hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTed A_¡ rQÓN¡gfudp„ dy[õgd L$mp_p L¡$V$gpL$ Av¹$cys _d|_p `Z R>¡. AL$bf bpv$ipl_p v$fbpfdp„ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gp "ldTp-_pdp' _pd_p„ 5\u 6 rQÓp¡ Al] R>¡. AL$bf_p v$fbpfdp„ rhÜp_ ldTpA¡ S>¡ hpsp¡ L$f¡gu A¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ Ap rQÓp¡ s¥epf \ep„ lsp„. ldTp_u hpsp¡, bpv$ipl AL$bf_¡ M|b râe lsu. Ap rQÓp¡ A¡V$gp dp¡V$p `pe¡ b_phhpdp„ Apìep„ lsp„ L¡$ A¡ b_phsp„ 100 S>¡V$gp L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ 15 hj® S>¡V$gp¡ kde gpÁep¡ lsp¡. duf k¥ev$Agu A_¡ Abv|$k kdv$ _pd_p `qfrQs L$gpL$pfp¡_p„ dpN®v$i®_ l¡W$m Ap rQÓp¡ s¥epf \ep„ lsp„. AL$bf_p kde_u kd©qÙ, Ålp¡S>gpgu s¡d S> hpsphfZ kdS>hpdp„ Ap L$gpL©$rsAp¡ D`ep¡Nu _uhX¡$ R>¡. eyÙ, h_õ`rsk©rô$, âpZu k©rô$ hN¡f¡_p rQÓpg¡M_p "ldTp-_pdp'_u sp¡g¡ blz Ap¡R>u L©$rsAp¡ Aphu iL¡$. L©$rsdp„ eyÙ_y„ rQÓZ lp¡e sp¡ rQÓ_u _uQ¡ A¡ eyÙ rhi¡_u hpsp¡ gMu lp¡e.

AL$bf¡ dlpcpfs A_¡ fpdpeZ_p A_yhpv$ `Z `ri®e_ cpjpdp„ L$fpìep lsp. Ap b„_¡ dlpN°„\p¡_p A_yhpv$_u kp\¡ A_yê$` rQÓp¡ b_phhp_u k|Q_p `Z AL$bf¡ Ap`u lsu. dp¡Ng kde_p î¡›$ rQÓL$pfp¡A¡ Ap rQÓp¡ b_pìep„ lsp„. 1598dp„ s¥epf \e¡gp "fTd-_pdp'dp„ Ap rQÓp¡ R>¡.

1612-13_p kde v$frdep_ s¥epf \e¡gy„ S>lp„Nuf_y„ rQÓ `Z Al] R>¡. eyfp¡r`e_ k¥r_L$_p rQÓ_y„ r_funZ S>lp„Nuf L$fu füp R>¡ A¡ âL$pf_y„ Ap rQÓ A¡ hps_p¡ `yfphp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>lp„Nuf_¡ eyfp¡r`e_ L$mpdp„ M|b fk lsp¡.

d¡X$p¡_p A_¡ buÅ rÀõsu rhjep¡ `f_u L$gpL©$rsAp¡ rhv¡$iuAp¡ `pk¡\u S>lp„Nuf dNphsp lsp. eyfp¡`_p fpÅ, fpZu, k¥r_L$p¡ s¡dS> eyÙ_p„ ×íep¡_p„ rQÓp¡dp„ S>lp„Nuf_¡ M|b fk `X$sp¡ lsp¡. A¡ÞV$h`® A_¡ eyfp¡`dp„ s¥epf \e¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ Akgu rQÓp¡ S>lp„Nuf_p k„N°ldp„ lsp„. S>lp„Nuf¡ 1614\u L$p_dp„ dp¡su_u byË$uAp¡ `l¡fhu iê$ L$fu lsu, `f„sy Al] fpMhpdp„ Aph¡gp rQÓdp„ S>lp„Nuf_p L$p_dp„ dp¡su_u byË$uAp¡ v¡$Mpsu _\u A¡_p¡ dsgb A¡ \pe L¡$ Ap rQÓp¡ 1612-13dp„ s¥epf \ep„ li¡.

d„Xy$_p fpS>dl¡gdp„ S>lp„Nuf_p¡ fpÄeprcj¡L$ \ep¡ lsp¡. fpÄeprcj¡L$ v$frdep_ râÞk Myfd A¡d_¡ L$u$dsu _„Np¡_u c¡V$ Ap`u füp R>¡ A¡_y„ ky„v$f rQÓ `Z hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTeddp„ R>¡. Ap rQÓ 1617dp„ s¥epf \e¡gy„.

1713 \u 19_p kde v$frdep_ s¥epf \e¡gy„ fpÅ aV|$L$ k¥ef_y„ rQÓ `Z Av¹$cys R>¡. fpÅ k¥ef Agæe A¡hp L$pmp A_¡ ka¡v$ Op¡X$p `f khpf \C_¡ S>C füp R>¡ Ðepf¡ kp\¡ A¡d_p k¡hL$p¡ lr\epfp¡ A_¡ buÆ kpdN°uAp¡ kp\¡ S>C füp R>¡ A¡hy„ rQÓZ `©›$c|rddp„ R>¡. O¡fpe¡gp„ L$pmp„ hpv$mp¡ A_¡ L¡$kfu qL$fZp¡, rQÓ_¡ _pV$L$ue b_ph¡ R>¡.

L|$hp_u `pm `f sfõep fpS>Ly$dpf_¡ NpdX$p_u eyhsu `pZu Ap`¡ R>¡ A¡hp¡ rhje dp¡Ng kdedp„ M|b gp¡L$râe lsp¡. cpfsue kprlÐedp„ `Z Ap \ud_¡ OZu ANÐesp Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap S> rhje_¡ L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMu_¡ C.k. 1700dp„ b_phhpdp„ Aph¡gy„ rQÓ hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTeddp„ R>¡. ApS> rhje `f\u b_¡gp \p¡X$p AgN âL$pf_p„ rQÓp¡ `Z Al] R>¡.

C.k. 1740dp„ l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ s¥epf \e¡gp A_¡ v$¿MZu R>p` ^fphsp b¡W¡$gu fpS>Ly$dpfu_p rQÓ rhi¡ dy¿e dsdsp„sf A¡ R>¡ L¡$ rQÓdp„ S>¡_y„ rQÓZ \ey„ R>¡ A¡ fpS>Ly$dpfu L$p¡Z R>¡? rQÓdp„ \e¡gp Dëg¡M âdpZ¡ rQÓdp„_u fpS>Ly$dpfu fpÅ S>lp„Nuf_u `yÓu R>¡. fpS>Ly$dpfuA¡ dp¡Ng `f„`fp âdpZ¡_p„ L$`X$p„ `l¡ep¯ R>¡. fpS>Ly$dpfu_p¡ dyNV$ _|fS>lp„_p dyNV$ S>¡hp¡ S> lp¡hp\u A¡ S>lp„Nuf A_¡ _|fS>lp„_u `yÓu lp¡hp_u i¼esp h^y R>¡ A¡d L$lu iL$pe. rQÓ_y„ buSy>„ hpsphfZ v$¿MZ_u k„õL©$rs_y„ lp¡e A¡d h^y gpN¡ R>¡. v$¿MZdp„ õ\peu \e¡gp L$p¡C l¥v$fpbpv$u L$gpL$pf¡ Ap rQÓ b_pìey„ lp¡hy„ Å¡CA¡.

d¡hpX$_p fpÅ S>Nstkl buÅ îu_p\Æ_u ârsdp_¡ dyNV$_p„ Of¡Zp„ c¡V$ ^fu füp„ R>¡ A¡hy„ rQÓ Al] R>¡ S>¡ dygpL$psuAp¡_¡ M|b `k„v$ Aph¡ R>¡. 1739dp„ s¥epf \e¡gp Ap rQÓ `pR>m `Z Brslpk R>¡. _p\Üpfpdp„ fpMhpdp„ Aph¡gu îu_p\Æ_u ârsdp d|m sp¡ d\yfp _ÆL$ Np¡h^®_ `h®s `f fpMhpdp„ Aphu lsu. Ap¥f„NT¡b_p Ap¾$dZ\u îu_p\Æ_u ârsdp_¡ bQphhp dpV¡$ îu_p\Æ_p„ c¼sp¡ Ap ârsdp_¡ bmv$NpX$udp„ gC v$rnZ sfa S>sp lsp. fpS>õ\p__p tlvy$ fpS>huAp¡_¡ îu_p\Æ sfa c[¼scph lsp¡, `f„sy Ap¥f„NT¡b_p X$f_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ îu_p\Æ_p c¼sp¡_¡ AphL$pfsp X$fsp lsp. d¡hpX$_p dlpfpÅ fpS>tkl S> A¡hp tldshpmp lsp L¡$ S>¡dZ¡ îu_p\Æ_p c¼sp¡_¡ fpÄedp„ Apifp¡ Apàep¡. 1672dp„ Dv$e`yf _ÆL$ tklv$ (ldZp„_y„ _p\Üpfp) Mps¡ lh¡gu b_phu_¡ îu_p\Æ_u ârsdp fpMhpdp„ Aphu.

L©$óZ_p„ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ kps õhê$`p¡_u ârsdpAp¡_¡ v¡$i_p„ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ õ\mp¡A¡ dp¡L$gu Ap`hpdp„ Aphu. 1739dp„ â\d hMs Ap kps¡ ârsdpAp¡_¡ _p\Üpfpdp„ c¡Nu L$fhpdp„ Aphu A_¡ A¡L$ Mpk DÐkh (kàs õhê$`p¡Ðkh)_y„ Apep¡S>_ \ey„. Ap âk„N¡ OZu b^u fS>`|s fpS>Ly$dpfuAp¡ cNhp_ dpV¡$ L$u$dsu c¡V$kp¡Npv$p¡ gC_¡ Aphu lsu. Ap âk„N¡ s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gy„ rQÓ hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTed A_¡ rQÓN¡gfu_u ip¡cp R>¡. hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTeddp„ fpMhpdp„ Aph¡gu A¡rie_ L$gpL©$rsAp¡ A_¡ buÆ blzd|ëe QuÅ¡ rhi¡ qfqX$a.L$p¡ddp„ Aphsu L$pg¡ hp„Qp¡.

skhufp¡ :
(1) hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTed_p õ\p`L$ dlpfpÅ kepÆfph NpeL$hpX$-ÓuÅ
(2) `„v$fkp¡\u `Z h^y hj® `yfpZu d|rs®, Æh„sõhpdu
(3) awgp¡_u MuZdp„ â¡duAp¡, dp¡NgL$pm_y„ rQÓ

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
`yfpsÒhhpv$uAp¡_u Ap„Mp¡ Qpf \C Åe A¡hu d|rs®Ap¡_p¡ k„N°l hX$p¡v$fp çeyrTeddp„ R>¡
hX$p¡v$fp_p çeyrTeddp„ L¡$V$gpL$ fqkL$p¡ a¼s hl¡g_p fpnku lpX$t`S>f_¡ Å¡hp S> Aph¡ R>¡
hX$p¡v$fp_y„ k„N°lpge : NyS>fps_y„ Ad|ëe Of¡Ï„

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?