• NyS>fps A¡Vy$T¡X$
• Np¡^fp lÐepL$p„X$
• kyfs õ`¡rieg
• fpS>L$p¡V$ kdpQpf
• Adv$phpv$ õ`¡rieg
• L$ÃR>_p kdpQpf
• ap¡V$p¡N¡gfu
• Aep¡Ýep rhhpv$
• dyhuV$pBd
• TV$`V$ fkp¡C
• õV$p¡fuV$pBd
• râe qfqX$a
• dyipefp¡
• L$p¡grdõV
• d__
• Ap„ep„ b^p...
• NyS>fps_y„ Of¡Ï„
• Æhk©rô$
• A\®L$pfZ
• `pZukdõep
• qfqX$a X$pefu
• c|L„$`rhi¡j
• k¡¼k L$p¡_®f
• srbes
• NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f
• NyãsNy
• ^„^p`pZu
• rbT_¡kbps¢
• i¡fbÅf L$p¥cp„X$
• eyV$uApB L$p¥cp„X$
• `ep®hfZ
• Anfp
• dps©h„v$_p
• r\e¡V$f
• oprshpv$
• _pdphrg
• R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„
• hpsp®
• g¡M rhi¡j
• rQëgf
• W¡$W$ NyS>fps
• dõsu BT dõV$
• lkpefp¡
• lkNyëgp„
• Ap`Z¡ klz
• v¡$iuAp¡_y„ Ad¡qfL$p
• cpfs-`pL$ d„ÓZp
• L$píduf_u kdõep
• k„fnZ L$p¥cp„X$
• k„kv$ `f lzdgp¡
• spg¡bp_ `f sfp`
• Ad¡qfL$p `f lzdgp¡
• qfqX$a õ`¡íeg
• _¡V$NpBX$
• dygpL$ps
• d„Ngpô$L$
• qfqX$ad¡mp¡
• X$ped„X$qL„$N cfs ipl
• hufà`_ rhi¡j
• L$fyZpr_r^_u ^f`L$X$
• hus¡gy„ hj®
• bS>¡V$ 2001

Tips to Search   AÞe NyS>fpsu kpBV$

1947 `R>u cpfsdp„ A_¡L$ hpf _fk„lpf \ep R>¡, rlÞvy$-dy[õgd_y„ M|_ `pZu_u S>¡d hüy„ R>¡. `Z hjp£S|>_p¡ Ofp¡bp¡ ^fphsp rlÞvy$-dy[õgd `X$p¡iuAp¡_¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡L$buÅ_y„ M|_ L$fsp L$¡ L$fphsp cpÁe¡ S> Å¡ep R>¡. NyS>fpsdp„ Ap hMs¡ _fp¡X$p `pqV$ep lp¡e L¡$ kfv$pf`f Npd lp¡e, ÅZusp Ql¡fpAp¡A¡, S>¡d_p `f rhðpk d|¼ep¡ lsp¡ s¡hp `X$p¡iuAp¡A¡ lzëgX$dp„ cpN gu^p¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsu `X$p¡iu L¡$d lzëgX$Mp¡f bÞep¡?

Dh}i L$p¡W$pfu

Np¡^fpL$p„X$_¡ `Ng¡ \e¡gp„ sp¡ap_p¡dp„ NyS>fps_p„ A¡hp„ L¡$V$gp„e Npd g`¡V$pep„, Äep„ dpQ®, 2002 `l¡gp„ L$v$u L$p¡du tlkp \C _lp¡su. Adv$phpv$\u dp„X$ 30 qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f Aph¡gp dl¡dv$phpv$ S>¡hp A_¡ s¡_p\u `Z _p_p„ A_¡L$ Npdp¡dp„ rlÞvy$Ap¡ A_¡ dy[õgdp¡ h¡fcph rh_p ip„rs\u kp\¡ Æhsp lsp. `p¡s¡ S>¡ fus¡ Æhu füp R>¡ s¡_¡ "k¡¼eygqfTd' L$l¡hpe, A¡_p¡ `Z A¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„\u OZpMfp_¡ Al¡kpk _ lsp¡. dpV¡$ g¡V¡$õV$ a¡i_ âdpZ¡ s¡d_¡ "v„$cu rb_kp„âv$preL$' L$lu_¡ syÃR>L$pfu L$pY$hp_y„ `Z i¼e _\u. A¡L$ ApMp¡ hN® A¡hy„ dp_¡ R>¡ A_¡ d_ph¡ R>¡ L¡$ rlÞvy$-dy[õgdp¡ hÃQ¡ L$v$u kpfp k„b„^p¡ lsp _l] A_¡ lp¡C iL¡$ S> _l]. A¡ b^p gp¡L$p¡ v¡$Musu fus¡ Aphp„ L¡$V$gp„e NpdX$p„_u `qf[õ\rs_¡ Bfpv$p`|h®L$ L¡$ Aop_`|h®L$ Ýep_dp„ g¡sp _\u.

Aphp„ L¡$V$gp„e Npdp¡dp„ C.k. 2001_u qv$hpmu A_¡ Cv$ hMs¡ `f„`fp dyS>b k„¿epb„^ rlÞvy$-dy[õgdp¡ hÃQ¡ duW$pC_p¡ ìehlpf \ep¡ lsp¡. AdyL$ Npdp¡dp„ L$p¡du lzëgX$_p \p¡X$p qv$hk `l¡gp„ L$p¡C âk„N r_rdÑ¡ ep¡Åe¡gp S>dZhpfdp„ rlÞvy$-dy[õgdp¡ kp\¡ b¡ku_¡ S>çep lsp. dy[õgd `qfhpf_p âk„Ndp„ Ap¡mMusp-õ_¡lu rlÞvy$Ap¡_¡ _p¡sfy„ lp¡e A_¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡_p âk„Ndp„ dy[õgdp¡ lpS>f lp¡e A¡ hps NyS>fps_p„ A_¡L$ NpdX$p„dp„ blz kpdpÞe g¡Mpsu lsu. dl¡dv$phpv$ S>¡hp„ OZp„ Npdp¡dp„ rlÞvy$Ap¡_u gpNZu Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ dy[õgd eS>dp_p¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡ dpV¡$ AgN hpX$udp„ AgN S>dZhpf fpMsp lsp, S>¡_p¡ hluhV$ `Z rlÞvy$ rdÓp¡_¡ kp¢`psp¡ lsp¡. Ap b^u ApTpv$u `l¡gp„_p _l], `Z cpNgp `R>u_p S>dp_p_u-A¡L$hukdu kv$u_u hps R>¡, NyS>fps_p„ A¡hp„ k¢L$X$p¡ Npd lsp„, Äep„ cpNgp hMs¡ `Z L$p¡du tlkp L¡$ s_ph \ep¡ _ lsp¡. A¡ Npd_p rlÞvy$Ap¡ ^d®_p _pd¡ kÑp_p fp¡V$gp i¡L$hp BÃR>sp gp¡L$p¡_¡ fhpX¡$ QX$ép _lp¡sp A_¡ dy[õgdp¡ "l„k L¡$ rgep l¥ `pqL$õsp_, gX$ L¡$ g¢N¡ rlÞvy$õsp_'_u _pfpbpÆdp„ cþep _lp¡sp.

k¡¼eygqfTd sfuL¡$ S>¡_¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ (A_¡ hNp¡hhpdp„) Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ rb_kp„âv$preL$sp_y„ lpv®$ R>¡ : krlóÏsp. k¡¼eygqfTd rhv¡$iu ¿epg R>¡ L¡$ v¡$iu, A¡_u QQp®dp„ gdZp„_u _kp¡ M¢Qhp_u S>ê$f _\u. kp\p¡kp\, k¡¼eygqfTd _pd¡ v„$cu S> lp¡e R>¡, A¡hu il¡fu A_¡ L$p¡grdep A„rsdhpv$uAp¡_u hpsdp„ `Z sZpC S>hp S>¡hy„ _\u. k„¿epb„^ NpdX$p„dp„ hjp£\u gp¡L$p¡ A¡L$buÅ_u ^prd®L$ îÙp_¡ W¡$k _ `lp¢Q¡ A¡ fus¡ ip„rs\u Æhhp V¡$hpe¡gp lsp. NpdX$p„_p„ bÅfp¡dp„ rlÞvy$Ap¡ A_¡ dy[õgdp¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ A¡L$buÅ\u AgN `pX$u iL$pe A¡hu lp¡su _\u. A¡ S> fus¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡ A_¡ dy[õgdp¡_p„ Of A¡L$buÅ_¡ AX$uAX$u_¡ Aph¡gp„ lp¡e A¡ ×íe OZp„ NpdX$p„ dpV¡$ blz õhpcprhL$ R>¡ Ðep„ rlÞvy$-dy[õgdp¡ hÃQ¡ L$v$u sL$fpf \C S> _ lp¡e, A¡hy„ _\u. afL$ A¡V$gp¡ L¡$ A¡ sL$fpfp¡_¡ L$p¡du õhê$` A`psy„ _lp¡sy„. hps ¼epf¡L$ h^u `X¡$ Ðepf¡ Qpf hX$ugp¡ hÃQ¡ `X$u_¡ s¡_¡ hZkhp v¡$sp _l].

D`f S>Zph¡gu hpsp¡dp„ R>p„V$pcpf Arsiep¡[¼s _\u. sp¡ `R>u AÐepf ky^u kpfu fus¡ fl¡hp V¡$hpe¡gp gp¡L$p¡ Ap hMs¡ A¡L$buÅ_u vy$L$p_p¡-dL$p_p¡ bpmhp `f iu fus¡ Esfu Nep? A¡hp õhpcprhL$ khpg_p k„crhs S>hpbp¡ :

• L¡$V$gp„L$ AMbpfp¡_u bv$dpiu :

M|b h„Qpsp„ NyS>fpsu AMbpfp¡A¡ Np¡^fp_u Ny_pMp¡fu hMp¡X$u A_¡ Ðepf `R>u_u Ny_pMp¡fu_¡ hpS>bu W$¡fhu. Al] ApMp fpÄe_u QQp® L$fhp_p¡ Bfpv$p¡ _\u, `Z _p_p„ NpdX$p„dp„ dy[õgdp¡_¡ \e¡gp _yL$kp__y„ kpQy„ rQÓ Ap`hp_y„ AMbpfp¡A¡ dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ V$pþey„. A¡V$gy„ S> _l], _yL$kp_ h¡W$_pf dy[õgdp¡_¡ "cprh Ny_¡Npfp¡' sfuL¡$ Qusfsp b¡S>hpbv$pf Al¡hpgp¡ ârkÙ L$ep®. r_fy`Öhu A_¡ r_v$p£j lp¡hp R>sp„ _yL$kp_ h¡W$_pfp dy[õgdp¡ dpV¡$ AMbpfp¡_u A¡ bv$dpiu S>Md `f _dL$ S>¡hu b_u flu. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ NpdX$p„dp„ kf¡fpi dÝeddpN} dy[õgdp¡A¡ d_¡-L$d_¡ L$Ë$fhpv$u dy[õgd sÒhp¡_u ApN¡hp_u õhuL$pfu. AÐepf ky^u S>¡ L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡_p¡ AhpS> v$bpC_¡ füp¡ lsp¡ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ bv$gpe¡gp k„Å¡Np¡dp„ ApNm Apìep A_¡ ip„rs BÃR>_pfp-`p¡sp_u ifd\u TOX$p b„^ L$fph_pfp gp¡L$p¡_u kdpS> `f_u `L$X$ Y$ugu `X$u.

Apd, õ\pr_L$ AMbpfp¡A¡ A„rsdhpv$uAp¡ A_¡ fpS>L$pfZuAp¡ kp\¡ Mc¡Mcp rdgphu_¡ hpsphfZdp„ fl¡gp¡ s_ph S>mhpC fl¡ A_¡ h^¡ s¡_p dpV¡$_p cf`|f âkpep¡ L$ep®. s¡d_p¡ õhp\® : blzdsu hpQL$hN®dp„ gp¡L$râesp, kf¼eyg¡i__p¡ h^pfp¡ A_¡ kfL$pf_u "fp¡L$X$u' L©$`p.

• ip„rsâepkp¡ `f_p lzdgp :

Np¡^fp A_¡ s¡_p "âÐepOps' S>¡hp„ iê$Aps_p„ sp¡ap_ \C Nep `R>u `Z ip„rs_u hps L$fhu "rlÞvy$rhfp¡^u' NZpsu lsu. sL®$ A¡hp¡ lsp¡ L¡$ ""AÐepf¡ Ap`Zp¡ (rlÞvy$Ap¡_p¡) v$ph Qpg¡ R>¡, sp¡ b¡qV„$N qX$¼g¡f L$fhp_y„ iy„ L$pd L$lp¡ R>p¡? Ap gp¡L$p¡_¡ (dy[õgdp¡_¡) A¡hp¡ `pW$ iuMhhp_p¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡ afu KQp _ \pe.'' NpdX$p„dp„ ip„rs\u fl¡sp dy[õgdp¡_¡ Np¡^fpL$p„X$ `R>u _yL$kp_ h¡W$hy„ `X$éy„ lsy„. s¡_p dpV¡$ L¡$V$gpL$ õ\pr_L$ A„rsdhpv$u ApN¡hp_p¡ A_¡ Apk`pk_p„ Npdp¡dp„\u Aph¡gp„ dp¡V$p„ V$p¡mp„ L$pfZc|s lsp„. blzdsu rlÞvy$Ap¡ `Z OV$_p¾$d\u vy$:Mu _lp¡sp. s¡dZ¡ A¡ b_php¡_¡ "ApOps-âÐepOps' sfuL¡$ õhuL$pfu gu^p lsp. A¡ Mygpkp_u ep¡Áesp rhi¡ QQp® _ L$fuA¡ sp¡ `Z, hps A¡V$g¡\u AV$L$hu Å¡Csu lsu. buÆ sfa, L$Ë$fsphpv$uAp¡ BÃR>sp lsp L¡$ hjp£\u L$p¡du sp¡ap_u \ep„ _ lp¡e A¡hp„ Npdp¡dp„ Ap hMs¡ kmN¡gu ApN TX$`\u byTphu _ Å¡CA¡. r^½$pf A_¡ Arhðpk_u gpNZu gp„bp¡ kde Qpg¡ sp¡ Npddp„ rlÞvy$ rhõspf A_¡ dy[õgd rhõspfp¡_u kflv$ Ap„L$u iL$pe. Ðepf `R>u L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡_u ApN¡hp_u r_fp„s¡ Qpg¡. Ap v¡$irhfp¡^u rhQpf lsp¡ s¡hy„ L$l¡_pfp„ AMbpfp¡_u NyS>fps_¡ Mp¡V$ kpg¡ R>¡.

hpõshdp„, Apf„rcL$ sp¡ap_p¡ `R>u sfs ip„rs dpV¡$_p `f„`fpNs âepkp¡ (ip„rskrdrs-ip„rsepÓp hN¡f¡) N„cufsp`|h®L$ \ep lp¡s sp¡ hps ApV$gu hZku _ lp¡s, `Z A¡ hMs¡ L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡ õ\pr_L$ ^p¡fZ¡ \sp ip„rs_p _½$f âepkp¡_¡ L$p¡C `Z fus¡ sp¡X$u `pX$hp dpV¡$ L$qV$bÙ lsp. A¡L$ sb½¡$ A¡hy„ õ`ô$ \sy„ lsy„ L¡$ A„rsdhpv$uAp¡ dy[õgdp¡ L$fsp„e ip„rs_p QplL$p¡_¡ "Åqgd vy$íd_p¡' dp_¡ R>¡. kfL$pf D`f\u ip„rs_p âepkp¡_¡ dS>b|s V¡$L$p¡ Ap`su _ lsu. kfhpm¡ ip„rs õ\p`hp BÃR>sp gp¡L$p¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡_p¡ Öp¡l L$fu füp lp¡e A¡hu R>p` Ecu L$fhpdp„ Aphsu lsu. "AÐepf¡ ip„rs L$fphhp _uL$þep R>p¡, `Z Np¡^fp/L$pídufdp„ ¼ep„ Nep lsp?' A¡hp Np¡M¡gp khpgp¡ A„rsdhpv$uAp¡_p„ dy¿e i÷ lsp„. A¡ khpgp¡_p S>hpbp¡ kp„cmhp_u L¡$ õhuL$pfhp_u s¡d_u s¥epfu _ lsu.

AÐepf ky^u ip„s fl¡gp„ Npdp¡dp„ spÅ¡ S>Þd¡gp¡ Arhðpk v|$f L$fhp_p¡ A¡L$dpÓ fõsp¡ A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ d¡mp` ^ud¡ ^ud¡ h^pfu_¡ ANpD S>¡hp¡ L$fu _pMhp_p¡ lsp¡, `f„sy A¡ [õ\rs L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡_¡ d„S|>f _ lsu. dpV¡$ ip„rsâepkp¡_¡ V$p¡mp„_u dv$v$\u sp¡X$u `pX$hpdp„ Apìep A_¡ ip„rsâepkp¡ L$f_pfpAp¡_p¡ A¡L$X$p¡ "v„$cu rb_kp„âv$preL$p¡' sfuL¡$ L$pY$u _pMhpdp„ Apìep¡.

• Akgpdsu_p hpsphfZ_u ApX$`¡v$pip¡ :

28du a¡b°yApfu, 2002 `l¡gp„ S>¡ Npddp„ L$v$u L$p¡du sp¡ap_ _ \ey„ lp¡e A¡hp„ Npdp¡dp„ Np¡^fpL$p„X$ `R>u dy[õgdp¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ kmNphpC. s¡dp„ õ\pr_L$ gp¡L$p¡_u kpd¡gNufu lsu, `Z `l¡g L$f_pfp dp¡V$p cpN_p gp¡L$p¡ ApSy>bpSy>_p„ Npdp¡dp„\u V$p¡mp„õhê$`¡ Apìep lsp. A¡ hMs¡ õ\pr_L$ blzdsu_p¡ d|L$ V¡$L$p¡ Å¡C_¡ A„rsdhpv$uAp¡_¡ Å¡f QX$éy„. lzdgp_p `l¡gp fpDÞX$ `R>u s¡dZ¡ kpdpÞe gp¡L$p¡dp„ dy[õgdp¡ rhfyÙ kss r^½$pf A_¡ Arhðpk `¡v$p L$fhp_y„ L$pd L$ey¯. AMbpfp¡A¡ s¡dp„ e\pi[¼s apmp¡ Apàep¡. Npddp„ fplsL¡$ç` Qpgsp lp¡e sp¡ A¡_¡ lV$phhp_u dpNZuAp¡ L$fu. A¡ Npdp¡dp„ dy[õgdp¡ ip„s b¡W$p Ðep„ gNu s¡d_u `f eyÙ_u s¥epfu L$fhp_p Apfp¡`p¡ dyL$psp füp. Aphy„ hpsphfZ Óuk-Qpmuk qv$hk ky^u Qpëep `R>u, ip„rs_p¡ gp„bp¡ Brslpk ^fphsp„ Npdp¡dp„\u L¡$V$g¡L$ W¡$L$pZ¡ dy[õgdp¡_p `n¡ fl¡gp L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡A¡ lzdgp iê$ L$ep®. A¡ hMs¡ L$l¡hpsp rlÞvy$rlsfnL$p¡ A¡L$AhpS>¡ bp¡gu EW$ép, ""Sy>Ap¡, Ad¡ _lp¡sp L$l¡sp? Ap gp¡L$p¡ sp¡ bv$dpi S> lp¡e. AÐepf ky^u Nd¡ s¡hp kpfp k„b„^p¡ lp¡e sp¡ `Z R>¡hV¡$ Ås `f Nep rh_p _ fl¡.'' qv$hkp¡ ky^u S>¡ \ey„ s¡ "rlÞvy$Ðh' A_¡ Ðepf `R>u dy[õgdp¡A¡ S>¡ L$ey¯ s¡ bv$dpiu- Ap "Þepe' kss Arhðpk_p hpsphfZdp„ Npd_p kf¡fpi _fd rlÞvy$Ap¡A¡ `Z õhuL$pfu gu^p¡. dy[õgdp¡ sfa\u \e¡gp lzdgp `R>u s¡_p„ L$pfZp¡ rhi¡ rhQpfhp_u s¡d_¡ S>ê$f _ gpNu.

A¡ kp\¡ S> A_¡L$ Npdp¡ dpV¡$ õhpcprhL$ b_u fl¡gu L$p¡du A¡L$sp "cìe c|sL$pm'dp„ a¡fhpC. b¡ L$p¡d hÃQ¡_u bp¡X®$f A_¡ bp¡X®$f rk¼eyqfV$u ap¡k® R>¡L$ Npd ky^u Aphu Nep„. rlÞvy$Ap¡ A_¡ dy[õgdp¡A¡ A¡L$buÅ\u fnZ dpV¡$ sp¡tsN v$fhpÅ b_pìep. L$p¡C `Z hps_p¡ Ny„X$pNufu\u _l] `Z kdp^p_\u DL¡$g L$pY$u iL¡$ A¡hp gp¡L$p¡_p¡ AhpS> Npddp„ _ füp¡. _p_p„ Npdp¡_u Mprkes NZpsu b¡ Ap„Mp¡_u ifd S>su flu. AÐepf ky^u L$p¡du tlkp A¡ NpdX$p„ A_¡ il¡f hÃQ¡_p saphs_p¡ dlÒh_p¡ dyØp¡ lsp¡. lh¡ NpdX$p„ `Z "âNrs' L$fu Nep„. crhóedp„ Nd¡ Ðep„ L$p¡du R>dL$gy„ \pe Ðepf¡ Npddp„ s_ph kÅ®hp_u i¼espAp¡ dS>b|s A_¡ L$pedu b_u NC R>¡.

Ap kOmy„ _yL$kp_ kfL$pfu Qp¡`X¡$ L¡$ AMbpfp¡_p„ `p_p„ `f _p¢^psy„ _\u, L$pfZ L¡$ Ap _yL$kp_ s¡d_y„ _\u. fpS>L$pfZuAp¡ A_¡ R>p`p„hpmpAp¡_p fp¡V$gp i¡L$pC Nep R>¡. kpdpÞe âÅ_p cpN¡ Apìep R>¡ gpgQp¡m L$p¡gkp, S>¡ AÐepf_u DíL¡$fpV$cfu dp_rkL$spdp„ âÅ_¡ õhbQph_p blp_¡ Ap¾$dZ_p lr\epf S>¡hp gpN¡ R>¡. \p¡X$p hMs `R>u hpõsrhL$sp kdÅi¡ Ðepf¡ QpdX$u `f_p„ ap¡ëgp„ A¡V$gu lv¡$ hL$fu Q|¼ep„ li¡ L¡$ s¡_p„ r_ip_ Ap S>Þd¡ v|$f _l] \pe.

Dh}i L$p¡W$pfurgrMs AÞe g¡Mp¡
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u àguT, sd¡ fpÆ_pdy„ _p v¡$ip¡!
NyS>fps_p tlvy$-dy[õgdp¡_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ ku^p khpg
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u NyS>fps_p R>p¡V¡$ kfv$pf R>¡. qfegu?
NyS>fpsu "ÞeyV$_'_p (A^p¡)Nrs_p r_edp¡

Ap Al¡hpg Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?