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The winners of the Natural History Museum's prestigious Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition were announced at an awards ceremony in London recently.
American Photographer Karine Aigner was announced as this year's Wildlife Photographer of the Year for her remarkable image of a buzzing ball of cactus bees spinning over the hot sand on a Texas ranch.
In her bee-level close-up, all except one are males and they are intent on mating with the single female at the centre.
Like most bees, they are threatened by habitat loss, pesticides, and climate change, as well as farming practices that disrupt their nesting grounds.
The big buzz by Karine Aigner. Winner, Behaviour: Invertebrates
Karine is the fifth woman in the competition's 58-year history to be awarded the Grand Title award.
Chair of the jury, writer and editor, Rosamund 'Roz' Kidman Cox OBE says, 'Wings-whirring, incoming males home in on the ball of buzzing bees that is rolling straight into the picture.
The sense of movement and intensity is shown at bee-level magnification and transforms what are little cactus bees into big competitors for a single female.'
Location: South Texas, USA
Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2022
The beauty of baleen by Katanyou Wuttichaitanakorn. Winner, 15-17 Years
Sixteen-year-old Katanyou Wuttichaitanakorn from Thailand was awarded the Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2022 for his creative image, The beauty of baleen.
When a Bryde's whale surfaced close to the boat, Katanyou was intrigued by the contrasting colours and textures of its dark skin, pink gum and the brush-like mass of baleen hanging down from its top jaw.
Like other baleen whales, Bryde's use a technique known as lunge-feeding to capture large numbers of small schooling fish and use the plates of baleen to filter the small prey from the ocean.
A keen naturalist and a photographer since he was 12, this dynamic composition is Katanyou's first award in the annual competition.
Location: Upper Gulf of Thailand, Phetchaburi, Thailand.
Here are the other winners in the various categories:
Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year
Battle stations by Ekaterina Bee. Winner, 10 Years and Under
Ekaterina Bee watches as two Alpine ibex spar for supremacy.
It was near the end of a spring day trip with her family that Ekaterina spotted the fight.
The two ibex clashed horns and continued to trade blows while standing on their hind legs like boxers in a ring.
In the early 1800s, following centuries of hunting, fewer than 100 Alpine ibex survived in the mountains on the Italy-France border.
Successful conservation measures mean that today, there are more than 50,000.
Location: Pian della Mussa, Piedmont, Italy
Out of the fog by Ismael Domínguez Gutierrez. Winner, 11-14 Years
Ismael Domínguez Gutierrez reveals a monochromatic scene as an osprey sits on a dead tree, waiting for the fog to lift.
When Ismael arrived at the wetland, he was disappointed not to be able to see beyond a few metres -- and certainly, he had no hope of glimpsing the grebes he wanted to photograph. But as the fog began to lift, it revealed the opportunity for this striking composition.
Ospreys are winter visitors to the province of Andalucia.
Here the many reservoirs offer these widespread fish‑eating raptors shallow, open water that is clearer than many rivers and lakes.
Location: Embalse de Los Hurones, Cadiz, Spain
Wildlife Photographer of the Year
Spectacled bear's slim outlook by Daniel Mideros. Winner, Animals in their Environment
Daniel Mideros takes a poignant portrait of a disappearing habitat and its inhabitant.
Daniel set up camera traps along a wildlife corridor used to reach high-altitude plateaus.
He positioned the cameras to show the disappearing natural landscape with the bear framed at the heart of the image.
These bears, found from western Venezuela to Bolivia, have suffered massive declines as the result of habitat fragmentation and loss.
Around the world, as humans continue to build and farm, space for wildlife is increasingly squeezed out.
Location: Penas Blancas, Quito, Ecuador
Puff perfect by Jose Juan Hernandez Martinez. Winner, Animal Portraits
Jose Juan Hernandez Martinez witnesses the dizzying courtship display of a Canary Islands houbara.
Jose arrived at the houbara's courtship site at night. By the light of the moon, he dug himself a low hide.
From this vantage point he caught the bird's full puffed-out profile as it took a brief rest from its frenzied performance.
A Canary Islands houbara male returns annually to its courtship site to perform impressive displays.
Raising the plumes from the front of its neck and throwing its head back, it will race forward before circling back, resting just seconds before starting again.
Location: La Oliva, Fuerteventura, Spain
The listening bird by Nick Kanakis. Winner, Behaviour: Birds
Nick Kanakis gains a glimpse into the secret life of wrens.
Nick spotted the young grey-breasted wood wren foraging.
Knowing it would disappear into the forest if approached, he found a clear patch of leaf litter and waited.
Sure enough, the little bird hopped into the frame, pressing its ear to the ground to listen for small insects.
This prey-detecting technique is used by other birds, including the Eurasian blackbird.
Grey-breasted wood wrens are ground-dwelling birds, often heard but not seen.
They broadcast loud, melodious songs and rasping calls while hidden in the undergrowth.
Location: Tatama National Park, Risaralda, Colombia.
The great cliff chase by Anand Nambiar. Winner, Behaviour: Mammals
Anand Nambiar captures an unusual perspective of a snow leopard charging a herd of Himalayan ibex towards a steep edge.
From a vantage point across the ravine, Anand watched the snow leopard manoeuvre uphill from the herd.
It was perfectly suited for the environment -- unlike Anand, who followed a fitness regime in preparation for the high altitude and cold temperatures.
Snow leopards live in some of the most extreme habitats in the world. They are now classed as vulnerable.
Threats include climate change, mining, and hunting of both the snow leopards and their prey.
Location: Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India
The bat-snatcher by Fernando Constantino Martínez Belmar. Winner, Behaviour: Amphibians and Reptiles
Fernando Constantino Martínez Belmar waits in darkness as a Yucatan rat snake snaps up a bat.
Using a red light to which both bats and snakes are less sensitive, Fernando kept an eye on this Yucatan rat snake poking out of a crack.
He had just seconds to get the shot as the rat snake retreated into its crevice with its bat prey.
Every evening at sundown in the Cave of the Hanging Snakes, thousands of bats leave for the night's feeding.
It is also when hungry rat snakes emerge, dangling from the roof to snatch their prey in mid-air.
Location: Kantemo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Heavenly flamingos by Junji Takasago. Winner, Natural Artistry
Junji Takasago powers through altitude sickness to produce a dream-like scene.
Junji crept towards the preening group of Chilean flamingos. Framing their choreography within the reflected clouds, he fought back his altitude sickness to capture this dream-like scene.
High in the Andes, Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt pan. It is also one of Bolivia's largest lithium mines, which threatens the future of these flamingos.
Lithium is used in batteries for phones and laptops. Together we can help decrease demand by recycling old electronics.
Location: Salar de Uyuni, Daniel Campos Province, Bolivia
New life for the tohorā by Richard Robinson. Winner, Oceans: The Bigger Picture
Richard Robinson captures a hopeful moment for a population of whales that has survived against all odds.
Hindered by poor visibility, Richard used a polecam to photograph the whales gradually moving towards his boat. Pushing his camera to its limits in the dark water, he was relieved to find the image pin-sharp and the moment of copulation crystallised in time.
When ready to mate, the female southern right whale rolls onto its back, requiring the male to reach its penis across the female's body. Known by the Māori as tohorā, the New Zealand population was hunted to near extinction in the 1800s, so every new calf offers new hope.
Shot under New Zealand Department of Conservation permit #84845-MAR
Location: Deas Head, Auckland Islands, New Zealand
The magical morels by Agorastos Papatsanis. Winner, Plants and Fungi
Agorastos Papatsanis composes a fairy tale scene in the forests of Mount Olympus.
Enjoying the interplay between fungi and fairy tales, Agorastos wanted to create a magical scene.
He waited for the sun to filter through the trees and light the water in the background, then used a wide-angle lens and flashes to highlight the morels' labyrinthine forms.
Morels are regarded as gastronomic treasures in many parts of the world because they are difficult to cultivate, yet in some forests they flourish naturally.
Location: Mount Olympus, Pieria, Greece
Shooting star by Tony Wu. Winner, Underwater
Tony Wu watches the electrifying reproductive dance of a giant sea star.
As the surrounding water filled with sperm and eggs from spawning sea stars, Tony faced several challenges.
Stuck in a small, enclosed bay with only a macro lens for photographing small subjects, he backed up to squeeze the undulating sea star into his field of view, in this galaxy-like scene.
The 'dancing' posture of spawning sea stars rising and swaying may help release eggs and sperm, or may help sweep the eggs and sperm into the currents where they fertilise together in the water.
Location: Kinko Bay, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
House of bears by Dmitry Kokh. Winner, Urban Wildlife
Dmitry Kokh presents this haunting scene of polar bears shrouded in fog at the long-deserted settlement on Kolyuchin.
On a yacht, seeking shelter from a storm, Dmitry spotted the polar bears roaming among the buildings of the long-deserted settlement.
As they explored every window and door, Dmitry used a low-noise drone to take a picture that conjures up a post-apocalyptic future.
In the Chukchi Sea region, the normally solitary bears usually migrate further north in the summer, following the retreating sea ice they depend on for hunting seals, their main food.
If loose pack ice stays near the coast of this rocky island, bears sometimes investigate.
Location: Kolyuchin Island, Chukotka, Russia
The dying lake by Daniel Nunez. Winner, Wetlands - The Bigger Picture
Daniel Nunez uses a drone to capture the contrast between the forest and the algal growth on Lake Amatitlan.
Daniel took this photograph to raise awareness of the impact of contamination on Lake Amatitlan, which takes in around 75,000 tonnes of waste from Guatemala City every year. 'It was a sunny day with perfect conditions,' he says, 'but it is a sad and shocking moment.'
Cyanobacteria flourishes in the presence of pollutants such as sewage and agricultural fertilisers forming algal blooms.
Efforts to restore the Amatitlan wetland are underway but have been hampered by a lack of funding and allegations of political corruption.
Location: Lake Amatitlan, Villa Canales, Guatemala
Ndakasi's passing by Brent Stirton. Winner, Photojournalism
Brent Stirton shares the closing chapter of the story of a much-loved mountain gorilla.
Brent photographed Ndakasi's rescue as a two month old after her troop was brutally killed by a powerful charcoal mafia as a threat to park rangers.
Here he memorialised her passing as she lay in the arms of her rescuer and caregiver of 13 years, ranger Andre Bauma.
As a result of unrelenting conservation efforts focusing on the daily protection of individual gorillas, mountain gorilla numbers have quadrupled to over 1,000 in the last 40 years.
Location: Senkwekwe Center, Virunga National Park, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
'The Cuban connection' by Karine Aigner. Winner, Photojournalist Story Award
'Why the caged bird sings'
A Cuban bullfinch is positioned alongside a road so that it becomes accustomed to the hubbub of street life and therefore less likely to be distracted during a competition.
These birds are highly prized for their sweet voice and feisty spirit.
Portfolio Story
Karine Aigner explores the relationship between Cuban culture and songbirds, and the future of a deep-rooted tradition.
For hundreds of years, some Cubans have caught and kept songbirds and held bird-singing contests. Throughout a turbulent period of economic sanctions and political unrest, these small, beautiful birds have provided companionship, entertainment and friendly competition within the community.
Now with regular travel and emigration between Cuba and North America, the tradition of songbird contests has crossed an ocean. As songbird populations plummet, US law enforcement is cracking down on the trapping, trading and competing of these birds.
Location: USA and Cuba
A theatre of birds' by Mateusz Piesiak. Winner, Rising Star Portfolio Award
'Dunlin panorama'
Placing his remote camera on the mud of the reed bed, Mateusz seized the opportunity to capture the moment when a passing peregrine falcon caused some of the dunlins to fly up.
Portfolio Story
Mateusz Piesiak carefully considered camera angles to produce a series of intimate photographs exploring the behaviour of birds.
Winner of the Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year award when he was 14, Mateusz explored his locality during the Covid lockdown. 'Even a small pond or park in the city centre turned out to be a very good place for photographing wildlife.'
Throughout this portfolio Mateusz focuses on local birds, researching and preparing for images that were in his mind 'for days, months or even years' before he finally managed to realise them.
Location: Poland
'Under Antarctic ice' by Laurent Ballesta. Winner, Portfolio Award
'Pyramid of life'
Living towers of marine invertebrates punctuate the seabed off Adelie Land, 32 metres (105 feet) under East Antarctic ice. Here, at the centre, a tree-shaped sponge is draped with life, from giant ribbon worms to sea stars.
Portfolio Story
Laurent Ballesta endures below-freezing dives to reveal the diversity of life beneath Antarctica's ice.
An underwater photographer and biologist, Laurent has led a series of major expeditions, all involving scientific mysteries and diving challenges, and all resulting in unprecedented images. He has won multiple prizes in Wildlife Photographer of the Year, including the grand title award in 2021.
His expedition to Antarctica, exploring its vast underwater biodiversity, took two years to plan, a team of expert divers, and specially developed kit. His 32 dives in water temperatures down to -1.7˚C (29°F) included the deepest, longest dive ever made in Antarctica.
Location: Adelie Land, Antarctica
All images and content of The Wildlife Photographer of the Year are published with kind permission from the Natural History Museum, London.
Wildlife Photographer of the Year is developed and produced by the Natural History Museum, London.
Photographs curated by Rajesh Karkera/Rediff.com