Conservation group Coast and Country said that it has filed an appeal to the Supreme Court of Queensland for a judicial review.
The mine got the sign-off from Environment Minister Greg Hunt in October after the company cleared concerns about two rare outback species
The lobby objected to the Indian mining giant's $16.5 bn Carmichael project.
The key hurdle Adani needs to clear to secure loans for the Carmichael mine, rail and port project is dredging approval to expand its Abbot Point port.
Coast and Country challenged Adani's plans to build biggest mine in the Galilee Basin.