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| lp¡d`¡S> | h^y kdpQpfp¡ | qfqX$a d¡mp¡ | >iåv$k„N | ||
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• _¡V$ `f Q¡V$ • dyipefp¡ • X$pefp¡ • gh õV$p¡fu |
bL$pfu (÷utgN) : EgV$u \pe A¡hu gpNZu, EbL$p¡
- - - bL$pfu_¡ bL$fu, b¡L$pfu L¡$ bL$ (bNgp) kp\¡ L$p¡C k„b„^ _\u. EgV$u \pe s¡hu gpNZu_y„ phonetic ê$` R>¡. Aphp¡ S> A¡L$ buÅ¡ iåv$ R>¡ R>uR>pfu. - - - `pZudp„ kX$u_¡ awgu Ne¡gu gpi Å¡sp„ S> s¡_¡ bL$pfu Aphu NC. • • • argsp\® (`y[ëg„N) : (1) k|rQsp\®, _u`S>sp¡ A\®, (2) `qfZpd - - - S>¡d buS>dp„\u R>p¡X$ EN¡, h©n b_¡ A_¡ R>¡hV¡$ s¡_p `f am Aph¡ s¡ A¡L$ `qfZpd `Z R>¡, A¡L$ âq¾$ep_y„ N°lu iL$pe s¡hy„ spfZ `Z R>¡. s¡ S> A\®dp„ argsp\® A¡V$g¡ args \sp¡ A\®, _u`S>_y„ `qfZpd. - - - ApMp `yõsL$_p¡ argsp\® A¡V$gp¡ S> R>¡ L¡$ `yõsL$uey„ op_ `|fsy„ _\u. • • • aX$_huk (`y[ëg„N) : (1) kfL$pfu v$ãsf_p¡ hX$p¡ Ar^L$pfu, (2) rlkpbu Mpsp_p¡ Adgv$pf - - - dlpfpô²$dp„ aX$_huk AV$L$ lp¡e R>¡. hX$p¡v$fpdp„ dfpW$u fpS> v$frdep_ Ap iåv$ NyS>fpsudp„ Apìep¡ lp¡hp_u i¼esp R>¡. - - - S>Þd_p¡ v$pMgp¡ _h¡kf\u L$Y$phhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ A¡ aX$_huk_u L$Q¡fudp„ S>hy„ `X$i¡. • • • ârZ`ps (`y[ëg„N) : kpô$p„N _dõL$pf - - - âZdhy„ A¡V$g¡ _dõL$pf L$fhp, _dhy„. ârZ`ps A¡V$g¡ k„`|Z®`Z¡, ApW¡$ A„N TyL$phu_¡ _dõL$pf L$fhp. Äepf¡ `rZ`s (÷utgN)_p¡ A\® ApÆÆ \pe R>¡. - - - NyfyÆ fõspdp„ dm¡ sp¡ b¡ lp\ Å¡X$u _dõL$pf L$fu g¡hp, L$pfZ L¡$ ârZ`ps L$fhpdp„ kde A_¡ L$`X$p„ b„_¡ bNX$i¡. • • • âNëc (rhi¡jZ) : (1) cìe, (2) N„cuf, (3) `y¿s, (4) _uX$f, (5) r_g®ÄS>, kplrkL$ audations, (6) DÙs, (7) Arcdp_u - - - kpdpÞe fus¡ `y¿she¡ `lp¢Q¡gu W$f¡g âcphipmu ÷u dpV¡$ âNëcp A¡hp¡ iåv$ h`fpe R>¡. A¡ rkhpe_u AÞe A\®R>pepAp¡ `Z `y¿ssp kp\¡ S> k„L$mpe¡gu R>¡. - - - Brisp_u Jdf dpÓ 19 hj®_u lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡_p„ hpZu-hs®_ A_¡ rhQpfp¡ Mpõkp„ âNëc lsp„. • • • ipL$Z, ipL$Zu, ipqL$_u (÷utgN) : X$pL$Z, a witch - - - "îp` sp¡ ksu_p am¡, i„MZu_p _l]'. L$l¡hs kp„cmu_¡ A¡d gpN¡ L¡$ i„MZu A¡V$g¡ Ly$ëV$p. `Z _p. L$L®$ip, hY$L$Zu A_¡ ifd _ fpM_pfu ÷u_¡ i„MZu L$l¡ R>¡. A¡ fus¡ ipL$Z "ip¡¼e'_¡ L$l¡sp li¡. (`rs_u AÞe `Ð_u L¡$ â¡rdL$p_¡) A_¡ A¡V$g¡ S> s¡_p¡ A\® X$pL$Z \sp¡ li¡. - - - d„R>pX$u_u Ap„Mp¡ sp¡ Sy>Ap¡! _fu ipL$Z gpN¡ R>¡. S>ê$f L„$CL$ Åvy$-V$p¡Zp¡ ÅZsu li¡. • • • hgp¡Zphpf (`y[ëg„N) : v$l] hgp¡hhp_p¡ r_ròs qv$hk hgp¡Zphpf¡ (Aìee) hpf„hpf, very often - - - S>¡_¡ Ðep„ v|$TÏ„ lp¡e (Npe-c¢i lp¡e) s¡ Of¡ v$f b¡ L¡$ ÓZ qv$hk¡ v$l] hgp¡hu_¡ dpMZ L$pY$hp_y„ \pe. Ap qv$hk_¡ hgp¡Zphpf L$l¡ R>¡. ApS>L$pg f¡qäS>f¡V$fp¡ A_¡ qäS>fp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡L$pv$ qv$hk ApOp¡`pR>p¡ \pe sp¡ hp„^p¡ _\u Aphsp¡. - - - Ap s¡ L$C Ås_p dl¡dp_? hgp¡Zphpf¡ Aphu S> `lp¢Ãep kdÅ¡! • • • gLy„$cp¡, gL|„$cp¡ (`y[ëg„N) : (L$V$pndp„) apev$p_p A\®dp„ gpX$hp¡ L¡$ L$p¡rmep¡ - - - `l¡gu hpf kp„cþep¡ L¡$ hp„Ãep¡ lp¡e sp¡ A¡_u d¡m¡ A\® õ`ô$ \C Åe R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ kp„cmp¡ Ðepf¡! - - - rdr_õV$fkpl¡b_u ApNspõhpNspdp„ qv$hk-fps MX¡$ `N¡ lpS>f füp, R>¡hV¡$ iy„ gLy„$cp gu^p? • • • dp¡b¡v$ (`y[ëg„N) : `pfkuAp¡_p¡ `yfp¡rls; a priest of the parsee community. - - - `pfkuAp¡_p `p¡sp_p qfhpÅ¡ R>¡. `p¡sp_u ^prd®L$ rhr^Ap¡ R>¡. Ap b^u rhr^Ap¡ L$fphu Ap`_pf_¡ s¡Ap¡ dp¡b¡v$ L$l¡ R>¡. - - - s¡ rhv¡$idp„ ER>ep£ lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ `pfku gÁ_rhr^_u Mbf _lp¡su. `Z s¡Z¡ d_p¡d_ _½$u L$ey¯ L¡$ ArNepfudp„ dp¡b¡v$ L$l¡ s¡d L$ep® L$fhy„. • • • r_ó`rÑ (÷utgN) : (1) kdp[às, A„s (2) r_óL$j® (3) rkrÙ, âp[às; (1) the end (2) conclusion (3) accomplishment - - - Ap`rÑ, rh`rÑ _¡ A„s¡ Aph¡ r_ó`rÑ. `f„sy r_ó`rÑ A¡V$g¡ rh`v$p_p¡, k„L$V$_p¡ A„s dpÓ _l]. kp\¡ L„$CL$ d¡mhhp_p¡, âpàs L$fhp_p¡, ÅZhp_p¡, `pdhp_p¡ cph `Z s¡dp„ fl¡gp¡ R>¡. - - - ApV$gu gp„bu epÓp_u r_ó`rÑ iy„? d|rs®_p„ v$i®_ L¡$ epÓp_p¡ Ap_„v$? • • • r_jpv$ (`y[ëg„N) : (1) ip÷ue k„Nus_p kps k|fp¡dp„_p¡ R>¡ëgp¡ k|f (2) dpR>udpf (3) riL$pf `f _csp¡ Apqv$hpku - - - dpR>udpf A_¡ Apqv$hpkudp„ A¡L$ kpçesp Mfu. b„_¡ riL$pfu R>¡ : A¡L$ v$qfep_p¡, A¡L$ S>„Ng_p¡. `f„sy kpsdp k|f_y„ _pd r_jpv$ ip L$pfZ¡ `X$éy„ li¡? - - - tlkp L$p¡Z L$f¡ R>¡? dpR>gu `L$X$_pfp¡ r_jpv$ L¡$ dpR>gu Apfp¡N_pfp¡ OfpL$? • • • r_hp`p„S>rg (÷utgN) : îÙp„S>rg, a sincere tribute - - - "Ap`' A¡V$g¡ `pZu. r_hpe A\p®s¹ `pZu rh_p_u A„S>rg. "Ap`' A¡V$g¡ `p¡sp_u Ås A\hp "lz„'`Zp_p¡ cph `Z \pe. A¡ A\®dp„ r_hp`p„S>rg_¡ humblest tribute `Z L$lu iL$pe. - - - Cðf kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Apîev$psp R>¡. Ap _p_L$X$p¡ A_p\pîd sp¡ Cðf_¡ A¡L$ r_hp`p„S>rg dpÓ R>¡. • • • Ûphp`©r\hu (_`y„kL$ tgN blzhQ_) : (1) õhN® A_¡ `©Õhu (2) ApL$pi L¡$ ^fsu; the heaven, and/or the earth. - - - ^fsu\u ApL$pi A_¡ d©Ðeygp¡L$\u õhN®gp¡L$_p ìep`_¡ kdphsp¡ Ap iåv$ hpf„hpf hp„Qhp-kp„cmhpdp„ Aphsp¡ _\u. Ûp hp `©r\hu : õhN® L¡$ ^fsu. - - - ApÐdp_¡ iy„ a¡f, Ûphp`©r\hu? • • • Ûp¡sL$ (rhi¡jZ) : âL$pidp„ gph_pfy„, k|QL$, v$i®L$; bringing into life, suggesting. - - - `yõsL$p¡_u âõsph_pAp¡ s\p rhh¡Q_p¡dp„ R|>V$\u h`fpsp¡ Ap iåv$ `yõsL$pgep¡ L¡$ kcpM„X$p¡_u blpf _uL$mu iL¡$ s¡hu k„cph_p Ap¡R>u R>¡. A_¡ Ap S> L$pfZkf s¡_u A\®R>pepAp¡ h^su Åe s¡hu i¼esp R>¡. - - - âp¡a¡kf_p¡ Ap dlpr_b„^ dÝeL$pgu_ kprlÐe_p AæepkyAp¡ dpV¡$ Ûp¡sL$ _uhX$i¡. • • • Ûyrs (÷utgN) : s¡S>, QdL$, ¾$p„rs; luster, brightness - - - "Ûp¥'_p b¡ A\® R>¡- ApL$pi A_¡ õhN®. "Ûygp¡L$' A¡V$g¡ `Z õhN®. Apd Ûyrs_p¡ ku^p¡ A\® s¡S>, QdL$, L$p„rs, Mfp¡; `Z iåv$_u Apk`pk õhN® A_¡ ApL$pi_u Apcp fl¡gu R>¡. - - - b¡ S> nZ `l¡gp„ Al] A„^pfy„ lsy„. `Z Aàkfp_p ApNd_ kp\¡ S> Qpf¡ sfa A¡L$ A_p¡Mu Ûyrs a¡gpC NC. • • • Û|s (_`y„kL$ tgN) : Sy>Npf, gambling. - - - dlpcpfs_u L$\pdp„ L$p¥fhp¡ A_¡ `p„X$hp¡ isf„S>_p M¡gdp„ S>¡ S|>NVy„$ fçep s¡_¡ dpV¡$ S> Û|s iåv$ kurds \C Nep¡ gpN¡ R>¡. ApS>¡ fdpsp Sy>Npf_u ^„^pv$pfu iåv$phrg S> AgN R>¡ : byL$u, `„V$f, cph, hgZ... - - - gpk-h¡Npk_p„ Sy>NpfMp_p„Ap¡_¡ Û|spNpf L$lu iL$pe A_¡ ApMu _Nfu_¡ Û|s_Nfu L$lu iL$pe. Û|s A¡ Ap il¡f_y„ QpgL$bm R>¡. • • • V„$X¡$g (`y[ëg„N) : hlpZ_p¡ kyL$p_, a ship's helsman - - - v$qfepM¡Xy$ âÅdp„ V„$X¡$g A¡ dp__ue ìe[¼s NZpe R>¡. Ap\u A¡L$ `¡V$poprs_¡ V„$X¡$g L$l¡hpe R>¡. V„$X¡$g AV$L$ `Z lp¡e R>¡. hlpZ_y„ kyL$p_ k„cpmhp_y„ L$pd k|T A_¡ kdS>v$pfu dpNu g¡ R>¡ s¡\u Npd_p AN°Zu L¡$ _¡sp_¡ `Z V„$X¡$g L$l¡ R>¡. - - - `h_ `pfMu_¡ kyL$p_ a¡fh¡ s¡ S> kpQp¡ V„$X¡$g. • • • V$`|rkep„ (_`y„kL$ tgN blzhQ_) : (1) apV¡$gp„, ÆZ® `NfMp„ (2) v$p¡fu rh_p_p„ M|gsp„ `NfMp„ slippers, loose stringless shoes (3) A_pS> E`Zsp„ k|`X$p_¡ dfpsp„ V$`gp„ - - - dpÓ s¡_p fZL$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ h`fpsp¡ lp¡e s¡hp¡ sm`v$u iåv$. apV¡$gp„ L¡$ v$p¡fu rh_p_p„ `NfMp„ `l¡fu_¡ Qpgsp„ S>¡ AhpS> \pe A\hp k|`X$p hX¡$ A_pS> E`Zsu hMs¡ S>¡ V$`L$pfp \pe s¡_p AhpÅ¡_p¡ Ap iåv$ bfpbf `X$Op¡ `pX¡$ R>¡. - - - Ofdp„ k|sp„ k|sp„ s¡_¡ b„_¡ V$`|rkep„_p AhpS> k„cmpsp. Ap¡V$g¡ Ap„V$p dpfsp fOgp_p„ A_¡ bpfZ¡ b¡ku k|`X$p hX¡$ A_pS> TpV$L$su X$p¡iudp_p. • • • V$pV$ (`y[ëg„N) : dp¡V$u R>uR>fu \pmu, a large shallow dish, V$pV$ (_`y„kL$ tgN), iZ_y„ L$p`X$, gunny - - - A¡L$ S> iåv$ b¡ kph Sy>v$u Sy>v$u hõsy dpV¡$ h`fpsp¡ lp¡e s¡_y„ Ap Dv$plfZ R>¡. gp¡L$bp¡gu_p OZp iåv$p¡ L$p¡C A\®, ìeyÐ`rÑ L¡$ k„v$c® rh_p kÅ®C S>sp lp¡e R>¡. v$rnZ NyS>fpsdp„ "`u_¡ V$pV$' \C Nep¡ A¡d L$l¡hpe R>¡. "V$pV$' A¡ "V$pBV$'_p¡ A`c°„i lp¡hp_u i¼esp R>¡. - - - (1) s`¡gudp„ v|$^ TV$ W„$Xy„$ _l] `X¡$, \p¡X$u hpf dpV¡$ s¡_¡ V$pV$dp„ f¡X$p¡. (2) Nfubu Of_p v$fhpS>¡\u S> QpX$u Mpsu lsu; S>¡ V$pV$_u N|Zp¡ b_su lp¡e s¡ V$pV$_p Al] `fv$p lsp. • • • NS>N°pl (`y[ëg„N) : DN° fkpL$ku, tug of war - - - N°pl_p b¡ A\® R>¡. (1) dNf, a crocodile or an aligator (2) `L$X$, grip or hold. A¡V$g¡ "NS>N°pl' iåv$_y„ rQÓpÐdL$ ×ô$p„s `Z A¡hy„ A`pe R>¡ L¡$ ÅZ¡ dNf¡ lp\u_p¡ `N `L$X$ép¡ lp¡e A_¡ b„_¡ hÃQ¡ M¢QpspZu Qpgsu lp¡e s¡hu DN° fkpL$ku. - - - `n_p b¡ dp¡V$p _¡spAp¡ hÃQ¡ dy¿ed„Óu`v$ dpV¡$ NS>N°pl Åçep¡. • • • MN°pk (`y[ëg„N) : k|e®, Q„Ö A\hp N°l_y„ k„`|Z® N°lZ, total eclips - - - N°pk A¡V$g¡ Nmu S>hy„ s¡. N°pk A¡V$g¡ L$p¡rmep¡ `Z L$l¡hpe. N°lZ\u O¡fpe¡gp k|e® L¡$ Q„Ö_p cpN_¡ `Z N°pk L$l¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S> k„`|Z® N°lZ_¡ MN°pk N°lZ A_¡ AdyL$ cpN_p N°lZ_¡ M„X$N°pk N°lZ L$l¡hpe R>¡. - - - `|_d_p¡ Q„Ö Äepf¡ `©Õhu_p `X$R>pepdp„ `|f¡`|fp¡ Y„$L$pC Åe Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ MN°pk N°lZ L$l¡hpe R>¡. • • • dlpArcep¡N (`y[ëg„N) : dp¡Vy„$ v$p¡jpfp¡`Z, dp¡V$p¡ Apfp¡` (Mpk L$fu_¡ fpÄe_p L$d®Qpfu Üpfp fpÄe rhfyÙ_p Ny_pkf), impeachment - - - Äepf¡ V$u.A¡_. i¡j_ cpfs_p Q|„V$Zu L$rdi_f lsp Ðepf¡ s¡d_p D`f dlpArcep¡N gNpX$hp dpV¡$ k„kv$dp„ âõsph Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡ hMs¡ impeachment dpV¡$ Ap iåv$_p¡ AMbpfp¡dp„ R|>V$\u D`ep¡N \ep¡ lsp¡. - - - L$d®QpfuA¡ kfL$pfu rsÅ¡fudp„\u Qp¡fu L$fu lp¡e sp¡ s¡ kpdpÞe Apfp¡` L$l¡hpe, `f„sy Å¡ s¡Z¡ b„^pfZ_y„ Ål¡fdp„ A`dp_ L$ey¯ lp¡e sp¡ s¡ dlpArcep¡N_¡ `pÓ R>¡. • • • h©ÑrQÓ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : dprlsu Ap^pqfs QgrQÓ, v$õsph¡Æ QgrQÓ, a documentry film - - - qaëdp¡ iê$Aps\u S> d_p¡f„S>__y„ S> kp^_ lsu, `f„sy s¡ Æhsp¡ÅNsp¡ v$õsph¡S> `Z lsu. A¡V$g¡ v$õsph¡Æ rQÓp¡_y„ dlÒh hÝey„. A„N°¡Ædp„ documentry A_¡ feature film dpV¡$ NyS>fpsudp„ h©ÑrQÓ A_¡ L$\prQÓ h`fpe R>¡. - - - dpa L$fÅ¡, "dp¡Ng¡-ApTd' L¡$ "_|fS>lp„' dpÓ d_p¡f„S>L$ L$\prQÓp¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ h©ÑrQÓp¡ _ L$lu iL$pe. • • • kpd„S>õe (_`y„kL$ tgN) : ep¡Áesp, Ap¥rQÐe; properness - - - ep¡Áesp dpV¡$_p¡ h^y ep¡Áe iåv$ A_¡ DrQs`Zp dpV¡$_p¡ h^y DrQs iåv$, S>¡ Mfp`Zp_u ìep¿epdp„ `|f¡`|fp¡ Mfp¡ Esf¡ s¡hp¡ _\u. - - - fpS>Ly$dpf cg¡ k¡_p_u ApN¡hp_u L$fsp lp¡e, `f„sy s¡d_¡ k¡_p`rs L$l¡hpdp„ kpd„S>õe S>mhpsy„ _\u. • • • ApÛpnfp¡/ApÛpnf (`y[ëg„N/`y[ëg„N blzhQ_) : â\d Anfp¡, âpf„c_p Anfp¡, initial letters, first letters (2) â\d Anfp¡\u b_sp¡ iåv$, acronym - - - A„N°¡Ædp„ D.K. Patel gMsp \ep `R>u b.L$. W$pL$p¡f A\hp L¡$.L$p. ip÷u A¡d gMphy„ iê$ \ey„ li¡. `f„sy NASA L¡$ laser _u S>¡d ìehlpfdp„ NyS>fpsu V|„$L$p õhê$`p¡ QgZdp„ Ap¡R>p„ R>¡. lp, NrZsdp„ g.kp.A., Ny.kp.A. (gOysd kp^pfZ Aheh, Nyfysd kp^pfZ Ahehp¡) S>¡hy„ cZhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. - - - `pfkcpC X$püpcpC `V¡$g S>¡hy„ _pd lp¡e Ðepf¡ A„N°¡Æ ApÛpnfp¡ S> kpfp gpN¡! • • • h¥^-Ah¥^ (rhi¡jZ) : dpÞe-AdpÞe, Ar^L©$s-A_r^L©$s, authorised-unauthorised (2) rhr^hs¹-rhr^frls, ceremonius-unceremonius - - - b„_¡ iåv$p¡_p¡ v$f¡L$ âL$pf_p ip÷p¡dp„ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. Apeyh£v$dp„ Mphy„-_ Mphy„ dpV¡$ h`fpe R>¡, Äepf¡ ^prd®L$ rhr^Ap¡dp„ Ap iåv$p¡ NpdX$p_p c|hpAp¡ ky^u `lp¢Qu Nep R>¡. - - - Ly$mv¡$hsp_¡ fpÆ L$fhp O¡V$p„_p¡ h^ L$fhp¡ A¡ sdpfp `„\dp„ cg¡ h¥^ NZpe, Adpfp `„\dp„ Ah¥^ NZpe R>¡. • • • d|s®-Ad|s® (rhi¡jZ) : kpL$pf-r_fpL$pf, ApL$pfhpmy„-Qp¡½$k ApL$pf rh_p_y„, concrete-abstract - - - Äepf¡ Ap^yr_L$ rQÓL$gpdp„ hpõsrhL$ ApL$pfp¡_p A_yL$fZ\u lV$u_¡ dpÓ A_yc|rs Ecu L$fhp_p Apie\u âep¡Np¡ \ep s¡_¡ abstract-art A¡V$g¡ L¡$ Ad|s®-L$gp_y„ _pd A`pey„. A„N°¡Ædp„ s¡_p¡ A\® kpfp„i L¡$ sÕe S>¡hp¡ \pe R>¡ s¡ NyS>fpsudp„ _ Esep£. - - - Ap^yr_L$ rië`u `Õ\fp¡_¡ ApL$pf sp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡, `Z s¡_u L$gp_u rhcph_p Ad|s® S> fl¡ R>¡. • • • DÃQc°y (rhi¡jZ) : buÅAp¡_¡ syÃR> dp_hp_p¡ (ArcNd), highbrow - - - A„N°¡Ædp„\u iåv$i: Esfu Aphsp¡ Ap iåv$ kpdpÞe dpZk_¡ _ kdÅe s¡hp¡ DÃQc°y S> gpN¡ R>¡. c°dfp¡ KQu fpMu_¡, Ap„Mp¡ AX$^u buX¡$gu fpMu_¡ hps L$fsp Ddfphp¡_y„ ârstbb highbrowdp„ sfs õ`ô$ \pe R>¡. - - - dp¡V$p Aakfp¡ s¡d_p DÃQc°y hgZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Nfubp¡_u kdõep_p d|m ky^u _\u `lp¢Qu iL$sp. • • • k„â¡jZ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : âÐepe_, Apv$p_-âv$p_, k„hpv$, communication - - - `Óìehlpfdp„ To A_¡ From dpV¡$ ârs A_¡ â¡jL$ h`fpe R>¡. k„â¡jZ iåv$ â¡jZ A¡V$g¡ "dp¡L$ghy„'dp„\u b_¡ R>¡. A„N°¡Ædp„ L$p¡çeyr_L¡$i_ L$l¡sp„ h^y kl¡gpC\u kdÅe R>¡. - - - ApS>¡ A¡L$buÅ\u lÅfp¡ dpCg v|$f b¡W¡$gu b¡ ìe[¼sAp¡ ap¡_ L¡$ Bd¡Bg Üpfp kl¡gpC\u k„â¡jZ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. • • • Ap_yj„rNL$ (rhi¡jZ) : klhs}; co-existent, inherent (2) Np¥Z, secondery (3) k„b„r^s, releted - - - Ap^yr_L$ NyS>fpsudp„ OZp iåv$p¡ A„N°¡Æ iåv$p¡_p `ep®eê$`¡ bÞep R>¡. `pW$é`yõsL$p¡ (text-books) s\p kfL$pfu ìehlpf_u S>ê$qfeps_¡ L$pfZ¡ b_¡gp Aphp sdpd iåv$p¡ "k„õL©$s' S> R>¡. - - - [õ\rsõ\p`L$sp (flexibility) A¡ fbf_p¡ Ap_yj„rNL$ NyZ^d® R>¡. • • • Càkp (÷utgN) : BÃR>p, a desire - - - S>¡hu fus¡ wish_u OZu A\®R>pepAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ desire AdyL$ S> A\®dp„ h`fpe R>¡ s¡ S> fus¡ Càkp, cg¡ BÃR>p L$fsp„ âbm lp¡e, s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N kurds R>¡. - - - dp_hu_u vy$Þehu BÃR>pAp¡ cg¡ A_¡L$ lp¡e, `f„sy s¡_p ùv$edp„ KX¡$ `X¡$gu Càkp A¡L$pv$ S> lp¡e R>¡. • • • v$pZ (_`y„kL$ tgN) _pL$ph¡fp¡, a toll tax, (2) S>L$ps, excise - - - _pL$ph¡fp¡ L¡$ S>L$ps cfhp„ L$p¡C_¡ Ndsp„ _\u, `f„sy Äepf¡ L$_¥ep¡ Np¡Ly$m_u Np¡`uAp¡ `pk¡ v$pZ hk|g L$f¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡ "v$pZgugp' L$l¡hpe R>¡ A_¡ gp¡L$Nus b_¡ R>¡ : ""v$pZ dpN¡ L$p_yX$p¡ v$pZ dpN¡...'' - - - S>¡V$gp„ _pL$$p„ A¡V$gp„ v$pZ; v|$f v¡$i\u dpg dNphp¡ sp¡ dp¢Op¡ S> `X¡$. • • • dp„S>f (÷utgN) : (awgTpX$ hN¡f¡_u) L$muAp¡ L¡$ rbep„hpmu X$pmMu, a tender stalk with buds of seeds, (2) Å¡X$pdp„ d|L$hp_y„ `„Å ApL$pf_y„ QpdXy„$, a broad strap of leather to be kept in a shoe . - - - A¡L$ S> iåv$_p b¡ kph rcÞ_ A\® lp¡e s¡_p¡ Ap v$pMgp¡ R>¡. A¡L$ A\®dp„ dpmu D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡, buÅ A\®dp„ dp¡Qu, ANpD \ep¡ lsp¡ s¡d, sm`v$u iåv$p¡_p A\® s¡_p D`ep¡N hX¡$ õ`ô$ b_¡ R>¡. - - - bpNL$pd L$fsu hMs¡ Ýep_ fpMsp lp¡ sp¡? b^u dp„S>f L$p`u _pMu, lh¡ awg ¼ep„\u ENi¡? Å¡X$pdp„ dp„S>f fpMhp_p„ b¡ L$pfZ R>¡. A¡L$ sp¡ s¡_¡ blpf L$pY$u_¡ kpa L$fu iL$pe, A_¡ buSy>„, OkpC Åe Ðepf¡ bv$gu iL$pe. • • • hluh„Qp¡ (`y[ëg„N) : (1) eS>dp_p¡_u h„iphmu_u _p¢^`p¡\u fpM_pf cpV$, a bard keeping the record of genealogical tree, (2) s¡_p¡ Qp¡`X$p¡ - - - cpV$ gp¡L$p¡_u cpV$pC (Arsie âi„kp)_y„ Ap A¡L$ ìeh[õ\s Ap¡Åf lsy„. eS>dp__¡ Myi fpMhp dpV¡$ s¡Ap¡ s¡d_u hukdu-bphukdu `¡Y$uA¡ L$p¡C A¡hp¡ k„b„^ ip¡^u L$pY¡$ L¡$ eS>dp__¡ Mpsfu \C Åe L¡$ s¡Ap¡_p `|h®Å¡ dlp_ lsp! - - - Ad¡ L„$C S>¡hp s¡hp am_p _\u! Adpfp¡ hluh„Qp¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ bphuk `¡Y$u `l¡gp„ Ad¡ dpmhp_p ^Zu lsp! • • • eh_ (`y[ëg„N) : (S|>_p¡ A\®) N°uk_p¡ fl¡hpku, a Greek (2) Ape® _ lp¡e s¡, bb®f, S>„Ngu - - - Äepf¡ rkL„$v$f¡ cpfs `f Ap¾$dZ L$ey¯ Ðepf¡ s¡Ap¡ eh_p¡ L$l¡hpep (fp¡d_p¡ lp¡hp R>sp„). `f„sy Ðepf bpv$ Ap iåv$ dyOg Ap¾$dZMp¡fp¡ dpV¡$ A_¡ `R>u A„N°¡Å¡ dpV¡$ h`fphp gpÁep¡. lÆ `Z `ròd_u k„õL©$rs_¡ "eh_ k„õL©$rs' L$l¡_pfp iyÙ k_ps_^d}Ap¡ R>¡. - - - A¡L$ S>dp_pdp„ cÖ„cÖ S>¡hp k_ps_^d}Ap¡ eh__p¡ `X$R>pep¡ `X¡$ sp¡ `Z AcX$pC S>sp lsp! • • • ehr_L$p (÷utgN) : S>hr_L$p, `X$v$p¡, a curtain - - - eh_ A¡V$g¡ N°uL$ A¡d dp_u_¡ ehr_L$p A¡g¡ N°uL$ r\e¡V$f_u `f„`fp_p¡ cpN A¡d dp_hp_u c|g \C S>hu õhpcprhL$ R>¡. `f„sy N°uL$ r\e¡V$f `Z cpfsue _pV$é_u S>¡d `X$v$p rh_p cS>hpsy„. A¡V$g¡ Äepf¡ rb°qV$ifp¡_u Akf l¡W$m procenium r\e¡V$f (A¡L$ sfa â¡nL$p¡, buÆ sfa cS>h_pfp) Apìey„ Ðepf¡ `X$v$p dpV¡$ ehr_L$p iåv$ `Z Å¡X$pep¡ lp¡hp_u i¼esp R>¡. - - - f„N`Ë$u A_¡ ehr_L$pdp„ `pep_p¡ afL$ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ f„N`Ë$u A¡L$ L¡$ b¡ `pÓ_¡ Y$p„L¡$ R>¡. Äepf¡ ehr_L$p ApMp d„Q_¡ Y$p„L¡$ R>¡. • • • dfurQL$p (÷utgN) : d©NS>m, mirage - - - dfurQ_p¡ A\® k|e® `Z \pe A_¡ qL$fZ `Z \pe. Äepf¡ dfurQL$p_p¡ A\® d©NS>m \pe. fZdp„ Arsie Nfdu_¡ L$pfZ¡ k`pV$u s`u S>su lp¡e R>¡. Ap_¡ L$pfZ¡ âL$pi_y„ h¾$uch_ (refraction) \hp\u k`pV$u `f `pZu lp¡e s¡hp¡ Apcpk \pe R>¡. - - - sfk_¡ L$pb|dp„ fpM `yÓ, Qpf¡ sfa fZ R>¡. A_¡ kpd¡ S>¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡ s¡ S>g _l], dfurQL$p dpÓ R>¡. • • • X$p¡Tfy„, X$p¡Ty„ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : (ìe„Ndp„) `¡V$, (satirically) the belly - - - X$p¡Tfy„_¡ X$p¡Ty„ `Z L$l¡ R>¡. sm`v$u iåv$p¡_u dÅ s¡_p sounddp„ S> lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$ep k„v$c®dp„ \pe R>¡ s¡_p hX¡$ S> s¡_p¡ A\® õ`ô$ b_sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s., ""lh¡ sp¡ dpfy„ X$p¡Tfy„ d¡g!'' A¡d bp¡gpsy„ lp¡s sp¡ X$p¡Tfy„_p¡ A\® `uR>p¡, R>¡X$p¡, s„s A¡hp¡ \sp¡ lp¡s. - - - båb¡ hpf sp¡ Mp^y„! lÆe¡ spfy„ X$p¡Tfy„ _\u cfpey„? • • • Y¡$L$pY$rmep (`y[ëg„N blzhQ_) : MpX$pV¡$L$fphpmu S>du_ - - - sm`v$u iåv$p¡_u Mprkes A¡ lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ s¡ s¡_p A\®_¡ AhpS>dp„ animate L$fu Ap`¡ R>¡! OZu hpf Ap A¡r_d¡i_ rQÓpÐdL$ `Z lp¡e R>¡. S>¡d L¡$ Al] KV$_p "Y¡$L$p' Óp„kp, Y$m¡gp A¡V$g¡ L¡$ "Y$rmep' lp¡e s¡d Np¡W$hpZp R>¡. - - - NpX$pdp„ b¡ku_¡ sp¡ kp„^¡kp„^p Y$ugp \C Nep cpC, ApM¡ fõs¡ Y¡$L$pY$rmep! • • • iprglp¡Ó (`y[ëg„N) : (1) Op¡X$p¡ (2) Å_hfp¡_y„ h¥v$L$ip÷ iprglp¡Óu (`y[ëg„N) : Å_hfp¡_y„ (Mpk L$fu_¡ Op¡X$p_y„) h¥v$L$ip÷_p ÅZL$pf - - - S|>_p S>dp_pdp„ kpdpÞe âÅdp„ Npe-bmv$ L$fsp„ fpÅAp¡_p Op¡X$pAp¡_u L$pmÆ h^pf¡ g¡hpsu. A¡V$g¡ iprglp¡Óu `Z s¡_¡ S> L$l¡hpsp S>¡ Op¡X$pAp¡_y„ h¥vy„$ ÅZsp lp¡e. - - - Aðk¡_p_p Op¡X$pAp¡dp„ L$p¡C fp¡N a¡gpep¡ gpN¡ R>¡. iprglp¡Ó ÅZ_pfp L$p¡C kpfp h¥Û_¡ s¡X$php¡. • • • rhî„c (`y[ëg„N) : (1) cfp¡kp¡, rhðpk(2) Mp_Nu hps(3) flõe - - - k„õL©$sdp„\u Esfu Aphu_¡ lÆ `Z _MriM k„õL©$s fl¡gp¡ Ap Ap iåv$ ¼epf¡L$ hp„Qhp-kp„cmhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ Mfp¡. - - - rhcujZ fpd_p rhî„c_¡ `pÓ lsp, s¡ hps R>¡hV¡$ kprbs \C_¡ S> flu. • • • r_h©®rs (÷utgN) : k„sp¡j (2) ip„rs-Q¡_ (3) Ap_„v$ (4) kyM (5) _pi (6) dp¡n (7) kdp[às, A„s - - - "r_h©rÑ' (retirement)_¡ dmsp¡ Aphsp¡ Ap iåv$ kyM-Q¡_ L¡$ kdp[às-A„s_p A\®dp„ kfMp¡ S> R>¡. `f„sy Dsphmdp„ "h©' D`f_u f¡a ( ®) Q|L$u S>hpsu lp¡e R>¡. - - - sd¡ cg¡ r_h©Ñ \ep `R>u ip„rs, Ap_„v$ L¡$ kyM-k„sp¡j_p¡ A_ych L$fsp lp¡, `f„sy dpfu r_h©rÑ sp¡ kss L$pd L$fsp„ fl¡hpdp„ S> kdpe¡gu R>¡. • • • c°dr_fk_ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : c°p„rs A\hp Mp¡V$p¡ Mepg v|$f \hp¡. demythification - - - "r_fk_'_p OZp A\® R>¡ : v|$f L$fhy„, L$pY$u d|L$hy„, Ap¡L$hy„, `sphV$ L$fhu, r_fpL$fZ L$fhy„, _pL$b|g L$fhy„, denial A_¡ _pi L$fhp¡, destruction. Ap sdpd A\®dp„ c°dr_fk_ hp`fu iL$pe R>¡. - - - v$rgs _¡spAp¡ `p¡sp_p A„Ns õhp\p£\u ApNm hÝep _\u s¡_p L$pfZ¡ kdN° v$rgsp¡_y„ c°dr_fk_ \ey„ R>¡, lh¡ s¡d_¡ Ap _¡spNufu `f rhðpk _\u. • • • v$hfphhy„ (q¾$ep`v$) : `iy hN¡f¡_u âÅ¡Ð`rÑ dpV¡$ k„cp¡N ep¡S>hp¡, to arrange for an intercourse for reproduction (animals) - - - "^hfphhy„' (breast feeding)_¡ OZp¡ dmsp¡ Aphsp¡ Ap sm`v$u iåv$ "v$h' A¡V$g¡ L¡$ S>„Ngdp„ gpNsu ApN A\hp bmsfp L¡$ ìe\p `f\u Apìep¡ lp¡e sp¡ _hpC _l]. L$pfZ L¡$ OZp„ âpZuAp¡_¡ Ncp®^p_ L$fphhp dpV¡$ `iy`pgL$p¡_¡ S>bfv$õsu L$fhu `X$su lp¡e R>¡. - - - `l¡gp„_p kdedp„ Npe F>sydp„ Aphsu sp¡ s¡_¡ v$hfphhp kp„Y$ `pk¡ gC S>sp, `Z lh¡ sp¡ X¡$fudp„ gC S>C BÞS>¡¼i_ hX¡$ L©$rÓd Ncp®^p_ \pe R>¡. • • • W$Qfy„-W$p¡Qfy„ (rhi¡jZ) : AÐe„s h©Ù A_¡ nuZ, very old and infirm - - - sm`v$p¡ iåv$. fk `X¡$ s¡hu hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$ iåv$L$p¡idp„ W$ D`f\u gNcN b^p S> iåv$p¡ sm`v$u A\hp bp¡gQpg_u cpjp_p R>¡! `„qX$sp¡A¡ cpjp_p¡ W¡$L$p¡ gu^p¡ lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡d_¡ "W$'\u iê$ \sp iåv$p¡ âep¡S>hp_y„ `k„v$ _l] lp¡e. - - - spfu L$pf lh¡ W$p¡Qfy„ \C NC R>¡, s¡_¡ c„Npfdp„ L$pY$u _pM. • • • Msub (`y[ëg„N) : D`v¡$iL$, a preacher, (2) ìep¿epsp, a lecturer - - - Dv|®$ cpjpdp„\u Aph¡gp¡ Ap iåv$ "Ms' A¡V$g¡ `Ó_p A\®dp„ _l] `f„sy g¡M L¡$ v$õsph¡S>_p A\®dp„ gCA¡ sp¡ Ly$fp_ L¡$ buÅ ^d®N°„\p¡_u kdS> Ap`_pf ìep¿epsp Msub L$l¡hpe. - - - dp¥ghukpl¡b A¡V$gp kpfp Msub lsp L¡$ s¡d_¡ kp„cmu_¡ OZp gp¡L$p¡_p¡ ùv$e`gV$p¡ \C S>sp¡. • • • L$ZhV$ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : rcnp\u d¡mh¡gy„ A_pS> L$ZhqV$ep¡ (`yy[ëg„N) : rcnp_p A_pS>\u r_hp®l L$f_pfp¡ - - - "L$Z' A¡V$g¡ v$pZp. S>¡_p `f\u "L$Zbu' iåv$ M¡X|$s dpV¡$ h`fpe R>¡. A_pS>_¡ gZu_¡ kpakapC L$fsp„ AdyL$ v$pZp h¡fpe¡gp L¡$ bNX¡$gp flu Åe R>¡ s¡_¡ `Z L$ZhV$ L$l¡ R>¡. S>¡ OZu hpf M¡X|$sp¡ S>ê$fsd„v$_¡ Ap`u v¡$sp lp¡e R>¡. - - - kp^ydlpfpS> rcnpdp„ fp„^¡gp¡ Mp¡fpL$ ¼epf¡e _ g¡sp. L$ZhV$ dpNu s¡_¡ v$mu_¡ L¡$ bpau_¡ fp„^u Mpsp. • • • ApfuL$pfu (÷utgN) : (1) v$ph`¡Q, â`„Q; (2) QsyfpC - - - "Apfu'_p¡ A\® _p_u L$fhs (saw) \pe R>¡. dp¡Qu (shoemaker)_p A¡L$ Ap¡Åf_¡ `Z Apfu L$l¡hpe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ ApfuL$pfu iåv$ õ\|m fus¡ _p_u-dp¡V$u L$p`L|$` dpV¡$ h`fpsp¡ li¡. `Z kde S>sp„ s¡ v$ph`¡Q_p A\®dp„ h`fpsp¡ \ep¡ lp¡hp_u i¼esp R>¡. - - - dp¡l_ gp„Q g¡sp„ `L$X$pep¡ R>¡. lh¡ Nd¡ s¡hu ApfuL$pfu L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ R>p¡X$phhp¡ S> `X$i¡. • • • kpeyÄe (_`y„kL$ tgN) : (1) A¡L$d¡L$dp„ dmu S>hy„ s¡, (2) k„`|Z® spv$pÐçe, complete unification - - - kpeyÄe Ly$v$fsu fus¡ k^pe R>¡, kpeyÄe_u kp^_p `Z L$fu iL$pe R>¡. `f„sy s¡_p `R>u_y„ õV¡$S> BÞV$f¡[õV„$N R>¡ : kpeyÄedy[¼s A\hp kpeyÄedp¡n! S>¡_p¡ A\® A¡hp¡ \pe L¡$ Cðf kp\¡ spv$pÐçe k^pe s¡hu dy[¼s. - - - ""lz„ dp_y„ Ry>„ L¡$ Äep„ ky^u Æh_ kp\¡ kpeyÄe k^psy„ _\u, kprlÐedp„ Æh_gnu ArcNd Aphsp¡ _\u.'' - Å¡k¡a d¡L$hp_ (ÅZusp g¡ML$) • • • `p¢Mhy„ (q¾$ep`v$) : (1) hf A\hp L$Þep_¡ rhr^kf h^phhp„, to receive the bridegroom or the bride ceremoniously, (2) kÞdp_ L$fhy„, (3) âi„kp L$fhu - - - Å_ dp„X$h¡ Aphu_¡ Ecu fl¡ Ðepf¡ hf_¡ `p¢Mhp dpV¡$ s¡_u kpky Aph¡ R>¡. Ap rhr^_¡ `p¢MÏ„ L$l¡ R>¡, A_¡ s¡dp„ S>¡ kpdN°u h`fpe (L„$Ly$, Qp¡Mp, _pX$pR>X$u hN¡f¡) s¡_¡ `Z `p¢MÏ„ L$l¡hpe. gÁ_âk„N rkhpe_p kÞdp_ dpV¡$ `Z Ap iåv$ h`fpe R>¡. - - - Ap kdpf„cdp„ hX$ugp¡A¡ d_¡ kpfu `¡W¡$ `p¢¿ep¡ R>¡, `Z s¡\u lz„ g¡idpÓ azgpep¡ _\u. • • • Ah^p_ (_`„ykL$ tgN) : Ýep_, gn, attention, concentration - - - Ah^p_u (rhi¡jZ), A¡L$pN°sp_u i[¼shpmy„ - - - "v$ip'_y„ "Ahv$ip' \pe Ðepf¡ A\® K^p¡ \C Åe R>¡, `Z "^p_' (Ýep_)_y„ "Ah^p_' \pe Ðepf¡ A\® h^y O|„V$pe R>¡. rkrÙ `pd¡gp `yfyj_¡ Ah^p_u `yfyj L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. - - - lh¡ `R>u_y„ s¡_y„ Ah^p_ A¡L$ S> lsy„ : `funpdp„ kp¥\u kpfp dpL®$ gphhp. • • • l¥ephNy„ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : ùv$e_¡ aphsy„, ùv$e_¡ Ndsy„, convinient for heart, instinctive emotion - - - S>¡d lp\hNy„ A¡V$g¡ lp\¡ QX$éy„ s¡, A¡ S> fus¡ l¥ephNy„ A¡V$g¡ qv$gdp„ Apìey„ s¡. sm`v$u cpjpdp„ L$l¡ R>¡ s¡d- "l¡X$hy„ `X$u Ney„ R>¡.' - - - ìlpgu_¡ iy„ L$l¡hy„ s¡ cuMp_¡ kdÅey„ _l]. `R>u AQp_L$ S> l¥ephNy„ S>¡ k|Èey„ s¡ L$lu v$u^y„, "sy„ S> sp¡ dpfp Æhsf_u L$dpC R>¡!' • • • fddpZ (q¾$ep`v$) : fÃQp`Ãep fl¡hy„, fk`|h®L$ N|„\pe¡gp fl¡hy„, to be engrossed - - - Qfp¡sfu bp¡gu_p¡ h^y A¡L$ iåv$ S>¡ gNcN ApMp NyS>fpsdp„ g¡rMs dpÝed\u `lp¢Ãep¡ R>¡. M|b KÂep `R>u d_ `f S>¡ O¡_ fl¡ s¡_¡ "dpZ' L$l¡ R>¡. A¡ A\®dp„ Ap fdhp_y„-fds_y dpZ R>¡. - - - rQÓL$pf A¡_u ^|_dp„ A¡V$gp¡ fddpZ fl¡sp¡ L¡$ s¡ OZu hpf _lphp-^p¡hp_y„ L¡$ S>dhp_y„ `Z c|gu S>sp¡. • • • ggL$ (÷utgN) : T„M_p, BÃR>p, desire - - - Qfp¡sfu bp¡gu_p¡ Ap sm`v$p¡ iåv$ gMpsu-h„Qpsu NyS>fpsudp„ Ap¡R>p¡ h`fpe R>¡ s¡_u Mf¡Mf _hpC gpN¡ R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$ iåv$dp„ Apd Sy>Ap¡ sp¡ sm`v$p`Zp_u R>p„V$ `Z hsp®su _\u. - - - bk, d_dp„ A¡L$ ggL$ flu Åe R>¡ L¡$ bpm`Zdp„ S>¡_u kp\¡ âus L$fu lsu s¡_y„ dp¡Yy„$ A¡L$ hpf Å¡hp dm¡. • • • kp¡_y„, gold rlfÎeNc® (`y[ëg„N) : (1) b°ûp, (2) rhóÏ, (3) v¡$l\u R|>V$p¡ `X¡$gp¡ ApÐdp - - - rlfÎe_¡ kp¡_y„ L$l¡hpe A¡V$g¡ rlfÎede, rlfÎekd, rlfÎe^pfu hN¡f¡ iåv$p¡ b_¡ R>¡. `f„sy rlÞvy$ ip÷p¡ dyS>b v¡$l\u R|>V$p `X¡$gp AdyL$ ApÐdpAp¡ k|ÿdv¡$l^pfu lp¡e R>¡. Ap_¡ rlfÎeNc® L$l¡ R>¡. A¡ S> fus¡ b°ûp s\p rhóÏ cNhp_p¡_¡ `Z "kp¡_p_p ApÐdphpmp' dp_hpdp„ Apìep R>¡. - - - õhpduÆ_p¡ _ðf v¡$l cg¡ `„Qdlpc|sdp„ rhgu_ \C Nep¡, A¡d_p¡ rlfÎeNc® Ap`Z_¡ kp¥_¡ r_lpmu füp¡ R>¡. • • • Ap`Ùd® (`y[ëg„N) : (1) Ap`rÑ kde_p¡ ^d®, (2) Ar_hpe® k„Å¡Np¡dp„ ApQfhp¡ `X¡$ s¡ ^d® A\hp L©$Ðe. - - - hlpZ X|$bu Nep `R>u lp¡X$L$pdp„ Æhu füp lp¡, A_¡ qv$hkp¡_p qv$hkp¡ `R>u dpÓ Æh V$L$phhp Mpsf dp„k Mphy„ `X¡$ s¡_¡ Ap`Ùd® L$lu iL$pe. L$ÃR>_p c|L„$` v$frdep_ `l¡gp A\®_¡ kp\®L$ L$fsp„ A_¡L$ Dv$plfZp¡ Å¡hp dþep„. - - - c|L„$`\u S>¡g_u v$uhpgp¡ s|V$u NC lsu. `Z s¡_¡ Ap`Ùd® kp„cep£. s¡ v$V$pe¡gp_¡ bQphhp_p L$pddp„ gpNu Nep¡. • • • Y$udf (`y[ëg„N) : dpR>udpf a fisherman, (2) _prhL$, Mpfhp¡ a sailor - - - kp¥fpô²$_p v$qfepqL$_pfp_p âv¡$idp„ Mpõkp¡ âQrgs iåv$. Ðep„_p„ gp¡L$Nusp¡dp„ `Z hpf„hpf kp„cmhp dm¡ R>¡. - - - Y$udf_¡ cfsu iy„, _¡ Ap¡V$ iy„? A¡_¡ dpV¡$ sp¡ v$qfep¡ A¡ S> vy$r_ep. • • • iyîyjp (÷utgN) : (1) k¡hpQpL$fu, (2) `|Äecph¡ L$f¡gu k¡hp, (3) dl¡dp_Nrs - - - dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ k„sp¡, dl„sp¡ L¡$ ^prd®L$ `„\_p hX$pAp¡_u k¡hpQpL$fu dpV¡$ h`fpsp¡ iåv$. - - - Apîddp„ flu_¡ õhpduÆ_u iyîyjp L$fip¡ sp¡ s¡d_p Apiuhp®v$ dmi¡. • • • hpV$kfy (rhi¡jZ) (`y[ëg„N) : `N`pmp¡ âhpku, hV¡$dpNy® - - - sm`v$u iåv$. hpV$ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ fõsp `f kfsp¡, A¡V$g¡ L¡$ S>sp¡ dpZk. - - - kpd¡ Npd k„v¡$ip¡ dp¡L$ghp¡ lp¡e sp¡ Al] Ecp flp¡, L$p¡C hpV$kfy _uL$m¡ s¡_u kp\¡ L$l¡hX$phu v$CA¡. • • • grOdp (÷utgN) : (1) gOy`Ï„ smallness, (2) _p_` inferiority, (3) Arsie _p_y„ õhê$` ^pfZ L$fhp_u ep¡N_u rkrÙ - - - NyS>fps_u kp\¡ hZp®_yâpk b¡k¡ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ "NyS>fps_u Nqfdp' âQrgs âep¡N \ep¡. Äepf¡ NyS>fpsudp„ lpBLy$ gMpep„ Ðepf¡ "gpOh' âQrgs bÞep¡. `f„sy "grOdp' blz âQrgs iåv$ _\u. inferiority complex dpV¡$ `Z "gOyspN°„r\' h`fpe R>¡. - - - dpZk grOdp_u kudpdp„ fl¡ Ðepf¡ iê$Apsdp„ s¡ _d°sp NZpe, `Z s¡_p¡ Arsf¡L$ A¡L$ Ås_u N°„r\ L$l¡hpe. • • • b¥rS>L$ (rhi¡jZ) : (1) buS> L¡$ d|m_¡ gNsy„, (2) DÐ`rÑ L¡$ âS>___¡ gNsy„, (3) d|mc|s; fundamental, basic - - - A„N°¡Æ_p¡ basic A_¡ NyS>fpsu_p¡ b¥rS>L$ Ap b¡ iåv$p¡ kp\¡ d|L$p¡ sp¡ A¡d gpN¡ L¡$ L$p¡C rblpfu basic_p¡ Mp¡V$p¡ DÃQpf L$f¡ R>¡! `f„sy basic iåv$ base `f\u Aph¡ R>¡ Äepf¡ b¥rS>L$, buS> `f\u. - - - kdõepAp¡_y„ S>„Ng ApS>¡ rhL$fpm gpN¡ R>¡, `f„sy s¡_p„ b¥rS>L$ L$pfZp¡ huk hfk `l¡gp„_p„ R>¡. • • • `qfÓpZ (_`y„kL$tgN) : (1) k„fnZ, (2) bQph, (3) DÙpf - - - Sy>Ap¡ NyS>fpsu cpjp_u dÅ! ÆhkV$p¡kV$_p eyÙdp„ h`fpe s¡hp¡ Ap iåv$ _`y„kL$tgN_p¡ R>¡. (A¡d sp¡ eyÙ `p¡s¡ S> _`y„kL$tgN iåv$ R>¡!) `f„sy iåv$_u k„õL©$s R>V$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_u Apcp DÄÄhm gpN¡ R>¡. - - - bpZp¡_u hjp® Qpf¡ sfa \C flu R>¡. AÐepf¡ Ap¾$dZ _l], `qfÓpZ_u S>ê$f R>¡. • • • dy„bC, dy„bpC (÷utgN) : dp_hQfbudp„\u b_su, dgd sfuL¡$ h`fpsu A¡L$ v$hp - - - R>¡ S>, "dy„bC' A_¡ "dy„bpC' `Bombay' _pd_p il¡f_p„ S> _pd R>¡. lh¡ sp¡ "dy„bC' A¡ S> kpQy„ _pd R>¡. `f„sy iåv$L$p¡ip¡ OZu hpf Brslpk kpQhhp_y„ L$pd L$fsp lp¡e R>¡. L$p¡C S>dp_pdp„ Äepf¡ Aphp¡ dgd dy„bC\u S> Aphsp¡ li¡ Ðepf¡ dgd_¡ "dy„bC'L$l¡sp li¡! - - - Ap dy„bC dpZk_u Qfbudp„\u b_¡ R>¡. lz„ il¡f_u _l], dgd_u hps L$fy„ Ry>„. • • • hZ®k„L$f (rhi¡jZ, `y[ëg„N) : rcÞ_ Års_p„ dpbp`\u L¡$ ìercQpf\u S>Þd¡gy„, rcÞ_ âL$pf_p A_pS>_p rdîZ_u `¡v$pihpmy„ rbepfZ, rcÞ_ âL$pf_p„ kp„õL©$rsL$ rdîZ_u _u`S>, crossbreed - - - Äep„ gNu cpfsdp„ "k„L$f' âL$pf_p„ rbepfZp¡ hX¡$ lqfepmu ¾$p„rs _ Aphu Ðep„ ky^u hZ®k„L$f (h¥Zk„L$f) A`iåv$ S> NZpsp¡. lÆe¡ NZpe R>¡, `Z dpÓp OV$u R>¡. kp\¡ kp\¡ iåv$_p¡ kp„õL©$rsL$ ìep` hÝep¡ R>¡. - - - `ròd_p âcph_¡ L$pfZ¡ ApS>¡ Ap`Ï„ b^y„ S> hZ®k„L$f \sy„ Åe R>¡ : k„Nus, _©Ðe, `l¡fh¡i A_¡ cp¡S>_ `Z. • • • Np¡bpÅmu/Np¡bpQpfu (÷utgN) : ^psy_u hõsy `f `X¡$gp Np¡bp_¡ kfMp¡ L$fhp_u dl¡_s A_¡ s¡_p¡ MQ® - - - Ap sm`v$u iåv$ lh¡ R>p`p„Ap¡dp„ L$p¥cp„X$p¡_p k„v$c£ h`fpsp¡ \ep¡ R>¡. Ap `l¡gp„, \e¡gp _yL$kp__¡ kfcf L$fhp_u L$X$pL|$V$ dpV¡$ Ap iåv$ h`fpsp¡. lÆ h`fpe R>¡. - - - kfL$pf Üpfp L$p¡çàeyV$fp¡_u Mfuv$udp„ L$fp¡X$p¡_u Np¡bpÅmu : S>hpbv$pf Ar^L$pfuAp¡ R>V$L$u Nep, _yL$kp_ âÅ_¡ dp\¡. • • • õMg_ (_`y„kL$tgN) : (1) c|g, (2) A_¥rsL$ L©$Ðe, (3) kÞdpN®\u Q|L$u S>hy„ s¡, (4) V$`L$hy„ L¡$ `X$hy„, (5) W$p¡L$f, (6) sp¡sX$phy„ - - - OZp k„õL©$s iåv$p¡_u rhV„$bZp A¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap`Z_¡ s¡ ep¥_k„b„^u gMpZp¡dp„ S> Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. hue®õMg_ (pre-ejeculation) rkhpe Ap_p OZp kpv$p A\p£ R>¡ S>. `f„sy Äepf¡ R>p`pdp„ Ap iåv$ h`fpe Ðepf¡ kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡_p dNS>dp„ Sy>v$u S> bÑu \pe R>¡! - - - lh¡ sp¡ Ad¡qfL$p S>¡hp v¡$ip¡dp„ `Z dp¡V$p _¡spAp¡_p„ õMg_p¡_u âÅ `fhp L$fsu _\u. • • • rÓi„Ly$ (`y[ëg„N) : (1) fpÅ lqfò„Ö_p r`sp_y„ _pd, (2) Ar_ròs [õ\rs, an undecided hanging state - - - rÓi„Ly$_¡ kv¡$l¡ õhN®dp„ S>hy„ lsy„. rhðprdÓ¡ s¡_¡ `p¡sp_p s`_p bm\u õhN® ky^u QX$pìep¡ sp¡ Mfp¡, `Z õhN®_p fpÅ BÞÖ¡ s¡_¡ _uQ¡ ^L¡$ëep¡. rhðprdÓ¡ s¡_¡ afu D`f ^L¡$ëep¡, BÞÖ¡ afu _uQ¡ ^L¡$ëep¡. Apd rÓi„Ly$ A^hÃQ¡ gV$L$sp¡ füp¡. R>¡hV¡$ rÓi„Ly$A¡ v¡$l R>p¡X$hp¡ sp¡ `X$ép¡, `Z rlÞvy$ `yfpZ_u Ap L$\p D`f\u Aphu Ar_ròssp_¡ rÓi„Ly$ [õ\rs L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. - - - Q|„V$Zu `R>u L$p¡C `n_¡ Qp¡¿Mu blzdsu _ dmhp\u AÐepf¡ sp¡ rÓi„Ly$ k„kv$ fQpC R>¡. • • • cpNuf\u (÷utgN) : N„Np _v$u - - - rlÞvy$ `yfpZp¡ (mythology) dyS>b N„Np `l¡gp„ õhN®dp„ lsu. s¡_¡ ^fsu `f Dspfhp cNuf\ _pd_p fpÅA¡ lÅf hj® s` L$ey¯. R>¡hV¡$ v¡$hp¡ âkÞ_ \ep. Ap\u N„Np_¡ cpNuf\u `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡ A_¡ A\pL$ âeÐ_p¡ A\hp M|b dl¡_s dpNsp L$pd_¡ "cNuf\' L$pe® L$l¡hpe R>¡. - - - âepN `pk¡ ÓZ _v$uAp¡_p¡ k„Nd \pe R>¡ : cpNuf\u, edy_p A_¡ kfõhsu. • • • dyd|jp® (÷utgN) : d©Ðey `pdhp_u BÃR>p - - - lspip, budpfu L¡$ OX$`Zdp„ d©Ðey `pdhp_u BÃR>p suh° b_u S>su lp¡e R>¡. "lh¡ dfy„ A¡V$g¡ R|>Vy„$' A¡hu vy$Þehu gpNZu\u dp„X$u_¡ k„kpf\u dy¼s \hp_u ApÝep[ÐdL$ gpNZu dpV¡$ hp`fu iL$pe s¡hp¡ iåv$. - - - L¡$Þkf_p¡ BgpS> li¡, X$p¡¼V$fp¡ L$v$pQ d_¡ BgpS> hX¡$ Æhsp¡ fpMu iL¡$, `Z dyd|jp® d_¡ TX$`c¡f dp¡s cZu ^L¡$gu flu R>¡. • • • dydynp (÷utgN) : dp¡n `pdhp_u BÃR>p - - - rlÞvy$ dpÞesp dyS>b dp¡n A¡V$g¡ gMQp¡fpkudp„\u dy[¼s, A¡V$g¡ L¡$ Æh_¡ S>¡ Qp¡ep®ku gpM hpf Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ õhê$`¡ S>Þdhy„ `X¡$ R>¡ s¡dp„\u dy[¼s. - - - sdpd BÃR>pAp¡ Mfu `X$u R>¡. lh¡ sp¡ bk A¡L$ S> BÃR> R>¡ : dydynp. d©Ðey `R>u d_¡ dp¡n dm¡. • • • ApS>¡ L¡$V$gpL$ A¡hp kfMp gpNsp iåv$p¡, S>¡ s¡_p A„N°¡Æ `ep®ep¡ A\hp s¡_p hZ®_\u h^y kdÅe R>¡. lufp¡ (diamond) : L$udsu `pfv$i®L$ kMs `Õ\f, S>¡_p `l¡g `pX$u_¡ Apc|jZ sfuL¡$ A\hp AÞe D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. fÐ_ (jewel) : L$udsu `pfv$i®L$ kMs `Õ\f, S>¡_p `l¡g `pX$u_¡ Apc|jZ sfuL¡$ A\hp AÞe D`ep¡N \pe R>¡. dpZ¡L$ (ruby) : ApR>p\u O¡fp Nygpbu f„N_p¡ L$udsu `pfv$i®L$ `Õ\f `p¡MfpS> (topaz) : `pfv$i®L$ `ump f„N_p¡ L$udsu `Õ\f `Þ_p (emerald) : gugu Tp„ehpmp¡ `pfv$i®L$ L$udsu `Õ\f _ugd (sapphire) : c|fpi `X$su Tp„e ^fphsp¡ `pfv$i®L$ L$udsu `Õ\f _„N (jem) : Ag„L$pfdp„ D`ep¡N L$fu iL$pe s¡hp¡ `l¡gv$pf lufp¡ dp¡su (pearl) : v$qfepdp„ R>u` Üpfp b_sp¡ Np¡m QdL$v$pf gukp¡ `v$p\® • • • r_c°p¯s (rhi¡jZ) : c°dZpdp„\u v|$f \e¡gy„, disillusioned - - - AdyL$-sdyL$ i¡f_p cph Apkdp_¡ S>i¡ s¡hu gp¥qL$L$ Apip L$fsp„ Np„^uhpv$ L¡$ kpçehpv$ S>¡hu bp¥rÙL$ A`¡np W$Npfu _uhX¡$ Ðepf¡ Ap iåv$_p¡ âep¡N h^y DrQs gpN¡ R>¡. - - - Np„^uhpv$_u rhQpfkfZu L$fsp„e s¡_p A_yepeuAp¡_p„ hs®_ hX¡$ lh¡ lz„ r_c°p¯s \ep¡ Ry>„. • • • dyMf, dyMqfs (rhi¡jZ) : (1) dp¡V¡$\u DÃQpfZ/AhpS> L$fsy„, (2) hpQpm - - - "d|fM'_p b¡ S> Anfp¡ Apds¡d L$fhp\u S>¡ iåv$ b_¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ dyM kp\¡ k„b„^ R>¡. Ap_u _L$pfpÐdL$ A\®R>pepAp¡ _\u s¡\u bL$bL$ L$f_pf dpV¡$ Ap iåv$ _ hp`fu iL$pe. - - - L$rhsp R>`pe¡gu lp¡e Ðepf¡ s¡_p dp„X$ AX$^p A\® M|g¡ R>¡, `f„sy s¡ dyMqfs \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_p OZp A\® õ`ô$ \pe R>¡. • • • HrNs (_pÞesf tgN) : Nrc®s Bipfp¡ L$fsy„, implied - - - kprlÐe_p rhh¡QL$p¡ Üpfp hpf„hpf h`fpsp¡ Ap iåv$ kpdpÞe bp¡gQpg L¡$ gMpZdp„ cpÁe¡ S> v¡$Mpe R>¡. - - - L$rh_u dpÓ Qpf `„[¼sAp¡dp„ OÏ„ b^y„ HrNs lp¡e R>¡. • • • _e (`y[ëg„N) : (1) kv$pQpf good conduct, (2) fpS>_urs, (3) sÒhop__p¡ rkÙp„s - - - L$pm¾$d¡ iåv$p¡_p A\® L¡$hp bv$gpe R>¡ s¡_p¡ Ap _d|_p¡ R>¡. kv$pQpf A_¡ fpS>_urs_¡ A¡L$buÅ_p `ep®e NZhpdp„ Aphsp lsp. - - - kv¹$`yfyjp¡dp„ Ap b¡ NyZp¡ S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡ : _e A_¡ rh_e. • • • v$pnpeZu (÷utgN) : (1) _nÓ, a constellation, (2) v$n_u `yÓu, v¡$hu `ph®su - - - v$pnpeZu _pd_y„ L$p¡C _nÓ _\u, _nÓ_y„ S> buSy>„ _pd v$pnpeZu R>¡. rlÞvy$ `„Qp„Ndp„ 27 _nÓp¡ R>¡, v$f¡L$_¡ apm¡ AdyL$ qv$hkp¡ Aph¡ R>¡. spfpAp¡_p T|dMp„_u Mpk Np¡W$hZ_¡ v$pnpeZu L$l¡hpe s¡\u L$p¡C dlÒh_u krdrs A\hp _p_L$X$p S|>\_¡ `Z v$pnpeZu L$lu iL$pe. - - - L$pg\u l[õs_u v$pnpeZu b¡k¡ R>¡. Å¡ L$pg¡ hfkpv$ `X$ép¡ sp¡ b^y„ S>mb„bpL$pf \i¡. • • • X$pdZ (_`y„kL$ tgN) : `pgsy sp¡ap_u `iy_¡ L$pb|dp„ fpMhp s¡_p A¡L$ ApNm_p A_¡ A¡L$ `pR>m_p `N_¡ Å¡X$u fpMsy„ V|„$Ly„$ v$p¡fXy„$ - - - sm`v$u iåv$. Ap_¡ X$pdrZey„ `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡. hpf„hpf cX$L$u_¡ cpNsu Npep¡ L¡$ hpR>fX$p„_¡ X$pdqZey„ bp„Ýey„ lp¡e sp¡ s¡ blz blz sp¡ ER>þep L$f¡ `Z _pkcpN _ L$fu iL¡$. NpdX$pdp„ ¼epf¡L$ dpZkp¡ dpV¡$ `Z Ap iåv$_p¡ âep¡N \pe R>¡. - - - Aëep, spfu Npe hpf„hpf L¡$d _pku Åe R>¡? A¡_¡ X$pdZ bp„^u fpM sp¡ L$pb|dp„ fl¡i¡. • • • qL$[ëbi, qL$[ëhi, qL$[ëdi (_`y„kL$ tgN) : (1) `p`, a sin (2) vy$óL©$Ðe, a wicked act (3) A`fp^, v$p¡j (4) fp¡N (5) N„v$hpX$ - - - L$p¡C NgNp¡V$p S>¡hp R>p¡L$fp_y„ _pd `pX$hp_y„ d_ \C Aph¡ s¡hp Ap iåv$_p A\® hp„Ãep `R>u AV$L$u S>hy„ `X¡$. - - - sd¡ qL$[ëbi\u cf¡gu hkrsdp„ flp¡ R>p¡, sdpfp d_dp„ qL$[ëbi R>¡ A_¡ sd¡ Myv$ qL$[ëbidp„ fÃep`Ãep flp¡ R>p¡. • • • _pÞesf (rhi¡jZ) : _`y„kL$ tgN_y„, of neuter gender - - - _ AÞe L¡$ Bsf, Ap `Z _l] A_¡ s¡ `Z _l] s¡hy„ _`y„kL$ tgN cpfs_u OZu cpjpAp¡dp„ _\u, `f„sy He, She, It_p rlkpb¡ NyS>fpsu A„N°¡Æ_u lfp¡m_u L$l¡hpe. dÅ_u hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$ NyS>fpsu iåv$L$p¡idp„ dp¡V$p cpN_p iåv$p¡ A_¡ A\® Ap tgNdp„ S> gMpe R>¡ s¡\u "rblpdÏ„' L¡$ "X$fpdÏ„' kph "hpdÏ„' gpN¡ R>¡! - - - _ sp¡ A¡ `yfyj R>¡ L¡$ _ sp¡ A¡ ÷u R>¡. A¡ _pÞesf gpN¡ R>¡. • • • bfL„$v$pS> (`y[ëg„N) : b„v|$L$^pfu k¥r_L$ - - - iåv$_p¡ fZL$p¡ S> A¡hp¡ R>¡ L¡$ R>V$pv$pf k¥r_L$_y„ rQÓ Ecy„ \pe R>¡. ÅZ¡ bqL„$Nlpd `¡g¡k_u blpf Ec¡gp¡ NpX®$ Å¡C gp¡. - - - L|$Q L$fu fl¡gp bfL„$v$pÅ¡ kpd¡ blpfhqV$epAp¡_p„ suf-L$pdW$p„_u iu rhkps? • • • d¡OpX„$bf (`y[ëg„N) : (1) hpv$mp„_u rhõs©s S>dphV$ (2) d¡ONS>®_p (3) R>Óhpmu A„bpX$u, a seat on elephant covered with umbrella. - - - d¡O_p¡ ApX„$bf. L$pmp„ OË$ hpv$mp¡ Ap rnrsS>\u `¡gu rnrsS> ky^u R>hpep„ lp¡e s¡hp ×íe_¡ ApX„$bf L$l¡sp lp¡e sp¡ Al] ApX„$bf iåv$ kp\¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu _L$pfpÐdL$sp ¼ep„e Ap¡Nmu Åe R>¡. L$pmp¡ kfMp¡ lp\u d¡O_u epv$ A`ph¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡_u A„bpX$u_¡ d¡OpX„$bf L$l¡sp li¡. - - - Qp¡dpkp_u F>sydp„ `l¡gu hpf A¡hp¡ d¡OpX„$bf R>hpep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ ÅZ¡ lh¡ S>mb„bpL$pf L$fu d|L¡$ s¡hp¡ hfkpv$ `X$i¡. • • • d©Zpg (`y[ëg„N) (_`y„kL$tgN) : L$dm_p¡ s„sy, the fibre of lotus d©Zprg_u, d©Zpgu (÷utgN), L$dm_p¡ R>p¡X$ - - - "L$ L$dm_p¡ L$' L$l¡sp„ Ap`Z¡ L$dm_¡ bpm`p¡\uAp¡dp„ rQÓê$`¡ S> Å¡ey„ lp¡e R>¡. `f„sy Akgu L$dm_p¡ Nygpbu f„N A¡V$gp¡ O¡fp¡ _\u lp¡sp¡. s¡_u `p„MX$uAp¡dp„ gp„bp f¡kp S>¡hp v¡$Mpe R>¡ A¡ d©Zpg. A¡_¡ rbks„sy `Z L$l¡ R>¡. - - - â¡du_y„ _pd kp„cmsp„ S> kyL$Þep_p Npg¡ d©Zpg kdp i¡fX$p awV$ép. • • • d|^®Þe (rhi¡jZ) : dp\p_y„ L¡$ A¡_¡ gNsy„, (2) Æc A_¡ spmhp_p k„`L®$\u DÃQpfpsy„ (DÃQpf L¡$ ìe„S>_). - - - s,\,v$,^,_ A¡ d|^®Þe ìe„S>_p¡ L$l¡hpe. L$rh L¡$ kprlÐeL$pf dpV¡$ "d|^®Þe' iåv$ h`fpe Ðepf¡ s¡ cerebral L¡$ Mp¡`X$u_p A\®dp„ _l] `f„sy "V$p¡Q_p' A¡ A\®dp„ lp¡e R>¡. - - - d|^®Þe L$rh_u Jdf \hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ d|^®Þe ìe„S>_p¡_p DÃQpf L$fsu hMs¡ \p¡\hpsp lsp. • • • tklphgp¡L$_ (_`y„kL$tgN) : kdpgp¡Q_, an overview - - - S>„Ng_p¡ fpÅ tkl L$p¡C KQu V¡$L$fu `f QX$u_¡ ApMp S>„Ng_y„ r_funZ L$fsp¡ lp¡e s¡hu kfMpdZu v$ip®hsp¡ Ap iåv$ â^p_p¡ Üpfp hpf„hpf L$fpsp lhpC r_funZ dpV¡$ _\u h`fpsp¡. - - - A¡L$-b¡ R|>V$L$ OV$_pAp¡ Å¡hp\u _l] `f„sy ApMu `qf[õ\rs_y„ tklphgp¡L$_ L$fhp\u S> s¡_u N„cufsp kdÅi¡. • • • lw„qX$epdZ (_`y„kL$tgN) : lw„X$u_p hV$ph_p¡ v$f, rate of exchange - - - ap¡f¡_ A¡¼kQ¡ÞS>_p A\®dp„ "rhv¡$iu lw„qX$epdZ' iåv$ ApS>L$pg "`qfhrs®s QgZ' sfuL¡$ S> õhuL$pfpC Nep R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ap`Z¡ dpV¡$ exchange rate "lw„qX$epdZ_p¡ v$f' A¡d L$luA¡ R>uA¡—. - - - h^sp S>sp lw„qX$epdZ_p v$f_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap`Zp rhv¡$iu lw„qX$epdZ_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ k„L$p¡QpC füp¡ R>¡. • • • h„QL$ (rhi¡jZ) : ^yspfp¡, v$NpMp¡f, W$N, M„^p¡ dpZk - - - h„Q_p A¡V$g¡ L¡$ c°d, illusion `f\u b_sy„ q¾$ep`v$ h„Q_; A_¡ s¡_p hX¡$ b_sy„ rhi¡jZ s¡ h„QL$. v$NpMp¡f ÷u dpV¡$ `Z NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ h`fpsp¡ iåv$. - - - Å¡sÅ¡sp„dp„ sdpfp ê$r`ep X$bg L$fu Ap`hp_u hpsp¡ L$f_pfp h„QL$ W¡$f W¡$f Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. • • • ghQuL$ (rhi¡jZ) : hm¡ `Z cp„N¡ _l] s¡hy„, flexible - - - NyS>fpsuAp¡_¡ "ãg¡[¼kbg' iåv$ h^pf¡ Nd¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsu õhcph_¡ `Z A_yê$` R>¡ R>sp„ s¡_p¡ Ap NyS>fpsu `ep®e lÆ Å¡CA¡ s¡V$gp¡ âQrgs _\u \ep¡. • • • ^pfp¡óZ (rhi¡jZ) : spSy>„ v$p¡l¡gy„ lp¡hp\u kl¡S> Nfd (v|$^) - - - i¡X$L$Y$p v|$^ dpV¡$_p¡ Qp„`gp¡ iåv$âep¡N. `f„sy s¡_u k„õL©$s R>V$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ `l¡gu ^pf_p v$pê$ A\hp hue®öph rhi¡_p riô$ humour sfuL¡$ âep¡Æ iL$pe. - - - NyfyÆ ^pfp¡óZ vy$Á^`p_ L$fhp rkhpe buÅ¡ L$p¡C Aplpf g¡sp _\u. • • • ÓpNy„ (_`y„kL$tgN) : `p¡sp_u dpNZu_p¡ buÅ `pk¡ õhuL$pf L$fphhp `p¡sp_u Ås_¡ `uX$hu s¡ (2) Æv$, lW$ (3) L$X$L$ DOfpZu - - - A_pds b¡W$L$p¡_p âï_¡ Äepf¡ Np„^uÆ ApdfZp„s D`hpk `f Esf¡gp Ðepf¡ Ap„b¡X$L$f¡ s¡_¡ ÓpNy„ NZpìey„ lsy„. kpdpÞe Æh_dp„ `Z bpmL$p¡, `Ð_uAp¡ L¡$ S>dpCAp¡_¡ ÓpNy„ L$fhp_u V¡$h lp¡e R>¡. - - - h¡hpC ldZp„ sp¡ L$iy„ bp¡gsp _\u, `Z gÁ__p d„X$`dp„ AZu_p kde¡ v$l¡S> dpV¡$ ÓpNy„ L$fi¡ sp¡? • • • Óprls (rhi¡jZ): AÅÎey„, unacqainted, (2) sV$õ\, disintrested - - - Ópk (l¡fp_Nrs) A_¡ ÓpX$ (b|d) S>¡hp iåv$p¡ S>¡hp¡ fZL$p¡ lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡_p¡ ip[åv$L$ A\® A¡hp¡ L$L$mpqV$ep¡ _\u. R>sp„ Äepf¡ Ap_p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ "g¡hpv¡$hp rh_p' S>¡hp¡ k|f _uL$m¡ R>¡. - - - Ap TOX$p¡ sdpfu A_¡ dpfu hÃQ¡ R>¡, s¡dp„ L$p¡C Óprls ìe[¼s_¡ ip dpV¡$ OkX$p¡ R>p¡? • • • Qp¡V$X|$L (rhi¡jZ) : Qp¢V$u fl¡ s¡hy„ (v$f¡L$ A\®dp„), sticky, clinging - - - gp„bu g` L$fsu ìe[¼s_¡ Qp¢V$Xy$ A\hp Qp¢V$Z `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡. `f„sy Ny„v$f, gplu L¡$ QpkZu S>¡hp `v$p\p£ dpV¡$ Ap iåv$ r_v$p£j cph¡ h`fpe R>¡. - - - dpfu `X$p¡iZ Qp¡V$X|$L$ R>¡, Äepf¡ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ L$gpL$-v$p¡Y$ L$gpL$ rh_p `pR>u _ Åe. • • • qL„$L$f (`y[ëg„N): _p¡L$f, QpL$f, a servant qL„$L$fu (÷utgN) _p¡L$fX$u, QpL$fX$u, a maid servant - - - k„õL©$sdp„\u âpL©$sdp„ Aphu_¡ gNcN h`fpidp„ AV$L$u Ne¡gp iåv$p¡. `f„sy period L$\p_L$p¡dp„ k¡hL$-k¡rhL$p L¡$ v$pk-v$pku L$fsp„ h^y kpfp¡ fZL$p¡ ^fphsp lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ D`ep¡N \sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. - - - Af¡ dlpfpZu, Ås¡ kp¡`pfu L$psfhp b¡W$p„? L$p¡C qL„$L$f-qL„$L$fu_¡ L$üy„ lp¡s! • • • L$gp„W$ (rhi¡jZ) : `pÆ, sp¡ap_u, bv$dpi - - - qL$ip¡fhe_p sp¡ap_u R>p¡L$fp dpV¡$ h`fpsp¡ sm`v$u iåv$, `f„sy Äepf¡ dp¡V$p dpZk dpV¡$ h`fpe Ðepf¡ s¡_p¡ A\® bv$dpi L¡$ gyÃQp S>¡hp¡ \pe R>¡. - - - Npd_p„ R>p¡L$fp„ cpf¡ L$gp„W$ R>¡, Ap„bp D`f L¡$fu V$L$hp S> _\u v¡$sp„. • • • AL$p¡Ï„ (rhi¡jZ): AsX$p õhcph_y„ of reserved temprament, unsocial - - - L$p¡C_¡ Ap`Z¡ c¡V$hp S>CA¡ A_¡ s¡ L$p¡Zu KQu L$ep® L$f¡ sp¡ L¡$hy„ gpN¡? fdsp„ fdsp„ qfkpC S>sp bpmL$_u body language `Z Aphu lp¡e R>¡. - - - A¡ Q„vy$X$p¡ R>¡ S> AL$p¡Zp¡! v$k hpf _p¢sfp„ d|L$ip¡ sp¡ `Z _l] S> Aph¡. • • • Db¡V (_`y„kL$tgN) : W¡$ku, AV$L$rZey„, a bolt, a wedge - - - sm`v$u iåv$ R>¡. NpXy„$ Y$pm `f Ecy„ fpMhy„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ `¥X$p„ _uQ¡ `\fp¡ L¡$ gpL$Xy„$ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ s¡_¡ Db¡V$ L$l¡ R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ L$p¡C _X$sfê$` syÃR> dpZk_¡ `Z "Db¡V$' L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. - - - `¥X$p„ _uQ¡ Db¡V$ d|L$p¡, _rlsf Y$pm_¡ gu^¡ NpXy„$ Esfu S>i¡. • • • Nsp_yNrsL (rhi¡jZ) : Ap„^my„ A_yL$fZ L$f_pfy„, NpX$qfey„, following blindly - - - "dlpS>_p¡ e¡_ Nsp: k `„\p:' _p b¡ A\® L$fu iL$pe. dp¡V$p dpZkp¡ S>¡ fõs¡ Åe R>¡ s¡ S> kpQp¡ dpN® R>¡! Nep s¡_u `pR>m Nrs L$f_pfpAp¡. - - - i¡fbÅf_p Dspf-QY$ph_u `pR>m Nsp_yNrsL$ âhplp¡ L$pfZc|s lp¡e R>¡. • • • Anp¥rlZu (÷utgN) : âpQu_ cpfs_p¡ gíL$f_p¡ A¡L$ dp¡V$p¡ A¡L$d, S>¡ 21,870 f\, 65,610 Op¡X¡$khpf, 1,09,350 `pev$m k¥r_L$p¡ A_¡ 21,870 lp\uAp¡_p¡ b_¡gp¡ lsp¡. - - - dlpcpfs_p„ eyÙ_p„ hZ®_p¡dp„ Ap iåv$ hpf„hpf h`fpep¡ R>¡. Ap„L$X$pAp¡_¡ Ýep_\u Å¡sp„ kdÅe R>¡ L¡$ s¡ 9_p NyZp„L$dp„ R>¡. 21870#3= 65610 A_¡ 21870#5= 109350. - - - Å¡ spfy„ d_ L$pef li¡ sp¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu Anp¥rlZu k¡_pAp¡ s_¡ eyÙdp„ _l] rS>spX$u iL¡$. |
 rhi¡j hp„Q_ : L$p¡grdõV • qfqX$a X$pefu • c|L„$`rhi¡j • k¡¼k L$p¡_®f • srbes • dyhuV$pBd • TV$`V$ fkp¡C • NyãsNy • hpsp® • NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f • õV$p¡fuV$pBd • rbT_¡kbps¢ • Anfp • dps©h„v$_p • R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„ | |
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