The 37-year-old Mikel Arteta played for Arsenal from 2011 to 2016 before moving to Manchester City as assistant manager, where he won the Premier League twice.
Wenger departed in May after 22 years in charge having endured a barrage of criticism in the latter part of his reign for a tactical approach that resulted in 14 seasons without a Premier League title.
"This was one of the reasons why I took this opportunity. To train with all these personalities and this talent."
The 46-year-old has been hired to fill the sizeable void left by the departure of Frenchman Arsene Wenger who had been at the Arsenal helm since 1996.
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