kp¥fpô²$_p kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h_p d„qv$f_p¡ cìe Brslpk

kp¥fpô²$dp„ Afbu kdyÖ_¡ L$p„W¡$ Aph¡gp NN_Qy„bu kp¡d_p\ d„qv$f¡ AÐepf ky^udp„ S>¡V$gp rhhpv$p¡ `¡v$p L$ep® R>¡ s¡V$gp cpÁe¡ S> L$p¡C rlÞvy$ d„qv$f¡ L$ep® li¡. 1947dp„ cpfs_¡ õhs„Ósp dmu Ðepf¡ õhs„Ó cpfs_u kfL$pf¡ cÁ_ d„qv$f_p Ahi¡jp¡ D`f _hy„ cìe d„qv$f Ecy„ L$fhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu Ðepf¡ dp¡V$p¡ rhhpv$ \ep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ rb_kp„âv$preL$ v¡$i_u kfL$pf L$p¡C Mpk ^d®_p d„qv$f_y„ r_dp®Z L¡$hu fus¡ L$fu iL$¡. Å¡L¡$ cpfs_p gp¡M„X$u `yfyj NZpsp kfv$pf hëgccpC `V¡$g Ap d„qv$f_p `y_fyÐ\p_ dpV¡$ d½$d lsp.

1947_u 13 _h¡çbf¡ s¡dZ¡ kp¡d_p\ d„qv$f_p Ahi¡jp¡_u dygpL$ps gu^u lsu A_¡ Afbu kdyÖ_y„ `pZu lp\dp„ gC ârsop L$fu lsu L¡$ s¡Ap¡ Ap d„qv$f_p¡ rS>Zp£Ùpf L$fphu_¡ S> fl¡i¡. Ap d„qv$f_y„ bp„^L$pd iê$ \ey„ s¡_u kyhZ® S>e„su_u DS>hZu Aphsu 21 a¡b°yApfu\u iê$ \C flu R>¡ Ðepf¡ A¡L$ _hp¡ rhhpv$ `¡v$p \hp_u k„cph_p R>¡.

h¡fphm\u ÓZ qL$gp¡duV$f A_¡ S|>_pNY$\u 59 qL$gp¡duV$f_¡ A„sf¡ Aph¡gy„ kp¡d_p\ su\® Apif¡ R> lÅf hj® âpQu_ lp¡hp_y„ d_pe R>¡. âpQu_ ^d®N°„\p¡dp„ s¡_p¡ Dëg¡M âcpk`pV$Z sfuL¡$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. v$qfepqL$_pf¡ Aph¡gy„ kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h_y„ d„qv$f `Z ÓZ lÅf hj®_p¡ cìe Brslpk ^fph¡ R>¡.

Ap d„qv$f kps hMs sp¡X$hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ hMs¡ afu\u bp„^hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. âcpk`pV$Z su\®_p„ Ly$g 21 _pdp¡ BrslpkL$pf i„cyâkpv$ v¡$kpCA¡ _p¢Ýep„ R>¡. Ap _pdp¡dp„ cpõL$f su\®, lf_Nf, qih_Nf, kyf`pV$Z, kp¡d¡ðf, kp¡d_p\`yf hN¡f¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡.

cpfsdp„ i„L$f cNhp__p„ S>¡ 12 Äep¡rsrg¯N Aph¡gp„ R>¡, s¡dp„_y„ kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h `Z A¡L$ R>¡. k„õL©$s cpjpdp„ "kp¡d' iåv$_p¡ A\® Q„Ö \pe R>¡. i„L$f cNhp__p dõsL$ `f l„d¡ip„ A^®Q„Ö lp¡e R>¡. s¡_p D`f\u Ap d„qv$f kp¡d_p\ d„qv$f sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. A¡L$ S>dp_pdp„ kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$fdp„ b¡ lÅf b°pûZ `yfp¡rlsp¡ `|Å`pW$ L$fsp lsp A_¡ v$k lÅf NpdX$p„Ap¡ s¡d_p r_cph dpV¡$ c¡V$ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep„ lsp„.

v„$sL$\p A¡hu R>¡ L¡$ `p¡sp_p r`sp v$n âÅ`rs_p ip`dp„\u dy¼s \hp dpV¡$ Q„Ö `p¡sp_u `Ð_u fp¡rlZu kp\¡ âcpk`pV$Z_p "õ`i®tgN'_u `|Å L$fhp Apìep¡ lsp¡. i„L$f cNhp_¡ âkÞ_ \C Q„Ö_p¡ AX$^p¡ ip` v|$f L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ Q„Ö 15 rv$hk iy¼g `ndp„ A_¡ 15 qv$hk L©$óZ `ndp„ fl¡ R>¡. F>Áh¡v$ S>¡hp rlÞvy$Ap¡_p âpQu_ N°„\dp„ `Z cNhp_ kp¡d¡ðf_p¡ Dëg¡M Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

313_u kpg Apk`pk gMpe¡gp QpZ¼e_p A\®ip÷dp„ `Z kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f_p¡ Dëg¡M R>¡. s¡_p D`f\u A¡hy„ dp_hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap d„qv$f Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ ÓZ lÅf hj® S|>_y„ lp¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. âcpk`pV$Zdp„ L$f¡gp Mp¡v$L$pddp„ `Z lX$à`p A_¡ dp¡l¢-Å¡- v$X$p¡ S>¡hp Ahi¡jp¡ âpàs \ep R>¡. fpdpeZ A_¡ dlpcpfs S>¡hp„ dlpL$pìep¡dp„ `Z âcpk A_¡ âpQu su\p£_p¡ Dëg¡M Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h_y„ d„qv$f Afbu kdyÖ_¡ rL$_pf¡ Aph¡gy„ lp¡hp\u v$qfep_p kykhpV$p dpfsp Mpfp `h__p¡ A_¡ dp¡Å„Ap¡_p¡ dpf s¡_¡ kss gpN¡ R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ d„qv$f_p hpf„hpf rS>Zp£Ùpf_u S>ê$f fl¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsdp„ hëgcu fpÅAp¡_p eyNdp„ ApMy„ d„qv$f _h¡kf\u bp„^hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. 1000_u kpg Apk`pk_p¡ kde Ap d„qv$f_p¡ kyhZ® L$pm lsp¡.

NuT_u_p¡ d¡ld|v$ kp¡d_p\_u kd©qÙ\u ApL$jp®C Ap d„qv$fdp„ g|„V$apV$ L$fhp_u ep¡S>_pAp¡ OX$u füp¡ lsp¡. 1025dp„ kp¡d_p\ sp¡X$hp_p d_k|bp kp\¡ s¡Z¡ NuT_u\u âepZ L$ey¯ A_¡ fZ_p fõs¡ NyS>fps Apìep¡. NyS>fps_p fpÅ cudv¡$h kp¡g„L$u kp\¡ s¡_y„ cujZ eyÙ \ey„, S>¡dp„ cudv¡$h lpep£ A_¡ _pW$p¡. Ap eyÙ_y„ fp¡dp„QL$ hZ®_ L$_¥epgpg dy_iuA¡ `p¡sp_u _hgL$\p "S>e kp¡d_p\'dp„ L$ey¯ R>¡. NyS>fps_u fpS>^p_u AZrlghpX$ `pV$Z_¡ Dv$¹Ýhõs L$fu NuT_uA¡ dp¡Y¡$fp_y„ k|e®d„qv$f sp¡X$éy„.

1026_u R>Ì$u ÅÞeyApfuA¡ s¡ kp¡d_p\ `lp¢Ãep¡. S|>_pNY$_p fp' _hOZ¡ NuT_u_p¡ ârsL$pf L$ep£ `Z s¡ h^y TT|du i¼ep¡ _l]. NuT_uA¡ Apif¡ 50 lÅf fpS>`|sp¡ A_¡ b°pûZp¡_u L$sg L$fu A_¡ kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f_¡ S>du_v$p¡õs L$ey¯. i„L$f cNhp__p sp¡X$u `pX$hpdp„ Aph¡gp rihtgN_p¡ A¡L$ Vy$L$X$p¡ d¡ld|v$ epv$Nufu sfuL¡$ NuT_u gC Nep¡. s¡Z¡ kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$fdp„ S>¡ g|„V$ Qgphu s¡dp„\u s¡ kde¡ s¡_¡ v$k\u `„v$f L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_u k„`rÑ lp\ gpNu lp¡hp_y„ d_pe R>¡. d¡ld|v$ `pR>p¡ Nep¡ s¡ `R>u fpS>`|s fpÅAp¡A¡ A_¡ b°pûZp¡A¡ c¡Np \C A¡L$ _p_L$Xy„$ d„qv$f Ecy„ L$ey¯ A_¡ kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h_u `|Å iê$ L$fu.

1300_u kpgdp„ AgpDØu_ MugÆ_p k¡_p`rs Apgp` Mp_¡ afu A¡L$ hMs d„qv$f sp¡X$éy„ A_¡ dy¿e rihtgN s¡ qv$ëlu gC Nep¡. Ðepf `R>u ApW$ hj£ afu _hy„ d„qv$f Ecy„ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. Ap d„qv$f dp¡lçdv$ sOgM¡ sp¡X$éy„. buÅ S> hj£ afu _hy„ d„qv$f b„^pC Ney„.

afu `pRy>„ 1395dp„ qv$ëlu_p kygsp__p k|bp dyTãaf Mp_¡ Ap d„qv$f sp¡X$éy„. d„qv$f afu b„^pC Ney„.

afu `pRy>„ 1402dp„ dyTãaf Mp_¡ S> Ap d„qv$f afu sp¡X$éy„.

1450_u Apk`pk afu b„^pe¡gp d„qv$f_¡ NyS>fps_p kygsp_ dp¡lçdv$ b¡NX$pA¡ 1490dp„ sp¡X$u `pX$éy„.

kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f D`f dpÓ dy[õgdp¡A¡ lzdgp L$ep® R>¡ A¡hy„ _\u. S>¡ L$p¡C rhv¡$iu Ap¾$dZMp¡f NyS>fps_u c|rd D`f rhS>e âpàs L$fsp¡ s¡ kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f_p¡ cy½$p¡ bp¡gphu_¡ `p¡sp_p rhS>e_u DS>hZu L$fsp¡.

1547dp„ `p¡Vy®$NuTp¡A¡ kp¥fpô²$_p v$uh b„v$f D`f rhS>e d¡mìep¡. `p¡Vy®$NuT Nh_®f X$u L¡$õV²$p¡A¡ kp¥\u `l¡gy„ L$pd kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f_p Ýh„k_y„ L$ey¯.

1586dp„ Ap d„qv$f afu\u b„^pC Ney„.

1646dp„ iplS>lp„_p¡ `yÓ Ap¥f„NT¡b NyS>fps_p¡ k|bp¡ bÞep¡. s¡Z¡ kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f_u `|Å b„^ L$fphu v$u^u. Ap¥f„NT¡b qv$ëlu_u Npv$u D`f Apìep¡ s¡ `R>u b¡ hMs 1665dp„ A_¡ 1704dp„ s¡Z¡ kp¡d_p\ dlpv¡$h_p d„qv$fdp„ sp¡X$ap¡X$ L$fphu lsu. Apif¡ 100 hj® `R>u BÞv$p¡f_u fpZu ArlëepbpC lp¡gL$f¡ ApMy„ d„qv$f _h¡kf\u bp„^u Ap`hp_u s¥epfu bsphu, `Z `„qX$sp¡_u kgpl dyS>b d|m S>ÁepA¡ d„qv$f b_phhp_¡ bv$g¡ s¡Z¡ bpSy>dp„ A¡L$ d„qv$f b_pìey„. S|>_p d„qv$f_p Ahi¡jp¡ 1947 ky^u A¡d S> `X$u füp lsp.

ApTpv$u `R>u kfv$pf hëgccpC `V¡$g¡ kp¡d_p\_y„ cìe d„qv$f afu bp„^hp_u ârsop L$fu Ðepf `R>u 1949dp„ d„qv$f_p `y_r_®dp®Z dpV¡$ V²$õV$_u õ\p`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu, S>¡_p AÝen _hp_Nf_p dlpfpÅ Ådkpl¡b lsp. kp¥fpô²$_p â\d dy¿e â^p_ DR>f„Nfpe Y$¡bf_u lpS>fudp„ `y_r_®dp®Z_p L$pe®_p¡ Apf„c L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡.

1951_u ` d¡_p qv$hk¡ d„qv$f_p bp„^L$pd_p¡ â\d sb½$p¡ `|fp¡ \ep¡. `Z s¡ Å¡hp kfv$pf `V¡$g Æhsp _lp¡sp. â\d sb½$pdp„ dpÓ riMf_y„ S> bp„^L$pd L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„ A_¡ rihtgN_u ârs›$p L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap dlp¡Ðkhdp„ Mpk `^pf¡gp cpfs_p fpô²$`rs X$p¡. fpS>¡ÞÖ âkpv¡$ b°pûZ `yfp¡rlsp¡_p `N ^p¡C s¡_y„ `pZu `u^y„ s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ fpô²$ue AMbpfp¡dp„ dp¡V$p¡ rhhpv$ \ep¡ lsp¡. Apif¡ AY$ukp¡ hj®_p kdeNpmp `R>u Ap d„qv$f c¼sp¡ dpV¡$ afu Myëgy„ d|L$hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„.

_|s_ kp¡d_p\ d„qv$f_p buÅ sb½$p_p bp„^L$pddp„ kcpd„X$`_y„ bp„^L$pd 1965dp„ `|fy„ \ey„ lsy„. ÓuÅ sb½$p_y„ bp„^L$pd 1979dp„ dp¡fpfÆ v¡$kpC cpfs_p hX$p â^p_ lsp Ðepf¡ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„, S>¡ R>¡L$ 1995dp„ `|fy„ \ey„ lsy„. 1995_u buÆ qX$k¡çbf¡ cpfs_p Ðepf_p fpô²$`rs i„L$fv$epm idp®A¡ Ap d„qv$f fpô²$_¡ A`®Z L$ey¯ lsy„.

cpS>`_p _¡sp gpgL©$óZ AX$hpZuA¡ 1990dp„ Aep¡Ýepdp„ fpdd„qv$f_p bp„^L$pd dpV¡$ f\epÓp_p¡ âpf„c `Z kp¡d_p\_p d„qv$f Mps¡\u S> L$ep£ lsp¡. Ap f\epÓp_¡ L$pfZ¡ hu. `u. tkl_u kfL$pf¡ fpÆ_pdy„ Ap`hy„ `X$éy„ lsy„.

kp¡d_p\_p _hp d„qv$f_u qX$TpB_ âcpi„L$f kp¡d`yfpA¡ b_phu R>¡. kps dpm_y„ Ap d„qv$f "L¥$gpk dlpd¡fy âpkpv$' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe R>¡ A_¡ R>¡ëgp„ 800 hj®dp„ ApMp v¡$idp„ Aphy„ d„qv$f ¼ep„e b„^pey„ _\u.

Aphsu 11d¡A¡ Ap cìe d„qv$f_u kyhZ® S>e„su ES>hpi¡ s¡dp„ N©l â^p_ gpgL©$óZ AX$hpZu lpS>f fl¡hp_p R>¡. Ap DS>hZu NyS>fps_u cpS>` kfL$pf L$fhp_u R>¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ `Z rhhpv$ Ecp¡ \hp_u k„cph_p R>¡.

k„S>e hp¡fprgrMs L¡$d R>p¡? rhcpN_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ hp„Qhp dpV¡$ Al] [¼gL$ L$fp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?