Adiga, who wanted to be a novelist since he was a boy, was born in Madras (now known as Chennai) and now lives in Mumbai.
He becomes the fifth Indian author to win the prize, joining V S Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai who won the prize in 1971, 1981, 1997 and 2006 respectively.
In addition, The White Tiger is the ninth winning novel to take its inspiration from India or Indian identity.
His book, The White Tiger, has been published by Atlantic Books and has already won rave reviews.
Image: The White Tiger is pictured at a photocall in London.
Photograph: Leon Neal/AFP/Getty Images
'Dangers of ignoring India's poor are greater'
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