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lp¡d`¡S> > h^y kdpQpfp¡ >
rhv¡$i_p kdpQpf
Qu__p S>„Ngdp„ "ers' v¡$Mpep¡
1 Sy>gpB, 2003
kp¡dhpf¡ dm¡gp A¡L$ Al¡hpg A_ykpf dÝe Qu__p„ S>„Ngp¡dp„ A¡` hp„v$fp S>¡hp¡ v¡$Mpsp¡ 1.65 duV$f KQp¡ "h_dp_h' v¡$Mpep¡ lsp¡.
fpMp¡X$u f„N_p Ap "A¡`-hp_f S>¡hp Å_hf'_p hpm Mcp ky^u gp„bp lsp. Ðep„_p õ\pr_L$ fl¡hpkuAp¡_¡ s¡ "rbNazV$' _pd_p¡ h_dp_h lp¡hp_u i„L$p R>¡.
Ap "rbNazV$' ers_p _pd\u h^pf¡ ÅZusp¡ R>¡ A_¡ rldpge_p hZDL¡$gpe¡gp„ flõep¡dp„_p¡ A¡L$ R>¡. i¡f`pdp„ "e' A¡V$g¡ `h®s A_¡ "rs' A¡V$g¡ Å_hf s¡\u A¡ "`lpX$p¡dp„ fl¡sp Å_hf' sfuL¡$ `Z Ap¡mMpe R>¡. `ròddp„ A¡ "rsfõL$pfpe¡g rlddp_h' sfuL¡$ â¿eps R>¡. R>¡L$ 1800\u ers v¡$Mpep_p kdpQpf dmsp„ füp R>¡.
A^® dp_h A_¡ A^® hp_f A¡hp¡ Ap ers _¡`pg A_¡ rsb¡V$_p„ NpY$ S>„Ngp¡dp„ fl¡sp¡ lp¡hp_y„ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ðep„ s¡ "rdNy'_p _pd\u Ap¡mMpe R>¡.
Qu__p lzbCdp„ Aph¡gp i¡__p¡_rS>Ap_p„ S>„Ngp¡dp„ õ\pr_L$ f¡qX$ep¡ âkpfZ õV¡$i__p A¡L$ `ÓL$pf krls R> dpZkp¡ Üpfp Ap flõede Å_hf Å¡ep_p kdpQpf dmsp„ Qu__p S>„Ng Ar^L$pfuAp¡A¡ s`pkâq¾$ep Apv$fu R>¡, A¡d "TuÞlzAp' _pd_u kdpQpf k„õ\p_p Al¡hpgdp„ S>Zphhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.
ip„N T¡ÞNrd_ _pd_p¡ `ÓL$pf A_¡ AÞe `p„Q ìe[¼sAp¡ dyey Npddp„\u kp¢NbpC Npddp„ `pR>p afu füp lsp Ðepf¡ s¡d_¡ Ap Å_hf v¡$Mpey„ lsy„.
S>¡ NpX$udp„ s¡Ap¡ `pR>p afu füp lsp s¡ NpX$uA¡ `h®sue fõspAp¡ `f X$pbp lp\ sfa hmp„L$ gu^p¡ Ðepf¡ NpX$udp„ b¡W¡$gp Qpf dpZkp¡A¡ hp„v$fp S>¡hp A¡L$ Å_hf_¡ fõsp `f TX$`\u Qpgsp„ Å¡ey„ lsy„. `f„sy S>¡hp¡ NpX$uA¡ hmp„L$ g¡hp_y„ `|fy„ L$ey¯ L¡$ A¡ Å_hf A×íe \C Ney„.
DspfyAp¡ NpX$udp„\u _uQ¡ Esep® sp¡ Ðep„ s¡Ap¡_¡ 30 k¡[ÞV$qdV$f gp„bp„ `Ngp„ v¡$Mpep„ A_¡ fõsp _ÆL$_p S>„Ngdp„ spS>¡sfdp„ s|V¡$gu TpX$_u X$pmuAp¡ v¡$MpC.
R>¡ëgp L¡$V$gpL$ v$peL$pAp¡dp„ i¡__p¡_rS>Ap rhõspf_p k¢L$X$p¡ õ\pr_L$p¡A¡ ers Å¡ep_p¡ v$php¡ L$ep£ R>¡.
1980 A_¡ 1990_p v$peL$pdp„ Qu_¡ Ap AÅÎep Å_hf dpV¡$ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u ip¡^ Qgphu R>¡ `f„sy lÆ ky^u L$p¡C Qp¡½$k `yfphp dþep _\u.
`uV$uApB
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sdpfp dpV¡$
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