B Raman reveals the workings of the Central Intelligence Agency, and why the loss of seven of its officers in Afghanistan was a big blow to America's war on terrorism.
When Robert Gates, US defence secretary, was the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, George Bush, the then US President (1988-92), had visited the CIA headquarters and addressed its officers.
In his speech welcoming the President, Gates described the CIA officers as risk-takers and not risk-seekers. This quote from his welcome address is inscribed at the entrance to the CIA building to inspire and motivate future entrants to the CIA.
The Soviet, Russian and West European intelligence agencies too have the reputation of being risk-takers.
A risk-taking external intelligence agency posts its officers for intelligence collection in remote areas and danger spots and the officers willingly go to such places.
Risk-avoiding agencies keep their officers confined to the safe precincts of diplomatic and consular missions, where the risks faced are minimal.
The best professionals of the CIA are posted in areas of conflict and not in areas of comfort. There is never a shortage of volunteers to serve in areas of conflict. They are generally attached to US military units deployed in such areas and use the protection provided by such units to do their intelligence collection and special operations work. The CIA keeps rotating them frequently so that its officers are not required to serve in dangerous areas for a long time. The officers, who volunteer for such posts, also have the confidence that their agency would look after their families during their absence from the US and will not keep them in dangerous areas for too long.
The British Broadcasting Corporation has published a collation of CIA officers who were known to have been killed since 1965 in the performance of their duty.
A total of 35 were killed -- two in Washington DC and the remaining 33 abroad.
The two in Washington DC were killed outside the CIA headquarters in January 1993 by a disgruntled Pakistani Mir Aimal Kansi. He had allegedly worked for the CIA against the Soviet troops in Afghanistan in the 1980s and had some grievances relating to his rehabilitation after the Soviet withdrawal.
He went to the entrance of the CIA headquarters and indiscriminately opened fire as the staff were coming to work in the morning and then managed to escape to Pakistan.
Kansi was arrested by the Pakistani authorities and extradited to the US. He was sentenced to death by a US court.
The sentence was carried out in the US and the body returned to his relatives for burial. He was given a heroes' burial in his home village.
Of the 33 CIA personnel who were killed abroad while performing their duty since 1965, two were the staff of a contractor working for the CIA in Afghanistan and the remaining 31 were regular members of the staff of the agency.
Since 1965, the CIA has suffered the largest number of fatalities in Afghanistan -- a total of 11, nine of them regular members of its staff and the remaining two employees of a CIA contractor.
The two deaths in Washington DC were also Afghanistan-related.
Thus, the CIA's role in Afghanistan has resulted in the deaths 13 of the 35 officers killed since 1965.
Next to Afghanistan, duties in the Lebanon resulted in the death of nine officers in the 1980s, including that of the then station chief of the CIA in Beirut.
The war in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s resulted in the deaths of seven officers. The remaining six officers were killed in a plane crash in Africa while allegedly helping the anti-communist insurgents in Angola.
Surprisingly, there are no known fatalities incurred by the CIA in Iraq since the US invasion of Iraq in 2003.
The absence of CIA fatalities in Iraq and the large number of fatalities incurred by the CIA in Afghanistan could be attributed to the following reasons:
- The CIA personnel posted in Iraq totally depend on the US forces for their physical security while performing their duties. They do not depend on Iraqi personnel. In Afghanistan, they depend largely on the American personnel, but there is also a limited involvement of Afghan personnel in protecting them.
- In Iraq, the intelligence agencies of the US defence department play a more active role in intelligence collection and special operations. The casualties incurred in Iraq are essentially those of the agencies of the Pentagon. In Afghanistan, CIA officers play a very active role in intelligence collection and in facilitating the unmanned drone strikes in the Federally-Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan.
- Individual anti-US officers of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence, which has had a long history of co-operation with the CIA, know how to identify CIA officers working clandestinely under cover. They expose their identity to Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
The latest incident in the Khost area of Afghanistan involving the death of seven CIA officers at the hands of an Aghan suicide bomber would be a major loss to the CIA at a critical time in the "war" against the Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
The CIA officers succeeding them would have to start literally from the scratch in building up a new network of contacts.
The contacts of the officers, who have been killed, would now be under a question mark due to suspicion regarding the role of any of them in facilitating the suicide bombing.
