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ApS>\u 18 hj® `l¡gp„ BÞh¡[õV$N¡qV$h `ÓL$pf-g¡ML$ A¡X$hX®$ S>¡e B`õV$_¡ "^ fpBT A¡ÞX$ ap¡g Ap¡a X$pedÞX¹$T' _pd_y„ `yõsL$ âNV$ L$f¡gy„. s¡_u lÅfp¡ _L$gp¡ M`u Ne¡gu. `yõsL$dp„ lufp_u bÅf_¡, X$u rbek®_¡ s¡_u dp¡_p¡`p¡gu ANf L$pV£$g Üpfp L¡$hu fus¡ L©$rÓd fus¡ KQu fpM¡ R>¡ s¡_p¡ cp„X$p¡ ap¡X$ép¡ lsp¡. Å¡L¡$ Ðepf¡ X$u rbek®_u lufpbÅf D`f A¡V$gu dS>b|s `L$X$ lsu L¡$ A¡ `yõsL$_u L$p¡C Akf \C _lp¡su. B`õV$_¡ gM¡gy„ L¡$ sd¡ 10 gpM_p¡ lufp¡ Mfuv$u_¡ `R>u A¡ S> lufp¡ bÅfdp„ h¡Qhp ÅAp¡ sp¡ A¡L$ gpMdp„ L$p¡C OfpL$ _ \pe. Å¡ X$u rbek® bÅfdp„\u h^pfp_p fa lufp L¡$ v$pZQp¡fu_u bÅfdp„\u dmsp lufp Mfuv$u _ g¡ sp¡ lufpbÅf `pZu `pZu \C Åe.

lh¡ A¡X$hX®$ S>¡e B`õV$_¡ S>¡ _urs_u V$uL$p L$f¡gu s¡ L$pV£$g_u _urs_¡ X$u rbek® õh¡ÃR>p\u R>p¡X$u v¡$hp dpN¡ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ 60 hj®\u lufpbÅf_¡ [õ\f fpMu_¡ dpN-`yfhW$p_y„ b¡g¡Þk Åmhhp_u _urs fpMsu X$u rbek® L„$`_u lh¡ dpÓ dpBt_N A_¡ dpL£$qV„$N D`f S> Ýep_ fpMhp dpN¡ R>¡. bpfdu Sy>gpCA¡ g„X$_dp„ lufp_u "kpBV$' R>¡ Ðepf¡ X$u rbek® s¡_u Ap _urs Ål¡f L$fi¡, `f„sy s¡ `l¡gp„ g„X$__p "NpqX®$e_'_p `ÓL$pf X$p_ ApV$qL$_k__¡ Ap õL|$` dmsp„ s¡Z¡ 30 d¡, 2000_p "NpqX®$e_'_p rbT_¡k_p `p_¡ õV$p¡fu âNV$ L$fu R>¡. Å¡L¡$ dy„bC_p ârsr›$s lufp_p h¡`pfu âL$pi Th¡fu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ X$u rbek£ Ap õV$p¡fu "NpqX®$e_' Üpfp guL$ L$fu lp¡C iL¡$ R>¡. s¡_¡ S>fp Åmhu_¡ hp„Qhp S>¡hu R>¡.

"NpqX®$e_' dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ bpfdu Sy>gpCA¡ Ap h^pfp_p lufp bÅfdp„ Äep„ dm¡ Ðep„\u Mfuv$u gC_¡ õV$p¡L$`pBg L$fhp_u (L$pV£$g fQhp_u) _urs_¡ ÐeÆ v¡$hp_u Ål¡fps \i¡ A¡V$g¡ lufp_p DÛp¡Ndp„ M|b S> TV$L$p Aphi¡. 1930_p v$peL$pdp„ lufp_u bÅfdp„ kMs cfphp¡ \e¡gp¡ A_¡ lufpbÅf s|V$u `X¡$gu. A¡ bÅf_p s|V$hp kp\¡ X$u rbek£ `p¡sp_y„ L$pV£$g Ecy„ L$f¡gy„, `f„sy lh¡ L„$`_u dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ bk \ey„. lh¡ L„$`_u s¡_u A¡N°¡rkh dpL£$qV„$N _urs Üpfp lufp_u bÅf dpV¡$ qX$dpÞX$ `¡v$p L$fi¡. S>¡ L$p¡C `yfhW$p¡ Aph¡ s¡_¡ kyL$phu v¡$hp_u _urs R>p¡X$i¡.

X$u rbek®_u g„X$_ Mps¡_u k¡ÞV²$g k¡tgN Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ L„$`_u S>¡ ku.A¡k.Ap¡._p V|„$L$p _pd¡ Ap¡mMpe R>¡ s¡ õ`¡f X$pedÞX$_p¡ `yfhW$p¡ Mfuv$u g¡su lsu A_¡ fa lufp_p cph_¡ lp¡ëX$ (V$L$phu fpMsu) L$fsu lsu s¡ lh¡ h¡QpZ D`f S> Ýep_ Ap`i¡. dsgb L¡$ lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ v$pZQp¡fu_p lufp L¡$ kfL$pfu Np¡W$hZ blpf_p lufp guL$ \C h¡Qphp Aph¡ s¡_p D`f Qp¡L$u fpMhp_y„ Qp¡L$uv$pf sfuL¡$_y„ L$pd R>p¡X$u v¡$i¡.

Ap¡õV²¡$rgep_u lufp_u L„$`_uAp¡ s¡_p TuZp fa lufp kõs¡ cph¡ h¡Qhp dp„X$u A_¡ A¡ L„$`_udp„ Mpk L$fu_¡ ApNp®Bg L„$`_u dy„bC_p lufp_p L$pfuNfp¡_¡ aph¡ s¡hp TuZp lufp 1996\u qL$apesu cph¡ h¡Qhp dp„X$u. ApNp®Bg¡ A¡L$ `¥kp_p¡ `Z lufp_p¡ õV$p¡L$ fpMhp¡ `X$sp¡ _lp¡sp¡. s¡hu lpgs lh¡ X$u rbek® cp¡Nhhp dpN¡ R>¡. A¡hy„ d_pe R>¡ L¡$ X$u rbek£ lufp_p `yfhW$p_p `p¡gukd¡_ sfuL¡$ L$pd L$fu_¡ OZp rk¾¡$V$ A¡S>ÞV$p¡ dy„bC, s¡gAhuh, A¡ÞV$h`®, Þey ep¡L®$ A_¡ ApqäL$_ v¡$ip¡dp„ fpM¡gp. L¡$V$gpL$ äu gpÞk Åk|kp¡ `Z fpM¡gp. âpBh¡V$ BÞV¡$rgS>Þk A¡S>Þku L„$`_u Üpfp ÅZsu L¡$ dy„bC L$ep¡ h¡`pfu kuA¡fp rgep¡_ L¡$ A¢Np¡gp L¡$ buÅ v¡$ip¡_u b¡ _„bf_u bÅfdp„ Aph¡gp fa lufp Mfuv¡$ R>¡. lh¡ X$u rbek£ ÅZ¡ AMbpfp¡ A_¡ d¡N¡rT_p¡_¡ L$dphu v¡$hp lp¡e s¡d S>Nscfdp„ A¡X¹$hV$p®BtTN_u dp¡V$u Ty„b¡i D`pX$u lufp_y„ h¡QpZ dÝed hN®dp„ `Z h^pfi¡.

X$u rbek® dpV¡$ dpL£$qV„$N qfkQ® L$fsu L„$`_u b¡B_¡ L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ X$pedÞX$ rbT_¡khpmp s¡d_p h¡QpZ kpd¡ a¼s A¡L$ V$L$p S>¡V$gu Ål¡fMbf D`f fL$d MQ£ R>¡. lL$uL$sdp„ g¼Tfu QuÅ¡dp„ Ly$g h¡QpZ_u 10 V$L$p fL$d A¡X$¹hV$p®BtTN D`f MQ®hu Å¡CA¡. L„$`_u_p d¡_¡tS>N qX$f¡¼V$f rdN¡f fpëa BÃR>¡ R>¡ L¡$ lufpDÛp¡Ndp„ sdpd gp¡L$p¡ dpL£$qV„$N D`f dlÑd MQ® L$f¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ "X$pedÞX$ BT ap¡f A¡hf'_p k|Ó_¡ kp\®L$ L$f¡.

X$u rbek®_u lufp_u MpZp¡ AÐepf¡ S>Ns_p Ly$g lufpdp„\u `Qpk V$L$p lufp `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_p A¡q¾$X¡$V¡$X$ "b°p¡L$k®' A\hp dpÞe h¡`pfuAp¡ S>¡dp„ dy„bC_p cfsLy$dpf ipl_u L„$`_u A_¡ bu.AfyZLy$dpf_u L„$`_u `Z R>¡ s¡ b^p g„X$__u l¡Ë$_ NpX®$_dp„ Aph¡gu ku.A¡k.Ap¡._u Ap¡qak¡ ApNpdu bpfdu Sy>gpCA¡ "kpBV$'_p lufp Mfuv$hp S>i¡.

X$u rbek£ 1989-90_p hj®dp„ lufp_u s¡Ædp„ M|b _ap¡ L$f¡gp¡, `f„sy s¡ `R>u kp¡rhe¡s eyr_e_ s|V$u `X$éy„ A_¡ ApqäL$pdp„ Ap„sqfL$ rhN°l `R>u "N¡fL$p_|_u' lufp_p¡ âhpl M|b h^u S>sp„ A¡ lufp Mfuv$u_¡ s¡_p¡ õV$p¡L$ fpMhp S>sp„ ce„L$f ìepS>Mp^ gpNu. s¡\u i¡flp¡ëX$fp¡_p lp\dp„ L„$C Aphsy„ _l]. 1996 ky^u Ap¡õV²¡$rgep_u ApNp®Bg L„$`_u X$u rbek®_p L$pV£$gdp„ lsu, `Z s¡Z¡ X$u rbek®_¡ R>p¡X$u v$u^y„. A¡L$ sb½¡$ X$u rbek® `pk¡ `p„Q AbS> X$p¡gf_p¡ õV$p¡L$ `pBg \e¡gp¡. âL$pi Th¡fu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ L$v$pQ A¡hy„ b_¡ L¡$ Aphu Ål¡fps L$fu_¡ "N¡fL$p_|_u' bÅfdp„\u fa lufp Mfuv$_pf_¡ X$u rbek® Q¡shhp dpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡ lufp lh¡ `R>u dp¢Op `X$i¡. sd¡ Adpfu `pk¡\u S> lh¡ qL$apes cph¡ Mfuv$u iL$ip¡.

X$u rbek£ 1997-98 lufpbÅfdp„ cfphp¡ \sp„ dp¡V¡$ `pe¡ cph V$L$phhp 5 AbS> X$p¡gf_p lufp Mfuv¡$gp. v$fhj£ k¡ÞV²$g k¡tgN Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ ê$. 25 AbS>_p fa lufp h¡Q¡ R>¡. AÐepf¡ Ap õV$p¡L$ Ap¡R>p¡ \ep¡ R>¡, `f„sy X$u rbek®_p i¡flp¡ëX$fp¡_¡ Mpk gpc \ep¡ _\u. Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ eyfp¡`dp„ 1930_p v$peL$pdp„ qX$â¡i_ Apìey„ Ðepf¡ X$u rbek®_p õ\p`L$ k¡rkg f¹lp¡X¹$T¡ `p¡sp_y„ L$pV£$g Ecy„ L$fu_¡ S>Nsdp„ S>¡ L$p¡C fa lufp h¡Qhp s¥epf lp¡e s¡ lufp Mfuv$hp dp„X$ép lsp. Aphu _urs kam \C A_¡ s¡dp„\u k¡ÞV²$g k¡tgN Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ Ecy„ \ey„. 1952_p v$peL$pdp„ kp¡rhe¡s friepA¡ `p¡sp_p„ kp^_p¡ Üpfp lufp h¡Qhp dp„X$ép. X$u rbek® kp\¡ L$fpfc„N L$fu_¡ frie_ v¡$ip¡ Aphy„ L$fsp lsp. N¡fL$p_|_u dpN£ lufp h¡Qpsp lsp s¡ b„^ L$fhp dpV¡$ X$u rbek£ rb°V$__u Åk|ku k„õ\p A¡d.ApB. 5_p c|s`|h® hX$p kf `k} rkrgV$p¡e_¡ KQp `Npf¡ "X$pedÞX$ rk¼eyqfV$u _¡V$hL®$' _pd_p s„Ó_p hX$p b_pìep A_¡ dy„bC, A¡ÞV$h`® L¡$ Äep„ `Z N¡fL$p_|_u fus¡ h¡Qpe s¡_p D`f _S>f fpMhp dp„X$u. ^pfp¡ L¡$ dy„bC_p¡ L$p¡C h¡`pfu S>¡ ku.A¡k.Ap¡._u kpBV$ ^fphsp¡ lp¡e s¡ L$p¡C N¡fL$p_|_u dpN£ lufp Mfuv¡$ sp¡ s¡_u kpBV$ S>às L$fpsu lsu.

ApqäL$pdp„ kuA¡fp rgep¡_ A_¡ A¢Np¡gpdp„ rkrhg hp¡f Qpg¡ R>¡ Ðep„ bmhpMp¡fp¡ v$fhj£ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep_p lufp L$pY$u_¡ friep_p ey¾¡$_, bëN¡qfep hN¡f¡ v¡$ip¡dp„ S>C_¡ h¡Q¡ R>¡ A_¡ lufp_p bv$gpdp„ i÷p¡ d¡mh¡ R>¡. fa lufp_u kõsu bÅf AÐepf¡ ey¾¡$_ A_¡ bëN¡qfepdp„ R>¡. A¢Np¡gp_p N¡fugp _¡sp Å¡_pk kprhçbuA¡ v$k hj®dp„ ê$r`ep 140 AbS>_p„ i÷p¡ MfuÛp„ R>¡. s¡ b^u S> A¡V$g¡ L¡$ ê$r`ep 140 AbS>_u fL$d s¡Z¡ Qp¡fuR|>`u\u h¡Q¡gp lufpdp„\u dmu R>¡. gpBbuqfep _pd_p buÅ v¡$idp„\u v$fhj£ Qp¡fuR|>`u\u ê$r`ep 1300 L$fp¡X$_p lufp h¡Qpep R>¡. gpBbuqfepdp„ Å¡ L$p¡C dy„bC_p¡ lufp_p¡ h¡`pfu Q|`Qp` S>sp¡ lp¡e sp¡ dp_hy„ L¡$ s¡ kõsp fa lufp g¡hp Nep¡ R>¡. kuA¡fp rgep¡__p N¡fugpAp¡ lufp_u MpZ_p lufp Qp¡fu_¡ v$fhj£ gpBbuqfep Üpfp ê$r`ep 1300 L$fp¡X$\u ê$r`ep 1400 L$fp¡X$_p lufp h¡Q¡ R>¡. gpBbuqfepdp„ Å¡L¡$ A¡L$ lufp¡e `pL$sp¡ _\u.

Ad¡qfL$_ õV¡$V$ qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV$_p¡ A„v$pS> R>¡ L¡$ rhð_p¡ S>¡ fa lufp_p¡ h¡`pf R>¡ s¡dp„\u v$k\u `„v$f V$L$p A¡V$g¡ L¡$ `p„Q AbS>\u kps AbS> X$p¡gf_p¡ h¡`pf v$pZQp¡fu\u dm¡gp fa lufp_p¡ R>¡. Ap lufpdp„\u A¡.L¡$. 47 hN¡f¡ i÷p¡ Mfuv$pe R>¡. X$urbek® L„$`_u `Z Aphp lufp Mfuv$su lsu, `f„sy bpfdu Sy>gpC\u s¡ Mfuv$u b„^ L$fi¡. kyv$p_, rTçbpåh¡, kpÞX$p byfyÞX$u A_¡ eyNpÞX$p_p v¡$ip¡ kuA¡fp rgep¡__p N¡fugpAp¡_¡ lufp_p„ `X$uL$p„_p bv$gpdp„ i÷p¡ A_¡ k¥r_L$p¡ `|fp `pX¡$ R>¡. rTçbpåh¡_¡ i÷p¡_p bv$gpdp„ sp¡ AY$mL$ lufp dm¡ R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ cpfsue h¡`pfuAp¡ lfpf¡\u kõsp fa lufp õdNtgN\u dy„bC gph¡ R>¡.

friep_p¡ L¡$.Æ.bu._p¡ A¡L$ c|s`|h® Åk|k vy$bC\u A¡L$ A¡fkrh®k Qgph¡ R>¡. L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ D`f_p ApqäL$_ v¡$ip¡dp„ Ap rhdp_p¡dp„ i÷p¡ gC S>hpe R>¡ A_¡ bv$gpdp„ s¡dp„ lufp ghpe R>¡. s¡ fqie_ Åk|k_¡ v$rnZ ApqäL$_ h¡`pfu dv$v$ L$f¡ R>¡. Å¡lr_kbN®dp„ `Z lufp_u b¡ _„bf_u dp¡V$u bÅf R>¡. s¡dp„ L¡$V$gpL$ NyS>fpsu lufp_p h¡`pf kp\¡ q¾L¡$V$_p¡ Sy>Npf `Z fd¡ R>¡. ey¾¡$_ sp¡ fa lufp Mfuv$hp-h¡Qhp_y„ L¡$ÞÖ bÞey„ R>¡. kuA¡fp rgep¡__p bmhpMp¡fp¡ fa lufp h¡Qu_¡ kp¡rhe¡s kfa¡k-Vy$-A¡f-rdkpBgp¡ Mfuv¡$ R>¡.

S>Ns_p 65 V$L$p lufp_p¡ h¡`pf A¡ÞV$h`® Üpfp \pe R>¡. ApqäL$p_p gp¡rlepm eyÙdp„ gp¡lu\u f„Npe¡gp lufp A¡ÞV$h`®_u bÅfdp„\u elwv$uAp¡ A_¡ `pg_`yfuAp¡ Mfuv¡$ R>¡. v$fhj£ A¡ÞV$h`®_u lp¡h_¡f õV²$uV$dp„ 20 AbS> X$p¡gf_p lufp_p kp¡v$p \pe R>¡. Ap õV²$uV$dp„ `p„Q dy¿e X$pedÞX$ A¡¼kQ¡ÞS> R>¡. A¡ÞV$h`®_u X$pedÞX$ lpC L$pD[Þkg_¡ Ap lufp v$pZQp¡fu_p R>¡ s¡_u `l¡gp„ L$p¡C `X$u _lp¡su, `Z lh¡ ApqäL$p_p gp¡rlepm âv¡$i_p lufp _ Mfuv$hp_y„ _½$u \ey„ R>¡. A¡d R>sp„ g„X$__p AMbpf_p¡ A_ych R>¡ L¡$ lÆ v$pZQp¡fu_p ApqäL$_ lufp A¡ÞV$h`®dp„ h¡Qpe R>¡. A¡L$ hMs lufp `p¡rgíX$ \C Åe `R>u s¡ L$C MpZ_p R>¡ s¡ Ap¡mMu iL$psy„ _\u. k„ey¼s fpô²$k„O_p A¡L$ Al¡hpgdp„ A¡ÞV$h`®_¡ lufp_p v$pZQp¡fp¡_y„ õhN® Ap¡mMphpey„ R>¡.

A¡d S>Zpe R>¡ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$_ õV¡$V$ qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV¡$ X$u rbek®_y„ _pL$ v$bpìey„ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡Z¡ ApqäL$_ v¡$ip¡ kp\p¡kp\ buÅ L$p¡C `Z v¡$i_p N¡fL$p_|_u fõs¡ Aph¡gp lufp _l] Mfuv$hp_u Ål¡fps L$fu R>¡. L$v$pQ Ap Ål¡fps Ad¡qfL$p_¡ k„sp¡jhp `Z lp¡e, L$pfZ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ X$u rbek® dp¡V¡$ `pe¡ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡. g„X$__y„ "Ap¡åTh®f' qX$àgp¡d¡qV$L$ â¡if_u hps L$f¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s buSy>„ A¡L$ a¡¼V$f Dd¡fpey„ R>¡. L¡$_¡X$p_u lufp_u _hu MpZp¡_p fa lufp `Z rhðbÅfdp„ Aphhp gpÁep R>¡. D`fp„s rkÞ\¡qV$L$ X$pedÞX$_u dp¡V$u bÅf Ecu \C R>¡. dp¡Bk¡_pBV$ _pd_p `Õ\f qfeg lufp S>¡hp v¡$Mpe R>¡. epv$ fl¡ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ ^„^p_u dp¡_p¡`p¡gu kpd¡ A¡[ÞV$V²$õV$ L$p_|_ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ X$u rbek®_p bp¡X®$hpmu L„$`_u Ad¡qfL$pdp„ L$pd L$fu iL$su _\u. L$v$pQ X$u rbek£ L$pV£$g_u _urs R>p¡X$hp_y„ s¡\u S> Ål¡f L$ey¯ lp¡e.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
ipfÅl_p q¾$L¡$V$_u Ap`husu
Qu__p Ql¡fp_¡ Ap¡mMp¡
qaÆdp„ NyS>fpsu `V¡$gp¡_u vy$L$p_p¡ g|„V$pC
dpfy„ Ad¡qfL$p_y„ rdi_ : `ÓL$pfÐh _l], `Z cË$Æ b_u_¡ eS>dp__¡ S>dpX$hp_y„
dy„bCNfp `ÓL$pf¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ iy„ Å¡ey„
R> drl_p\u NyS>fps kfL$pf KOsu lsu?
ApBA¡dA¡a A_¡ rhðb¡ÞL$ kpd¡ gX$_pfpAp¡
l¡Þku ¾$p¡r_e¡ A_¡ buÅ q¾$L¡$V$fp¡ R>V$L$u S>i¡...
gp¡k Ap¡a a¡Bk : dp_hu_u ifdu A_¡ b¡ifdu
Ap¸õL$pf rhS>¡sp d¸ÞX$uk : "Ad¡qfL$_ åeyV$u'_p ÅZhp S>¡hp qv$Áv$i®L$

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?


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