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Raj Singh Sirohi, a farmer in the Brijnathpur village of the Ghaziabad district, knows his fortunes are ready to take a turn for the better.
The Simbhaoli Sugar Mills is setting up a 4,000-tonne-crushed-per-day sugar mill in the village. But if it wants its sugarcane, it will have to pay more than other mills.
"We are excited over the prospects of a better price realisation for sugarcane this season. Price will be the sole deciding factor for who gets how much cane. We are ready to supply cane to mills that don't have a purchase centre in our village, provided they offer a better price," he said.
With 18 new mills mushrooming in the area, a scramble for sugarcane has begun. And its beneficiaries are farmers like Sirohi. Sugarcane farmers in Uttar Pradesh have never had it better.
Good realisation from both domestic and export markets for sugar and other by-products has prompted many companies to go in for capacity expansion.
New mills are being set up by Bajaj Hindusthan, DSCL, Balrampur Chini, Triveni, Dalmia Group, Uttam Sugar, Rana Sugar, Simbhaoli Sugar and Dhampur Sugar, which will start crushing in the coming season.
Thus, the total cane crushing capacity in the state will go up to 6.06 lakh tcd from 4.95 lakh tcd in the previous season. The area under sugarcane cultivation has increased from 23 lakh hectare to 26 lakh hectare, and cane production is expected to increase from 1,350 lakh tonnes to 1,524 lakh tonnes.
The cane drawal (amount of cane that goes for crushing in sugar mills out of the total cane production) is projected to increase from 45 per cent in this season to about 50 per cent in the coming one. The yield is expected to rise from 58 quintal per hectare to 65 quintal per hectare.
All this is good news for sugarcane farmers. In the last season, sugar companies in UP vied aggressively with each other to ensure more cane supplies.
While the companies had paid Rs 128 (Rs 13 extra over the SAP of Rs 115 a quintal) per quintal last year, the capacity expansion this time could drive the extra price to about Rs 25-30 a quintal. More and more farmers have taken to cane production in the last couple of years.
"More than six lakh new cane growers have registered with the UP Cane Cooperative Society since 2004," state cane commissioner Rahul Bhatnagar said.
The total domestic production of sugar is projected at 230 lakh tones in 2006-07, against 190 lakh tonnes in 2005-06. The carryover stock in the country is about 45 lakh tonnes, against 55 lakh tonnes last year.
According to the Director General of Indian Sugar Mills Association, SL Jain, domestic consumption stood at about 180 lakh tonnes and "we would be left with a surplus stock of about 50 lakh tonnes.
If this stock does not go out of the country, it will soften the domestic sugar price and affect payment to growers as well as the profitability of companies. In the long run, it could discourage farmers from growing cane in 2008-09."
Late crushing a bitter pill for cane growers
While sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh will start crushing in November, Ramsharan, a cane-grower of Hashimpura village in Saharanpur district, is not ready to wait for the mill in his area to purchase his cane as he needs money in October.
"We need money for the coming festivals like Diwali and Eid, and we will be selling some cane to gur and khandsari units even though they pay a lower price," he said. He is not alone. The need for money during the festival season and the urgency to clear fields for sowing wheat in November will compel small and marginal farmers to sell about 10-15 per cent of their cane to gur and khandsari units.
Cane-growers are looking to sow wheat on a larger area compared with last year owing to higher prices and the shortage this year.
"We need to clear a part of our land by harvesting cane, so that we can sow wheat in November. If the mills start purchasing cane in November, our sowing will be delayed, and we may not be able to sow wheat," said a farmer of Dadri village in Meerut district.
While the mills cite low recovery as the reason for the delay in crushing (it began in mid-October in the past), it is apparently the ongoing ban on sugar exports and the low sugar prices that have prompted the decision. The industry, however, denies that the ban has anything to do with crushing.
"Normally, the mills start crushing when the recovery rate is about 8 per cent. The delay is probably to ensure that the average recovery is high at the end of the crushing season," said the Chairman and Managing Director of Oudh Sugar Mills and the President of Indian Sugar Mills Association, CS Nopany.
"Last year, the companies began crushing early as they feared cane shortage. However, with increased acreage and productivity, that is not an issue this time," said the Vice-President of Triveni Industries, Nikhil Sawhney.
Most cane-growers in the state have increased the area under cane by 10-15 per cent this season after being paid well on time. Last year, the state government had set the state advised price (SAP) at Rs 115 and Rs 120 per quintal for general and early variety, respectively.
This time the farmers expect a minimum hike of Rs 10-15 per quintal in SAP on account of the rise in the prices of diesel, urea and seeds, as well as the cost of living.
"The prices of commodities of daily use have gone up by 30-40 per cent over the last year. The government should consider this while fixing the price of cane," said a farmer in Hashimpura.
