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August 20, 2008 17:18 IST
Blood donations could one day be a thing of the past, thanks to scientists who have grown the first functional red blood cells in the laboratory from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
Researchers had previously grown blood cells from ESCs but never achieved the 'enucleation' step which meant that the cells can't divide and become cancerous.
Now, a team in the United States has created red blood cells by exposing cultures of human ESCs to a sequence of nutrients and growth factors -- this turned them first into haemangioblasts, precursors to blood cells, and then into mature blood cells.According to the scientists, the crucial achievement was getting the cells to expel their nuclei just as they would in the body. "Experts said it was impossible, and we're pretty surprised ourselves when it worked," said Robert Lanza.
Lanza is chief scientist at Advanced Cell Technology, the company which grew red blood cells in collaboration with researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester and the University of Illinois in Chicago.
Subsequently, tests on the red blood cells suggested that they can deliver oxygen just as efficiently as donated red blood cells. The team was also able to produce the red blood cells in bulk, creating populations of as many as 100 billion cells, the New Scientist reported.
"You wouldn't have to worry about shortages because you could create as many as you want. Stem-cell-derived blood would also eliminate the risk of transmitting the pathogens that cause hepatitis and HIV through transmissions," the researchers said.
The findings have been published in the latest edition of the Blood journal.
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