L$p[Þs cË$

bQ`Zdp„ Ad¡ Mp„X$_y„ _pd S> kp„cm¡gy„ _l]. 65 hj® `l¡gp„ Adpfp Ofdp„ kpL$f- Np„NX$p kpL$f- S> h`fpsu lsu. Mp„X$ ANf dp¡fk sp¡ Nfub gp¡L$p¡ hp`f¡ s¡d Adpfp„ bp L$l¡sp„. ApS>¡ `Z kyfsdp„ A¡hp„ OZp„ Ofp¡ R>¡ Äep„ Mp„X$ _l] `Z Qpdp„ `Z Np„NX$p kpL$f h`fpe R>¡.

""Mp„X$\u lpX$L$p„ Nmu Åe'' s¡d Ad_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Aphsy„. kpL$f_¡ `Z spmpQphudp„ fMpsu lsu A¡V$gu d|ëehp_ NZpsu lsu.

HÁg¡ÞX$_u g„X$_ eyr_hrk®V$u_p ÞeyqV²$i_ qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV$dp„ âp¡. Älp¡_ eyX$qL$_ _pd_p `p¡jZip÷u lsp. Np„^uÆ\u eyX$qL$_ A_¡ eyX$qL$_\u Np„^uÆ âcprhs \ep lsp. âp¡. eyX$qL$_ L$l¡sp L¡$ Mp„X$_¡ s„Nu hMs¡ S> _l] `Z l„d¡i_¡ dpV¡$ s¡_p X$åbp_¡ spmy„ dpfu v¡$hy„ Å¡CA¡.

Mp„X$_y„ Ahd|ëe_ L$fsy„ `yõsL$ âp¡. eyX$qL$_¡ gM¡gy„ s¡_y„ _pd "àep¡f ìlpBV$ A¡ÞX$ X¡$X$gu' lsy„. s¡dZ¡ 1957dp„ ^X$pL$p¡ L$ep£ L¡$ Mp„X$_p Aplpf\u dpÓ X$pepbuqV$k \pe R>¡ L¡$ v$p„s bNX¡$ R>¡ L¡$ lpX$L$p„ Nm¡ R>¡, A¡V$gy„ S> _l] `Z Mp„X$_p Aplpf\u ùv$efp¡N hZk¡ R>¡. Mp„X$ A¡L$ ka¡v$ T¡f R>¡. s¡_¡ Of\u v|$f fpMp¡. bpmL$p¡_¡ Mp„X$\u v|$f fpMp¡.

Np„^uÆA¡ âp¡. eyX$qL$__u hps_¡ Ýep_dp„ gC_¡ s¡d_p Apîdp¡dp„ Mp„X$_p¡ h`fpi A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ sp¡ DfyguL$p„Q__p r_kNp£`Qpf Apîddp„ Mp„X$_p¡ h`fpi kph b„^ fp¿ep¡ lsp¡. Ðep„ Mp„X$_¡ bv$g¡ spX$Np¡m_u fku S> R>¡ëgp„ 50 hj®\u h`fpe R>¡. Mp„X$_u ApX$Akfp¡ lz„ ÅÏ„ Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ d_¡ Äepf¡ `Z Mp„X$_u s„Nu `X¡$ Ðepf¡ R|>`p¡ Ap_„v$ \pe R>¡. `f„sy NyS>fpsu N©rlZu sp¡ L©$rÓd s„Nu b_phhp ê$. 15_p qL$gp¡_p cph_u Mp„X$ S>ê$fu _ lp¡e sp¡ `Z v$pZphpmp_¡ Ðep„\u dNphu_¡ Ofdp„- âp¡. eyX$qL$__u cpjpdp„ "ka¡v$ T¡f' MX$L¡$ R>¡. âp¡. Älp¡_ eyX$qL$__y„ `yõsL$ âNV$ \ey„ A_¡ eyfp¡`-Ad¡qfL$p_u kyNf gp¡budp„ MmcmpV$ \C Ne¡gp¡. Ad¡qfL$_p¡ s¡ kde¡ hj£ kf¡fpi 95 fsg Mp„X$ dp\pv$uW$ Mpsp lsp. ApS>¡ dp\pv$uW$ 135 fsg Mpe R>¡.

NyS>fpsu bÃQp_¡ s¡d_u dpspAp¡ "X$Ng¡ _¡ `Ng¡' ka¡v$ T¡f MhX$ph¡ R>¡ L¡$ bpmL$p¡ `Z AÅZsp„ Mpe R>¡. v$pmdp„ Mp„X$, ipL$dp„ Mp„X$, \¡`gp„, crS>ep„, d|qW$ep„, Y$p¡L$mp„, BX$gu dpV¡$_u QV$Zu A_¡ BX$gu dpV¡$_p kp„cpfdp„ `Z Mp„X$ lp¡e R>¡. fpS>õ\p_ A_¡ `„Åb_p gp¡L$p¡ NyS>fpsuAp¡_¡ v$pm-ipL$dp„ Nm`Z _pMu_¡ Mpsp„ Sy>A¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ dp¡Yy„$ QY$ph¡ R>¡.

Nm`Zhpmu v$pm Mp_pfu NyS>fpsZp¡_¡ lz„ A`ug L$fy„ Ry>„ L¡$ Aõkg `„Åbu L¡$ fpS>õ\p_u dN_u v$pm L¡$ AX$v$_u v$pm L¡$ syh¡f_u v$pm S>¡dp„ rbgLy$g Nm`Z _\u s¡ MpAp¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ õhpv$ `pfMu Sy>Ap¡.

A¡L$ sp¡ bpmL$ Qp¡L$g¡V$, rQL$g¡V$, `u`frdÞV$, L$p¡L$pL$p¡gp, `¡àkuL$p¡gp, d¡L$X$p¡_pëX$_u f¡õV$p¡fp„_p„ S>„L$awX$ L¡$ buÅ s¥epf _põspAp¡ Mpe R>¡ s¡ sdpddp„ Mp„X$ lp¡e R>¡. b°¡X$dp„ `Z Mp„X$ lp¡e R>¡. v$pmipL$dp„ `Z Mp„X$ _pMu_¡ s¡d_p ifufdp„ Mp„X$_p¡ MX$L$gp¡ L$fp¡ R>p¡.

âp¡. eyX$qL$__y„ "Mp„X$ ka¡v$ T¡f R>¡' dsgb_y„ `yõsL$ sd¡ hp„Qp¡ sp¡ sd_¡ `Z Mp„X$_u s„Nu D`L$pfL$ gpN¡. N°pdS>_p¡_p Ofdp„ Mp„X$ h`fpsu _l]. eyfp¡`-Ad¡qfL$pdp„ 2500 hj® `l¡gp„ Mp„X$-kpL$f _l] `Z d^ h`fpsy„ lsy„. Mp„X$ ANf kpL$f A¡ rlÞvy$õsp__u v¡$_ R>¡. kpL$f-kyNf A¡ k„õL©$s _pd D`f\u Aph¡gp iåv$p¡ R>¡. k„õL©$sdp„ kpL$f_¡ iL®$fp L$l¡ R>¡.

kpL$f A_¡ i¡fX$u_p¡ kp„W$p¡ Ad|ëe QuS> NZpsp¡. `l¡gp„_p S>dp_pdp„ fpÅ_p Of¡ `yÓS>Þd \pe sp¡ N°pdS>_p¡_¡ kpL$f_p `X$p hl¢Qpsp. h¡rhipmdp„ kpL$f_p¡ `X$p¡ L$Þep_¡ iyL$_ê$`¡ A`psp¡. kpL$f_p `X$p_u Av$gpbv$gu \su. qv$hpmu `R>u v¡$hqv$hpmu Aph¡ Ðepf¡ NpdX$p„_p d„qv$fdp„ cNhp__¡ kp„W$p¡ kbpX$u_¡ `R>u S> i¡fX$u Mhpsu. cNhp__¡ "kp„W$p¡ kbpX$hp¡' A¡V$g¡ L¡$ cNhp__¡ i¡fX$u ^fu_¡ `R>u S> i¡fX$u Mhpe.

Ckhuk_ `|h£ Qp¡\u kv$udp„ rkL„$v$f cpfs D`f khpfu gpìep¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_p A¡L$ k¡_p`rsA¡ rkL„$v$f_¡ qf`p¡V®$ Ap`¡gp¡ L¡$, "kpl¡b, Al] A¡L$ L$p¥syL$ Å¡ey„. Al]-rlÞvy$õsp__p„ Npdp¡dp„ A¡L$ gp„bp¡ R>p¡X$ (i¡fX$u) \pe R>¡. A_¡ L$p¡C `Z d^dpMu hNf S> s¡dp„\u d^ S>¡hu duW$pihpmu QuS> dm¡ R>¡. S>¡ "R>p¡X$' L$l¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ s¡ i¡fX$u lsu.

L$p¡C `Z A¡_kpB¼gp¡`uqX$ep Sy>Ap¡ sp¡ S>Nsdp„ kp¥â\d i¡fX$u_u M¡su cpfsdp„ \su lsu. A¡ `R>u `ròd A¡riep, DÑf ApqäL$p A_¡ eyfp¡`dp„ i¡fX$u Aphu. q¾$õV$p¡af L$p¡g„bk_u kpky `pk¡ dX¡$fp_p V$p`ydp„ i¡fX$u_p„ M¡sf lsp„. Ðep„\u s¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ i¡fX$u_p R>p¡X$ gpìep¡.

i¡fX$u_p kp„W$p_u dÅ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡_u L$psmudp„ S> buS> lp¡e R>¡. buS>hpmu L$psmu L$p`u_¡ Å¡f\u S>du_dp„ ^fbu v$p¡ A¡V$g¡ i¡fX$u hhpC NC! Ad¡ dlzhp_u õL|$g_p h¡L¡$i_dp„ NpdX¡$ Aphsp Ðepf¡ Ad¡ `Z Aphu fus¡ M¡sfdp„ i¡fX$u fp¡`sp A_¡ `R>u ApMu i¡fX$u EN¡ s¡hp riepmp_u fpl Å¡sp.

HÁg¡ÞX$_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ Mp„X$-kpL$f_u kdS> _lp¡su. 1665dp„ HÁg¡ÞX$dp„ dpÓ 98 V$_ Mp„X$ Apeps \C. Mp„X$ D`f S>L$ps lsu. A¡ kde¡ Mp„X$ A¡V$gu dp¢Ou lsu L¡$ Mp„X$_¡ DdfphLy$Vy„$bp¡ "gp¡L$ A¡ÞX$ L$u'dp„ fpMsp„. A¡ `R>u ApS>¡ eyfp¡`-Ad¡qfL$pdp„ L$v$u S> Mp„X$_u s„Nu `X$su _\u. dpÓ _¡`p¡rge_¡ eyÙp¡ iê$ L$ep¯ A_¡ 1805dp„ i¡fX$u_u Mp„X$_u s„Nu S>ZpC Ðepf¡ _¡`p¡rge_¡ i¡fX$u_p rhL$ë`_p¡ R>p¡X$ ip¡^hp B_pdu õ`^p® ep¡Æ. s¡ õ`^p®dp„ buV$ê$V$dp„\u kpL$f b_phhp_y„ iê$ \ey„. A¡V$g¡ äp„kdp„ buV$dp„\u Mp„X$ L$pY$hp_p„ 40 L$pfMp_p„ iê$ \ep„. ApS>¡ L$pqW$ephpX$u gp¡L$p¡ eyfp¡`-Ad¡qfL$p Åe Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ ka¡v$ v|$^ S>¡hu TuZp c|L$phpmu Mp„X$ dp¡mu gpN¡ R>¡. buV$_u Mp„X$ i¡fX$u_u Mp„X$ S>¡V$gu Nmu lp¡su _\u.

buÅ rhðeyÙ `R>u 1947dp„ Ad¡ d¡qV²$L$_u `funp_y„ hp„Qhp DÅNfp L$fsp Ðepf¡ Qpdp„ Np¡m L¡$ `spkp„ L¡$ ¾|$X$ V$pB`_p Np¡mp-V$uL$X$u _pMsp lsp. Ad¡qfL$pdp„ `Z buÅ rhðeyÙdp„ Mp„X$_y„ f¡it_N \e¡gy„. rb°V$_dp„ _p_p„ bpmL$p¡hpmp„ Ly$Vy„$b_¡ S> Mp„X$ dmsu. Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Mp„X$_u s„Nu L¡$d `X$u?

Ad¡qfL$p_¡ eyÙ gX$hp dpV¡$ õdp¡L$g¡k N_`pDX$f_u S>ê$f lsu. s¡ dpV¡$ B\pBg ApëL$p¡lp¡g_u S>ê$f lsu. Ap `v$p\® i¡fX$udp„\u b_sp¡ A¡V$g¡ N_`pDX$f_p¡ D`ep¡N h^¡gp¡ s¡\u Mp„X$_u s„Nu Ecu \C lsu. A¡ hMs¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p v¡$iv$pThpmp gp¡L$p¡ Mp„X$ hNf_u L$X$hu L$p¡au `u_¡ v¡$iv$pT âNV$ L$fsp. ApS>¡ Mf¡Mfu Mp„X$_u s„Nu _\u, `Z Å¡ Mf¡Mfu s„Nu Aph¡ sp¡ s¡ AphL$pe® R>¡. NyS>fpsu N©rlZu A¡V$guõV$ v$pm-ipL$, \¡`gp„, Y¡$bfp„, lp„X$hp A_¡ afkpZdp„ Mp„X$ _pMsu b„^ \pe. `Z A¡hy„ b_¡ Mfy„? X$pepbuqV$k L¡$ QpdX$u_p fp¡Np¡ L¡$ v$d \pe sp¡ Nm`Z Ap¡Ry>„ L$fpe R>¡.

S|>_p S>dp_pdp„ ¼ep„ Mp„X$ lsu S>? v|$^, am A_¡ buÅ„ A_pS>-L$W$p¡mdp„\u Ly$v$fsu iL®$fp dmu fl¡su. A¡hu c¢kp¡ lsu S>¡_p„ v|$^ ÅZ¡ kpL$f c¡mhu lp¡e s¡hp„ duW$p„ lsp„. Adpf¡ 4 c¢kp¡dp„ S>¡_y„ v|$^ duW$pdp„ duWy„$ lp¡e s¡hu c¢k_¡ Ad¡ "kpL$f' L$l¡sp.

Th¡fQ„v$ d¡OpZu Nuf A_¡ Adpfp Np¡rlghpX$ `„\L$dp„ M|b af¡gp Ðepf¡ s¡dZ¡ "kpL$f' c¢k_p i¡X$L$Y$p„ A_¡ ÅZ¡ kpL$f _pMu lp¡e s¡hp„ v|$^ sp„kmudp„ `u^¡gp„. s¡ D`f\u s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ L$rhs fQ¡gy„ :

v$pX$dy„, duZgy„, lp¡X$Ly„$, v$X$L$gy„
N¡qgey„, dy„Ngy„ ê$` NZuA¡
kp„qY$ey„, bphgy„ ^°pM_¡ kpL$fy„
`pX$, NpX$v$ (c¢k) sZp L¡$d NZuA¡?

sdpd Y$p¡f_p cfhpX$p¡ L¡$ Np¡`pgL$p¡ Y$p¡f_p„ _pdp¡ fpMsp. s¡dp„ ^°pM A¡V$g¡ Öpn _pd `Z Aphu Åe R>¡!

A¡L$ L$l¡hs lsu L¡$ kpL$f\u df¡ sp¡ rhj _ v¡$hy„. s¡ L$l¡hs_p¡ dd® Sy>v$p¡ lsp¡. Å¡ duWy„$ bp¡ghp\u L$pd `su S>sy„ lp¡e sp¡ L$p¡C_¡ L$X$hy„ _ L$l¡hy„. `f„sy Ap NyS>fpsu L$l¡hs_p¡ âp¡. Älp¡_ eyX$qL$_ sp¡ ÅZ¡ rgV$fg A\® g¡sp lsp.

s¡d_p `yõsL$_p 27d¡ `p_¡ âp¡a¡kf¡ Mp„X$_p AhNyZ_¡ ìe¼s L$fsp¡ A¡L$ v$pMgp¡ Ap`¡gp¡.

A¡L$ rb°rgeÞV$ fkpeZip÷uA¡ A¡L$ â¡rdL$p (rdõV²¡$k) fpMu lsu. iê$dp„ â¡d dþep¡ `Z `R>u Ap â¡rdL$p_u dpNZuAp¡, L$X$hpi A_¡ ^©ô$sp h^hp gpNu. s¡_p\u R|>V$hp fkpeZip÷uA¡ Mp„X$_p AhNyZp¡ ÅZu_¡ â¡rdL$p_¡ Qp¡L$g¡V$, duW$pC A_¡ Nmu QuÅ¡_p `pk®g_p `pk®g c¡V$ dp¡L$ghp dp„X$ép„. â¡rdL$p Ap b^u Nmu QuÅ¡_u ìek_u \C NC. s¡\u Ap¡hf-BqV„$N L$fhp gpNu A_¡ s¡ `R>u s¡ Nm`Z\u \e¡gp ùv$efp¡N\u d©Ðey `pdu.

Mp„X$-Nm`Z_y„ `Z ìek_ \pe R>¡. ApëL$p¡lp¡g A_¡ sdpLy$_y„ ìek_ \pe R>¡ s¡d Mp„X$_y„ ìek_ \pe R>¡. A¡Vg¡ S> Äepf¡ S>L$ps L¡$ h¡fp_u AphL$p¡ L$fhp_y„ L$p¡C fpÅ_¡ d_ \ey„ Ðepf¡ v$pê$, sdpLy$ A_¡ Mp„X$ D`f S> iê$dp„ S>L$ps Aphu.

âp¡. eyX$qL$_¡ s¡d_p `yõsL$_p 13dp âL$fZdp„ Mp„X$_p h^y h`fp\u ifuf_¡ S>¡ _yL$kp_ \pe R>¡ s¡dp„ fp¡Np¡_u k|rQ Ap`u R>¡. Ad_¡ Qp¡dpkpdp„ Np¡m-Nm`Z Mphp_u d_pC lsu. dpsp L$l¡su L¡$, ""Ap„M Aph¡.'' âp¡. eyX$qL$_ L$l¡sp L¡$ Mp„X$_p h`fpi\u bpmL$p¡_u Ap„Mp¡ bNX$hp dp„X$u R>¡. Mp„X$ Mphp\u S> bpmL$p¡_p v$p„s bNX$ép R>¡. HÁg¡ÞX$dp„ R> hfk_p„ OZp„ bpmL$p¡_p v$p„s `X$phu_¡ `|fp„ Qp¡L$W$p„ _pMhp„ `X$ép„ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ s¡Ap¡ cf`|f Qp¡L$g¡V$ Mpe R>¡. A¡ sp¡ r_rh®hpv$ R>¡ L¡$ h^y `X$sp Nm`Z\u QpdX$u_p fp¡Np¡ \pe R>¡. ApS>¡ NqW$ep¡-hp hÝep¡ R>¡ s¡ Mp„X$_¡ Apcpfu R>¡. âp¡. eyX$qL$_ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Mp„X$\u guhf A_¡ qL$X$_u_¡ Mfpb Akf \pe R>¡.

ApS>¡ â¡[¼V$L$g ×rô$A¡ Å¡CA¡ sp¡ s„Nu_p hMsdp„ dp¢Ou Mp„X$ h^y MpCA¡ sp¡ ifuf_u kp\¡ sdpfp rMõkp_¡ `Z lpr_ sp¡ \pe S> R>¡.

L$p[Þs cË$ rgrMs ANpD_p¡ g¡M
A¡hp ^ufycpC NyS>fpsuAp¡_¡ afu _l] dm¡