplfgpg kp\¡ Å¡Mdu S>ÁepA¡ S>hy„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ D`hpk L$fsp. fp„Qudp„ l¡huBg¡[¼V²$L$g L$p¡`p£f¡i_ _pd_u L„$`_udp„ ApN gpNu Ðepf¡ A¡ ApN L¡$d gpNu s¡_u s`pk S>d_pâkpv$ rÓ`pW$u_¡ kp¢`pC. fp„Qu S>C_¡ s`pk v$frdep_ s¡dZ¡ AÞ__p¡ R>p„V$p¡ gu^p¡ _lp¡sp¡. fp¡S> A[Á_rÁ_Ly„$X$udp„ lp¡d L$fsp. k|e®_dõL$pf L$fsp A_¡ k|e®õ_p_ L$fsp„ L$fsp„ âpZped L$fsp lsp. i„L$fpQpe®Æ_¡ A¡L$ hMs s¡d_p„ lh_Ly$„X$ dpV¡$ h¡v$d„Óp¡\u âNV$ph¡gp A[Á_rÁ_dp„\ A[Á_ g¡hp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ s¡dZ¡ S>hplfgpg_p bp¡X$uNpX®$ `pk¡\u A[Á_ dNpìep¡ lsp¡.

D`f_u hps d_¡ 23 hj® `l¡gp„ gM_Ddp„ Nh_®f lpDkdp„ Ad¡ dl¡dp_ b_¡gp Ðepf¡ ep¡NuÆ ùv$e_p\ÆA¡ L$lu lsu. ùv$e_pfpeZÆ gM_D A_¡ qv$ëludp„ dp_k kp^_p d„X$m Qgphsp lsp. s¡d_p¡ D`v¡$i lsp¡ L¡$ dp_hu_p„ vy$Mp¡_p kfm D`pe \C iL¡$, Å¡ dp_hu _uQ¡_u hpsp¡ dp_¡ :

(1) sdpf¡ v$hpAp¡dp„\u Apfp¡Áe ip¡^hp_y„ _\u.
(2) dpÓ Mp¡fpL$dp„\u S> A¡_Æ® dm¡ R>¡ s¡ c°d R>p¡X$hp_p¡ R>¡.
(3) ^_dp„\u kyM dm¡ R>¡ s¡ hps_¡ c|gu S>hp_u R>¡.
(4) `yõsL$p¡dp„\u op_ dmsy„ _\u.
(5) ApSy>bpSy>_p„ kNp„hlpgp„ kv¥$h `p¡sp_p„ S> fl¡hp_p„ R>¡ s¡d dp_hy„ Aop_cey¯ R>¡.

D`f_u `p„Q hpsp¡_¡ dp__pfp kv¥$h kyMu fl¡ R>¡. ùv$e_pfpeZ ep¡NuÆ D`f_u hps L$l¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ dlÒh_u hps s¡Ap¡ Mp¡fpL$ rhj¡ L$l¡ R>¡ s¡ L$p¡C_¡ Nm¡ Esf¡ s¡hu _\u. 30 qX$k¡çbf¡ dy„bC_p A¡L$ AMbpfdp„ kdpQpf R>`pep R>¡ L¡$ lufp fs_ dpZ¡L$ _pd_p 64 hj®_p s`õhuA¡ 365 qv$hk_p D`hpk DL$pm¡gp `pZu A_¡ k|e®i[¼s\u i[¼s d¡mhu_¡ L$ep® R>¡. s¡ kdpQpf¡ d_¡ âpZdyÖp, âpZrQqL$Ðkp, âpZped A_¡ ùv$e_pfpeZ ep¡NuÆ_u hps_u epv$ Ap`u R>¡.

ùv$e_pfpeZ ep¡NuÆ DÑf âv¡$idp„ L$p¢N°¡k_p fpÄe hMs¡ îuâL$piÆ Nh_®f lsp Ðepf¡ s¡d_p„ Nh®_f lpDkdp„ A¡L$ âep¡N L$fhp Aph¡gp. OZp D`hpku gp¡L$p¡ D`hpk L$fu_¡ `\pfudp„ `X$ép fl¡ R>¡ `Z ùv$e_pfpeZÆA¡ Nh_®f_p A„Ns sbubp¡_u v¡$Mf¡M l¡W$m 65 qv$hk Mp¡fpL$ hNf flu_¡ 20 L$gpL$ kss L$pd L$fhp_u A_¡ 6 dpCg Qpghp_u âh©rÑ L$fu bsphu lsu.

DfyguL$p„Q__p X$p¡. kyMhuftkl A_¡ d_¡ s¡d_p Ap âep¡N_y„ r_funZ L$fhp bp¡gph¡gp. DÑf âv¡$i_p Nh_®f_p dl¡dp_ sfuL¡$ Ad¡ s¡d_p N©lkrQh_¡ Of¡ Esep® lsp.

Mp¡fpL$\u A¡_Æ® dmsu _\u. Mp¡fpL$\u dpÓ bp¡X$urb[ëX„$N S> \pe R>¡ s¡hu ep¡NuÆ_u hps blz Ap¡R>p gp¡L$p¡ dp_sp lsp, `Z X$p¡. bpbf¡ d|f _pd_p„ A¡d.X$u. \e¡gp eyfp¡r`e_ drlgp_¡ Ap hps_p¡ `fQp¡ L$fhp_y„ d_ \ey„. Np„^uÆ_¡ dmhp A_¡ cpfs_p L¡$V$gpL$ ep¡NuAp¡_¡ dmhp cpfs Aph¡gp Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡ qldpge Ne¡gp. Ðep„ L¡$V$gpL$ ep¡NuAp¡ `pk¡\u s¡dZ¡ ÅÎey„ L¡$ Mp¡fpL$ hNf gp„bp¡ kde Æhu iL$pe R>¡. s¡dZ¡ âpZdyÖp iuMu A_¡ âpZped iu¿ep. A¡ iu¿ep `R>u s¡Ap¡ BV$pgu A_¡ [õhÐTfg¡ÞX$_p `h®sp¡dp„ 2\u 3 drl_p L$p¡C `Z Mp¡fpL$ hNf afsp lsp. dpÓ sfk gpN¡ sp¡ bfa MpC g¡sp L¡$ bfa_y„ `pZu DL$pmu_¡ `usp.

X$p¡. d|f L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""lz„ D`hpk L$fu_¡ b¡ku fl¡su _l]. fp¡S> lp¡V$¡g_u ê$ddp„\u EW$u_¡ 15 dpCg Qpgsu A_¡ 7,000\u 8,000 awV$ KQp `h®s `f QY$su-Esfsu. OZu hMs 20 dpCg_y„ hp¡qL„$N \C S>sy„.''

X$p¡. bpb®fp L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap`Z¡ _fu Ap„M¡ Å¡CA¡ R>¡ s¡_p„ L$fsp„ k|e® A_¡ lhpdp„ OÏ„ b^y„ R>¡. s¡dp„\u OZu i[¼s âpàs L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

ApS>_u âÅ_¡ K^u fus¡ kdÅhu iL$pe L¡$ `ep®hfZip÷uAp¡ âv|$qjs lhp\u _¡N¡qV$h Akf \pe R>¡ ANf sp¡ fp¡N \pe R>¡ s¡d dp_¡ R>¡ sp¡ Ars iyÙ lhp lp¡e A_¡ s¡ h¥opq_L$ ANf ip÷ue Y$b¡ Ap`Z¡ a¡akp„dp„ gCA¡ sp¡ `p¡qTqV$h Akf \pe L¡$ _l]. X$p¡. bpb®fp d|f L$l¡ R>¡, ""k|e®_p„ qL$fZp¡_y„ L$p¡[õdL$ f¡qX$e¡i_ R>¡ s¡_¡ lz„ ApÐdkps¹ L$fu_¡ s¡_y„ "Mp¡fpL$'dp„ `qfhs®_ L$fu iLy„$ Ry>„. d_¡ qldpge_p dlpÐdp `pk¡\u Ap iuMhp dm¡gy„.''

Mfu fus¡ Ap lufp fs_ dpZ¡L$_p¡ f¡L$X®$ _hp¡ _\u. s¡_p\u `Z h^y L$pm dpV¡$ gp¡L$p¡ Mp¡fpL$ hNf Æìep R>¡, `f„sy kpdpÞe dp_huA¡ L$p„C lufp fs_ dpZ¡L$_u S>¡hu rkrÙ L¡$ L$p¡C "QdÐL$pf' dpV¡$ âeÐ_ L$fhp_p¡ _\u.

s¡dZ¡ Ap kdpQpf \L$u A¡ kdS>hp_y„ R>¡ L¡$ ApS>L$pg gp¡L$p¡ Mp-Mp L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ ky^f¡gp dy[õgdp¡ fp¡Å `pmsp _\u. L¡$V$gpL$ ky^f¡gp S>¥_p¡ `ey®jZdp„ D`hpk L$fsp _\u A_¡ dp¡X$_® rlÞvy$Ap¡ A¡L$pv$iu_p D`hpk L¡$ A¡L$V$pZp„ L$fsp _\u, s¡d_¡ fp¡L$hp dpV¡$ Ap kdpQpf blz dÅ_p R>¡. ^prd®L$ L$pfZp¡kf _l] `Z Apfp¡Áe_p l¡sykf Ap b^u rhr^Ap¡ kpfu lsu.

kQu_ s¢Xy$gL$f A_¡ ky_ug NphkL$f d¡Q_¡ qv$hk¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ Mpe R>¡. k„ip¡^_ rhop_uAp¡ Mp^p hNf kàspl ky^u g¡bp¡f¡V$fudp„ cfpC fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ OZp Apeyh£v$_p h¥v$p¡ `p¡s¡ S> Ap¥j^u_p âep¡N L$fhp Mp¡fpL$ hNf fl¡sp lsp. ApS>¡ h¥v$p¡ Aphu kp^_p L$fsp _\u s¡\u S> s¡d_y„ h¥vy„$ Qpgsy„ _\u. S>¡_y„ Qpg¡ R>¡ s¡dp„_p„ dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ rsL$X$d¹ R>¡.

cfsLy$dpf cË$ _pd_p BS>_¡f 9 hj® `l¡gp„ kyfs _ÆL$ D^_p Nep lsp. Ðep„ A¡L$ cpC S>¡ ep¡Nu_u S>¡d fl¡sp lsp s¡ d¡V$qgrS>L$g BS>_¡f dþep. 70 hj®_p lsp. S>d®_u S>C_¡ s¡Ap¡ AdyL$ V¡$¼kV$pBg diu_fu_p õ`¡f`pV®$ b_phhp_y„ iuMu Apìep lsp. Ap ep¡Nu-BS>_¡f¡ cfsLy$dpf_¡ `p¡sp_¡ Of¡ S>dhp_y„ Apd„ÓZ Apàey„. cfscpC Of¡ Nep sp¡ V¡$bg D`f A¡L$ S> \pmu `ufku lsu. dl¡dp_¡ `|R¹>ey„ L¡$d? sp¡ `yÓh^|A¡ L$üy„, v$pv$pÆ (kkfp) sp¡ 8 hj®\u S>dsp„ S> _\u. s¡Ap¡ ep¡N, âpZped A_¡ Ýep_ L$f¡ R>¡.

L¡$rgap¡r_®epdp„ b°û rhÛp qdi_ R>¡. Ðep„ Nyfy Äep¡rs®dep_„v¡$ b°ûrhÛp iuMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡sp„ L¡$ dp_hu s¡_p„ a¡akp„_u S>¡ i[¼s R>¡ s¡_u dpÓ 10 V$L$p i[¼s S> hp`f¡ R>¡. Å¡ s¡ a¡akp„_u `|fu i[¼s hp`f¡ sp¡ s¡_y„ gp¡lu Ars iyÙ \pe. fp¡N \pe _l] A_¡ Ap¡R>p Mp¡fpL$\u Æhu iL¡$.

cpfs kfL$pf_u V¡$qgL$p¡d a¡¼V$fudp„ L$pd L$fu_¡ r_h©Ñ \e¡gp h¥Û bgh„s Qp¥lpZ âpZdyÖp, ep¡N A_¡ A¡¼eyâ¡if\u fp¡N dV$pX¡$ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ õdfZi[¼s h^pfhp L$p¡C v$hp Ap`sp„ _\u, `Z ep¡Áe âL$pf¡ ðpk g¡sp„ iuMh¡ R>¡ _¡fgdp„ `_h¡g fp¡X$ D`f fpd_p\_ _pd_p ÅZL$pf `Z âpZi[¼s_p D`pkL$ R>¡.

h¥Û bgfpd Qp¥lpZ¡ d_¡ iuMìey„ L¡$ R>¡ëg¡ b¡ Ap„Nmu (V$Qgu A_¡ bpSy>_u Ap„Nmu)_¡ hpmu_¡ A„N|W$p_u kp\¡ v$bphu_¡ A„N|W$p bpSy>_u b¡ Ap„Nmu_¡ V$Ë$pf fpMhp\u âpZdyÖp b_¡ R>¡. ApQpe® L¡$ihv¡$h Ap âpZdyÖp \L$u S> rhÛp\u®Ap¡ `p¡sp_u õdfZi[¼s ky^pfu iL¡$ s¡ dpV¡$ dv$v$ L$fsp lsp.

Ap b^y„ bsph¡ R>¡ L¡$ ifuf_u A¡_Æ® L¡$ L¡$V$guL$ i[¼sAp¡ dpÓ Mp¡fpL$\u Aphsu _\u. Adv$phpv$_p lufp fs_ dpZ¡L$_p¡ Apcpf dp_hp¡ Å¡CA¡ L¡$ cpfs_u âpQu_ rhÛp_¡ s¡dZ¡ `pR>u kÆh_ L$fhp_p¡ dp¡L$p¡ Apàep¡ R>¡.

ùv$e_pfpeZÆ ep¡Nu hj®dp„ blz Ap¡Ry>„ Mpsp A_¡ 24,000 dpCg_p¡ `Nâhpk L$fsp lsp. blz S> BÃR>p \pe Ðepf¡ Mpsp lsp. 1949dp„ ùv$e_pfpeZ¡ gM_Ddp„ f¡i_L$pX®$ Ap`¡gy„ s¡ s¡Ap¡ drl_pAp¡ ky^u hp`fsp _l]. Ofdp„ blz Ap¡R>p¡ Q|gp¡ `¡V$sp¡. s¡Ap¡ `pR>p L$p¡C g¡cpNy ep¡Nu _lp¡sp.

1937dp„ qagk|au kp\¡ Agplpbpv$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„\u buA¡ L$f¡gy„. s¡d_¡ s¡d_p L$p¡g¡S>_p qdÓ A_¡ `R>u ep¡Nu b_u Ne¡gp `„qX$s bv$fu_p\ rÓ`pW$u dmu Nep. s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_y„ ùv$e fp¡L$u iL$sp lsp.

ùv$e_pfpeZÆA¡ fpdpeZ A_¡ fpdpeZL$pm_p¡ KX¡$\u Aæepk L$ep£ Ðepf¡ s¡d_¡ âsus \ey„ L¡$, "cp¡S>_ d¢ i[¼s _l] l¥, ^_ d¢ kyM _l] l¥, `yõsL$ d¢ op_ _l] l¥.'

Agplpbpv$dp„ kfL$pfu _p¡L$fudp„ s¡Ap¡ V²$pÞkg¡V$f lsp A_¡ Mp^p hNf S> S>qV$g X$p¡¼eyd¡ÞV$p¡_p„ cpjp„sf L$fsp„ L$fsp„ ep¡N iu¿ep. ApS>¡ s¡Ap¡ Æh¡ R>¡ L¡$ _l] s¡ Mbf _\u. `Z s¡d_¡ dþep¡ Ðepf_u X$pefu d_¡ AQp_L$ lp\ gpNu NC. s¡dZ¡ fpdpeZ_¡ V$p„L$u_¡ L$üy„, fpdQ„v$ÆA¡ h_hpk L$ep£ Ðepf¡ cfs¡ Mphp_y„ R>p¡X$u v$u^¡gy„. ifuf vy$b®m \C Ne¡gy„. `Z R>sp„ s¡ bpZrhÛp kQp¡V$ AS>dphsp. ùv$e_pfpeZÆA¡ d_¡ kgpl Ap`¡gu L¡$ L$v$u S> tQsp _ L$fhu. b^y„ S> cNhp_ k„cpmu g¡ R>¡. tQsp S>¡hy„ gpN¡ Ðepf¡ Mphp_y„ R>p¡X$u v¡$hy„. worry is a corrosive thought and implies lack of faith in grace of god. A\p®s¹ tQsp A¡ s_-d__¡ L$p¡fu Mp_pf QuS> R>¡ A_¡ tQsp L$f_pfp_u Cðf_u i[¼sdp„ îÙp Ap¡R>u S>Zpe R>¡.

b°¡ÞÅqd_ ä¡ÞL$rg_ S>¡hp Ad¡qfL$_ fpS>`yfyj A¡f-bp\ g¡sp lsp. r_eqds hpeyõ_p_\u i[¼s h^pfsp s¡d X$p¡. lb®V® i¡ëV$_ gM¡ R>¡. i¡ëV$_ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ budpf lp¡e Ðepf¡ âpZuAp¡ Mphp_y„ R>p¡X$u v¡$ R>¡. dpÓ dp_h S> Mp Mp L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ "ap[õV„$N Ad„N ^ gp¡Af A¡q_dëk'_p âL$fZdp„ g¿ey„ R>¡ L¡$ Ohpe¡gp¡ lp\u S>„Ngdp„ buÅ lp\u Mpsp lp¡e sp¡ `Z `p¡s¡ Mphp_y„ R>p¡X$u v¡$ R>¡.

S|>_p kdedp„ Akuqfep, `ri®ep, b¡qbgp¡_, N°uk, fp¡d, cpfs, `¡g¡õV$pB_, Qu_ A_¡ DÑf eyfp¡`_p vy$BX$ gp¡L$p¡ ^prd®L$ D`hpk L$fsp. Ad¡qfL$p_u d|m âÅ S>¡ "B[ÞX$e_' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe R>¡ s¡ ^prd®L$ D`hpk L$f¡ R>¡. lÅfp¡ ÅrsAp¡dp„ gÁ__¡ qv$hk¡ hfL$Þep D`hpk L$f¡ R>¡. fp¡d_ QQ®dp„ apõV$X¡$eT (D`hpk_p qv$hk) A_¡ b°ûQe®_p qv$hkp¡ lp¡e R>¡.

X$p¸. lb®V$® i¡ëV$_ s¡d_p `yõsL$ "^ lpBS>¡q_L$ rkõV$d- Ap¡\p£V²$p¡au'dp„ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ N°uL$ qagp¡kp¡af kp¡¾¡$qV$k A_¡ àg¡V$p¡ A¡L$kp\¡ v$k qv$hk ky^u Mp^p hNf fl¡sp„ `R>u `yõsL$ gMsp L¡$ D`v¡$i Ap`sp. `pe\pNp¡fk _pd_p buÅ qagk|a¡ eyr_hrk®V$u Ap¡a A¡g¡L$¹Tp[ÞX²$_u `funp Ap`hp S>sp„ `l¡gp„ 40 qv$hk_p D`hpk L$f¡gp. 1866dp„ b°yL$qg_ (Þeyep¡L®$ õV¡$V$)_u d¡fu S>¡. äpÞQ¡f 13 hj® ky^u (1866\u 1879) Mp¡fpL$ hNf flu lsu. s¡_¡ Þeyep¡L®$_p d¡rS>õV²¡$V$, `pv$fuAp¡ A_¡ X$p¡¼V$fp¡A¡ s`pku lsu A_¡ ¼gu_ âdpZ`Ó Ap`¡gy„.

Mfu fus¡ D`hpk_y„ dplpÐçe kdÅhhp dpV¡$ Ap`Zp cpfs_p hpQL$p¡_¡ ApV$gp„ b^p„ âdpZp¡ Ap`hp_u S>ê$f _\u. Ap`Z¡ D`hpk_p õV„$V$ L$fhp _\u, `f„sy Ap`Z¡ b¡ V„$L$ Mphp hÃQ¡_p Npmpdp„ dpÓ kps L$gpL$_p D`hpk L$fu_¡ rdsplpf L$fuA¡ sp¡e OÏ„ R>¡.>A¡ v$fçep_dp„ L$p¡gp_p„ `uZp„, S>¡L$äzV$ hN¡f¡ _ MpCA¡ sp¡ `Z OÏ„ R>¡. ApS>_p„ bpmL$p¡ dpV¡$ lh¡ `¡àku-D`hpk L$fphhp S>ê$fu R>¡. Ap`Zu cpfsue Apfp¡Áe `Ùrs kp\¡ ^d® Å¡X$pep¡ R>¡. `Z D`hpk_¡ lh¡ rhv¡$i_p OZp _¥krN®L$ i[¼sdp„ dp__pfp rhQpfL$p¡ `Z h¥opr_L$ dp_¡ R>¡.

Ap`_¡ Ap g¡M L$¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?