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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
A diamond is one of the best-known and most sought-after gemstones. Diamonds have been known to mankind and used as decorative items since ancient times.
The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light - giving the diamond its characteristic "fire" - make it useful for industrial applications and desirable as jewellery.
Diamonds are such a highly traded commodity that multiple organizations have been created for grading and certifying them based on the four Cs, which are carat, cut, color, and clarity.
Other characteristics, such as presence or lack of fluorescence, also affect the desirability and thus the value of a diamond used for jewellrey.
Meanwhile, when it comes to India, most diamond mines were depleted decades ago and the country is no longer a source for rough diamonds.
However, India does have one active diamond mine at Panna, in Madhya Pradesh, which is run by the state-owned National Mineral Development Corporation.
DeBeers India is also prospecting in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu for diamonds.
Let us have a look at 10 richest diamond mines in the world.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
Carats: 11.5 million (2009)
Location: Botswana
Jwaneng is owned by Debswana, and the mine was opened in 1982. It now produces 60 per cent to 70 per cent of Debswana's total earnings. De Beers claims Jwaneng is the richest mine in the world. In 2009, the mine treated 8.2 million metric tonnes of rock to produce 11.5 million carats.
That's less than 1.5 carats per metric tonne of rock.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
Carats: 9.8 million (2010)
Location: Australia
The Argyle mine is located in northwest Australia and is owned and operated by Rio Tinto.
The mine began production in 1985 and has produced more than 750 million carats through 2010.
The mine is the world's largest producer of pink diamonds, even though the Argyle Pinks, as they are known, account for just 0.01 per cent of production.
The Argyle mine produced 9.8 million carats in 2010.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
3. Orapa
Carats: 9.53 million (2010)
Location: Botswana
Orapa is another Debswana-owned mine. The mine was opened in 1971 and is an open-pit mine from which nearly 13 million metric tonnes of rock was processed in 2010, or about one metric tonne for every 1.3 carats.
The Orapa mine produced 9.53 million carats in 2010.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
4. Catoca
Carats: 7.5 million (2009)
Location: Angola
The Catoca mine is located in Angola and is owned by a consortium that includes Russia's Alrosa, Brazil's Odebrecht, Israel's Daumonty and Angola's state-owned mining company.
The mine went into production in 1997 and claims to be the world's fourth-largest kimberlite pipe, the geological formation from which most of the world's diamonds are mined.
The mine is expected to produce 60 million carats over its lifetime, about 35 per cent of which are gem quality.
Production in 2009 totaled 7.5 million carats.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
5. Diavik
Carats: 6.5 million (2010)
Location: Canada
The Diavik mine is located in Canada's Northwest Territories.
Rio Tinto owns 60 per cent interest in Diavik and is the mine's operator. The mine went into production in 2003 as an open-pit operation that will be transitioned to a fully underground mine by next year.
The kimberlite deposits are small, but produce high-grade gem quality stones. The Diavik mine produced 6.5 million carats in 2010.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
6. Venetia
Carats: 4.3 million (2010)
Location: South Africa
South Africa's Venetia mine is owned and operated by De Beers. The open-pit mine began production in 1992 and now produces about 40 per cent of South African total diamond production.
The mine processed more than four million metric tonnes of rock in 2010, giving a yield of about 1.1 carats/metric tonne.
The Venetia mine produced about 4.3 million carats in 2010.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
7. Ekati
Carats: 3 million (2010)
Location: Canada
The Ekati mine in Canada's Northwest Territories is 80per cent-owned by BHP Billiton.
The open-pit mine began operations in 1998 and processed 4.93 million metric tonnes of rock in 2010, yielding less than one carat/metric tonne of diamonds.
The Ekati mine produces about three per cent of the world's annual volume of diamonds by weight and nine per cent of value.
BHP estimates that Ekati contains about 0.3 carats/metric ton of rock. In 2010, Ekati produced three million carats.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
8. Finsch
Carats: 1.3 million (2010)
Location: South Africa
The Finsch open-pit mine in South Africa was once owned by De Beers, but is now owned by independent and privately held Petra Diamonds.
The mine began operations in 1978, is South Africa's second-largest by production and is estimated to have produced 1.3 million carats in 2010.
Petra estimates 26.6 million carats remain to be produced.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
9. Letlhakane
Carats: 1.2 million (2010)
Location: Botswana
The Letlhakane mine is a Debswana property, a 50-50 joint venture between De Beers and the government of Botswana.
It went into production in 1975. The open-pit mine processed 3.3 million metric tonnes of rock in 2010 and produced 1.2 million carats.
This is the deepest of the Debswana-owned mines and is located near the Orapa mine.
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World's 10 richest diamond mines!
Carats: 100,000 (2010)
Location: South Africa
South Africa's Kimberley mine first went into production in 1871. The original mine closed in 1914 and the underground mine closed in 1995.
De Beers, the original owner, sold underground mining rights to Petra in 2007, and Petra produced about 100,000 carats from the mine in 2010.
De Beers is re-treating the dumps on the surface and recovered 823,000 carats in 2010 from nearly 5.5 million tonnes of rock.