The world 100 metres champion tested positive for the banned stimulant nikethamide at a meeting in Europe earlier this season.
The American athlete will miss the Athens Olympics after her appeal against a two-year drugs ban was dismissed
Jamaica's Veronica Campbell won the 100 metres title following a blanket finish to the final and chaotic scenes at the world championships on Monday.
The United States held off Jamaica in a thrilling finish to win the women's 4x100 metres relay at the world championships on Saturday.
With only the first three sure to qualify for Saturday's semi-finals, Devers squeezed through as the fourth next-fastest.
Both athletes are involved in the ongoing doping investigations.