Ardspc sp¡ Ardspc R>¡. s¡_p S>¡hp¡ buÅ¡ L$p¡C _\u. qbN bu_u gp¡L$râesp_¡ L$p¡C _ `lp¢Q¡. Ardspc ip dpV¡$ Ardspc R>¡? buÅ L$fsp„ s¡ L$C fus¡ Sy>v$p¡ `X¡$ R>¡? R>¡ëgp„ 30 hj®dp„ L¡$d buÅ L$p¡C A¡¼V$f_¡ Aphu gp¡L$Qpl_p _\u dmu? 1969dp„ kps rlÞvyõsp_udp„ `l¡gu hpf Aph¡gp g„byA¡ ApV$gu KQpC L$C fus¡ lp„kg L$fu R>¡?
s¡_p¡ A¡L$ S>hpb sp¡ R>¡ Ardspc_u qaëdp¡_¡ bp¡¼k Ap¡qak `f dm¡gu kamsp. s¡_u A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ qaëdp¡A¡ bp¡¼k Ap¡rak `f V„$L$ipm `pX$u lsu. qkÑ¡f A_¡ A¢ku_p v$peL$pdp„ Ardspc r_dp®sp, r_v£$iL$p¡ A_¡ rhsfL$p¡ ÓZ¡e dpV¡$ kp¥\u kgpds v$ph b_u Nep¡ lsp¡. ÓZ¡e dpV¡$ iåv$ dlÒh_p¡ R>¡. L¡$d L¡$ ApS>¡ kgdp_ Mp_ s¡_p r_dp®sp_¡ sp¡ Mpsfu`|h®L$ _pZp„ A`phu iL¡$ R>¡, `Z s¡_p rhsfL$p¡_¡ s¡hu Mpsfu _\u lp¡su. qX$[õV²$åeyV$fp¡ A_¡ A¡[¼TrbV$fp¡ dpV¡$ Ardspc S>¡hu N¡f¡ÞV$u buSy>„ L$p¡C _ Ap`u iL¡$.
iplfyM, Aprdf L¡$ AS>e v¡$hN_, Ar_g L$`|f, kÞ_u v¡$Ap¡g b^p_¡ Ap hps gpNy `X¡$ R>¡. ù[ÐhL$ fp¡i__u qaTpdp„ `Z s¡_p r_dp®sp_¡ `¥kp dmu Nep, `Z s¡_p rhsfL$p¡ fX¡$ R>¡. Ardspc_u hps S> Sy>v$u R>¡. buÅ¡ A¡L$ fpS>¡i MÞ_p S> lsp¡ S>¡ gp¡L$râesp_u A¡V$gu KQpCA¡ `lp¢Ãep¡ lsp¡. Ap b¡ S>¡hp buÅ ky`fõV$pf rlÞv$u qaëdp¡dp„ _\u Apìep.
buÅ lufp¡_u qlV$ qaëdp¡ A¡L$ kqL®$V$dp„ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep L$dpe, Ðepf¡ Ardspc_u kpdpÞe qaëd_¡ `Z A¡V$gp ê$r`ep kl¡gpC\u dmu Åe. v$p¡ Ap¡f v$p¡ `p„Q, s|ap_, N„Np S>dy_p kfõhsu Aphu L¡$V$guL$ qaëdp¡ R>¡ S>¡ kam _ lp¡hp R>sp„ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep L$dpC lsu.
Ardspc_p _pd `f ApMu qaëd Qpgsu A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ r\e¡V$fdp„ Aphsp. ApS>¡ A¡hp¡ L$p¡C lufp¡ _\u. iplfyM_u lp¡d âp¡X$¼i_ qaf cu qv$g l¥ rlÞvy$õsp_u `l¡gp qv$hk¡ dp„X$ dp„X$ Qpgu lsu. Ar_g L$`|f_u qaëdp¡ Å¡hp `l¡gp AW$hpqX$e¡ sp¡ L$p¡C S> _ Aph¡. ^ud¡ ^ud¡ gp¡L$p¡ Üpfp dp¥rML$ `[ågrkV$u \pe A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ L$l¡ L¡$ kpfu qaëd R>¡ sp¡ S> gp¡L$p¡ Å¡hp Aph¡. AS>e v¡$hN_ L¡$ Ane Ly$dpf_u `Z A¡ S> lpgs R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ kpfu qaëd R>¡ A¡hu Mbf `X¡$ `R>u S> Å¡hp Aph¡. s¡_u kpd¡ Ardspc_¡ Å¡hp dpV¡$ S> gp¡L$p¡ `l¡gp qv$hk¡ r\e¡V$f cfu v¡$sp.
1973dp„ âL$pi dl¡fp_u T„Tuf\u Ap qkgqkgp¡ iê$ \ep¡ s¡ `R>u S> Qpgsp¡ S> füp¡. 1974dp„ fp¡V$u L$`X$p„ Ap¡f dL$p_, 1975dp„ ei Qp¡`fp_u v$uhpf, fd¡i rkà`u_u ip¡g¡, 1976dp„ f¡Mp kp\¡ s¡_u `l¡gu qaëd v$p¡ AÞÅ_¡, 1977dp„ d_dp¡l_ v¡$kpC_u Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\_u hN¡f¡. 1978 sp¡ ky`fõV$pf dpV¡$ kp¥\u epv$Npf füy„ A_¡ X$p¡_, qÓi|g A_¡ dyL$Øf L$p rkL„$v$f ÓZÓZ ky`f qlV$ Aphu. s¡ `R>u_y„ hj® kpfy„ _ füy„ sp¡ `Z rdõV$f _V$hfgpg A_¡ kylpN kpfu Qpgu lsu.
A¢ku_p v$peL$pdp„ `Z Ardspc_p¡ Åvy$ Ap¡Nþep¡ _l]. s¡_u h^su Jdf `Z s¡_u gp¡L$râesp_u ApX¡$ _lp¡su Aphsu. ApS>¡ sp¡ lufp¡ A¡L$ v$peL$p¡ sp¡ dp„X$ `|fp¡ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. Ardspc 20 hj® ky^u khp£ÃQ kp\¡ AX$uMd füp¡ lsp¡. A¢ku_p v$peL$pdp„ fpd bgfpd, gphpqfk, _kub, MyØpf, A„^p L$p_|_, Ly$gu, ifpbu A_¡ dv®$ Aphu A_¡ qlV$ _uhX$u.
A¡ hps kpQu L¡$ Ardspc_p A¡ S>dp_pdp„ rhrX$ep¡ A_¡ L¡$bg V$uhu_u õ`^p® _lp¡su A_¡ d_p¡f„S>_ dpV¡$ gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ r\e¡V$f S> A¡L$ kp^_ lsy„. Å¡L¡$ buÆ bpSy> Ardspc dpV¡$ lpB` Ecu L$fhp dpV¡$ k¡V¡gpCV$ V$uhu S>¡hy„ dpÝed `Z Ðepf¡ _lp¡sy„. EgV$p_y„ hÃQ¡_p kdedp„ sp¡ s¡Z¡ â¡k kp\¡ Abp¡gp gu^p lsp.
Ardspc hk£V$pBg L$gpL$pf R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ v$f¡L$ hN®_p, L$np_p L¡$ Jdf_p v$i®L$p¡_¡ `k„v$ `X$u Åe R>¡. s¡_u gp¡L$râesp A¢N°u e„Nd¡__p fp¡g_¡ L$pfZ¡ lsu, `Z s¡Z¡ A¡¼i_rhlp¡Zu qaëdp¡ L$fu s¡dp„ `Z QplL$p¡_¡ r_fpi _lp¡sp L$ep®. A¡¼i__u S>¡d L$p¡d¡X$udp„ `Z s¡_¡ dlpfs lp„kg lsu. Qy`L¡$ Qy`L¡$ A_¡ Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\_u epv$ L$fu_¡ ApS>¡ `Z lkhy„ Aph¡. s¡_u kp\p¡kp\ qkgqkgp A_¡ L$cu L$cudp„ A¡L$ gpNZuiug â¡du_u c|rdL$p `Z s¡Z¡ A¡V$gu S> DÐV$L$sp\u cS>hu lsu. Ardspc¡ S>¡ f¡ÞS>_u c|rdL$pAp¡ L$fu R>¡ s¡hu cpÁe¡ S> L$p¡CA¡ L$fu R>¡.
Ardspc_u au `p¡sp_u `R>u_p _„bf¡ Aph_pfp L$fsp„ bdZu fl¡su. Ardspc¡ S> A¡¼V$f Üpfp V¡$qfV$fu_p lL$ g¡hp_u `f„`fp iê$ L$fu lsu. s¡ hMs¡ v$k hj® dpV¡ fpBV¹$k h¡Qhpdp„ Aphsp lsp, `Z Ardspc au sfuL¡$ l„d¡i dpV¡_p dy„bC S>¡hu dp¡V$u V¡$qfV$fu_p lL$p¡ gC g¡sp¡.
ApS>¡ ayNphp_¡ L$pfZ¡ qaëdp¡ 15\u 20 L$fp¡X$_p¡ rbT_¡k V¡qfV$fuv$uW$ L$f¡ R>¡. s¡ S>dp_pdp„ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$_p¡ Ap„L$X$p¡ Åvy$ S>¡hp¡ lsp¡. qkÑ¡f A_¡ A¢ku_p v$peL$pdp„ Ardspc_u OZu b^u qaëdp¡A¡ V¡$qfV$fuv$uW$ L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep\u h^y_u L$dpZu L$fu lsu. Qpf qaëdp¡ sp¡ b¡\u AY$u L$fp¡X$ `f `lp¢Qu NC lsu. ip¡g¡_¡ sp¡ `l¡gu S> hpfdp„ Qpf L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep dþep lsp. bpv$dp„ buÅ b¡ L$fp¡X$_p¡ rbT_¡k ip¡g¡A¡ L$ep£ li¡.
Ardspc_u gp¡L$râesp_¡ c|Np¡m_p kudpX$p `Z _\u _X$ép. gpW$u lp¡e, gyr^epZp lp¡e, gpsyf lp¡e L¡$ Np¥lsu lp¡e- Ardspc A¡L$kfMp¡ gp¡L$râe lsp¡. ApS>¡ kÞ_u v¡$Ap¡g_u qaëd DÑf cpfsdp„ Qpg¡. Np¡thv$p ey`u A_¡ rblpfdp„ S> Qpg¡, Äepf¡ iplfyM_¡ qv$ëlu, `„Åb A_¡ rhv¡$idp„ S> gp¡L$p¡ `k„v$ L$f¡. ù[ÐhL$_¡ AÐepf¡ b^¡ S> gp¡L$râesp dmu R>¡, `Z Åmhu iL$i¡ L¡$ L¡$d s¡ Å¡hp_y„ R>¡. rhv¡$idp„ `Z Ardspc_p _pd_p rk¼L$p `X$sp füp R>¡.
ApS>¡ sp¡ L$p¡C `Z qaëd_u fS>sS>e„su Nd¡ s¡d L$fu_¡ Np¡W$hu v¡$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ardspc_u qaëdp¡ sp¡ kpQp A\®dp„ fS>s A_¡ kyhZ® A_¡ àg¡qV$_d Äeyrbgu ES>hsu. Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\_u dy„bC_p„ _h qk_¡dp„Ofp¡dp„ 25 AW$hpqX$ep„ Qpgu sp¡ `Z gp¡L$p¡ ^fpep _lp¡sp. ApS>¡ `Z s¡ A¡L$ f¡L$X®$ R>¡. 1978dp„ Ardspc_u R> qaëdp¡_u fS>sS>e„su \C lsu, M|_ `ku_p, X$p¡_, N„Np L$u kp¥N„v$, qÓi|g, L$kd¡ hpv¡$ A_¡ dyL$Øf L$p rkL„$v$f. h^y A¡L$ f¡L$X®$. A¡ hj£ s¡_u kpsdu qaëd qfguT \C lsu s¡ A¡L$ S> fS>sS>e„su L$fu iL$u _lp¡su.
qaëdp¡_u kamsp_u hps bpSy>A¡ fpMp¡. Ly$gu_p i|qV„$Ndp„ s¡_¡ CÅ \C A_¡ lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ v$pMg L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ v¡$icfdp„ S>¡ lplpL$pf dÃep¡ lsp¡ s¡hy„ L$p¡CA¡ ¼epf¡e L$v$u Å¡ey„ _\u. ApMp v¡$i¡ s¡_p dpV¡$ âp\®_p L$fu lsu. A¡ qaëd sp¡ õhpcprhL$ fus¡ ky`f qlV$ NC lsu. gp¡L$p¡_u gpNZu_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ d_dp¡l_ v¡$kpCA¡ S>¡ ip¡V$dp„ Ardspc_¡ CÅ \C lsu s¡ qaëddp„ \p¡X$u hpf qäS> L$ep£ R>¡. ip¡V$ qäS> L$fu_¡ v$i®L$p¡_¡ dprlsu A`pC lsu L¡$ Al] s¡_¡ CÅ \C lsu. rhïhdp„ L$p¡C qaëddp„ Aphy„ _\u \ey„.
A¢ku_p A„sdp„ s¡_u Akf Ap¡kfhp gpNu s¡ `R>u `Z 1988dp„ il¡_ipl, 1990dp„ ApS> L$p AS>®y_ A_¡ 1991dp„ ld qaëd_¡ kamsp dmu lsu. s¡ `R>u hÃQ¡ ÓZ hj®_p¡ N¡` `X$ép¡ A_¡ Np¡thv$p kp\¡ 1998dp„ bX¡$ rdep„ R>p¡V¡$ rdep„ Aphu. s¡ qaëd Qpgu s¡dp„ Np¡thv$p_p¡ apmp¡ lsp¡ s¡_u _p _l], `Z Ardspc_u lpS>fu_u `Z AhNZ_p \C iL¡$ _l].
Ardspc¡ ÓZ hj® qaëdp¡dp„\u b°¡L$ gu^p¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u S> L„$`_u A¡bukuA¡g Üpfp d©Ðeyv„$X$ Üpfp `y_fpNd_u L$p¡rii L$fu s¡_¡ A¡V$gu S> S>bfv$õs r_óamsp dmu. V$uL$pL$pfp¡A¡ Ardspc_p _pd_¡ dp„X$u hpþey„. `Z bX¡$ rdep„, R>p¡V¡$ rdep„ A_¡ d¡S>fkpb_¡ L$pfZ¡ NpXy„$ NbX$sy„ füy„. s¡_¡ rbT_¡kdp„ r_óamsp dmu A_¡ A¡bukuA¡g¡ v¡$hpmy„ aw„¼ey„.
`Z s¡ `R>u A¡L$ _hp S> ê$`dp„ Ardspc gp¡L$p¡ kpd¡ Apìep¡. L$p¥_ b_¡Np L$fp¡X$`rs Üpfp V$uhu `fv¡$ Ardspc Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ `Z gp¡L$p¡A¡ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ s¡ blz dp¡V$p¡ Sy>Npf M¡gu füp¡ R>¡. s¡_p ip¡ S>¡hX$p¡ S>. `Z Ap ip¡A¡ s¡_¡ afu gp¡L$râesp_p riMf `f `lp¢QpX$ép¡ R>¡.
V$uhu_¡ L$pfZ¡ dp¡V$p `fv$p `f Ardspc_¡ dp„X$u hpmhp S>¡hp¡ _\u. Apqv$Ðe Qp¡`fp_u dlp¡åbs¢ A_¡ L$fZ Å¡lf_u L$cu Myiu, L$cu Nddp„ `p¡sp_u Jdf A_¡ dp¡cp_¡ A_yê$` c|rdL$pdp„ Ardspc Aphu füp¡ R>¡. dÅ_u hps A¡ R>¡ _¡hy„_p v$peL$pdp„ Ardspc¡ A¡hp qXf¡¼V$fp¡ kp\¡ L$pd L$e¯y lsy„ S>¡d_u AphX$s_u Mpsfu _lp¡su. `Z AÐepf_p s¡_p L$fZ A_¡ Apqv$Ðe S>¡hp qX$f¡¼V$fp¡ Ap S>dp_p_p _uhX¡$gp qX$f¡¼V$fp¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Ardspc Ap¡f A¡L$ ê$`dp„ QplL$p¡_¡ Myi L$fi¡ sp¡ _hpC _l].
Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?
skhufuepÓp
Ardspc sp¡ Ardspc R>¡. s¡_p S>¡hp¡ buÅ¡ L$p¡C _\u. qbN bu_u gp¡L$râesp_¡ L$p¡C _ `lp¢Q¡. Ardspc ip dpV¡$ Ardspc R>¡? buÅ L$fsp„ s¡ L$C fus¡ Sy>v$p¡ `X¡$ R>¡? R>¡ëgp„ 30 hj®dp„ L¡$d buÅ L$p¡C A¡¼V$f_¡ Aphu gp¡L$Qpl_p _\u dmu? 1969dp„ kps rlÞvyõsp_udp„ `l¡gu hpf Aph¡gp g„byA¡ ApV$gu KQpC L$C fus¡ lp„kg L$fu R>¡?