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n[N>b{ AH$
AQy>]a 26

$g-H$_mS>m{ H$madmB _| 67 ]YH$ _a{
 gs nde{f g{Zm H${ OdmZm| mam _mH$m{ H{$ oW`{Q>a _| H$s JB H$_mS>m{ H$madmB _| 67 ]YH$ d 34 M{M{Z odm{hr _ma{ J`{$&
H$mJ{g-[rS>r[r Z{Vm gmPm EO|S>{ [a gh_V
O_y-H$_sa _| gaH$ma H${ JRZ H${ nb`{ H$mm{{g Ama [s[wg S{_m{H${nQH$ [mQu H${ ]sM `yZV_ gmPm H$m`H$_ [a gh_nV hm{ J`s h &
7 Zd]a H$m{ e[W b|J{ [moH$VmZ H{$ Z`{ YmZ_r
[mnH$VmZ _| 4 Zd]a H$m{ Z{eZb Ag{]bs H$s ]RH$ ]wbm`{ OmZ{ H${ VsZ nXZ ]mX 7 Zd]a H$m{ Z`{ YmZ_s e[W b|J{ &
Cma X{e gaH$ma A] ^r ]h_V _| -am`[mb
CVa X{e H${ am`[mb Sm.ndUwH$mV emr Z{ H$hm h nH$ gmV nZXbs` ndYm`H$m{ H${ _m`mdVs gaH$ma g{ g_WZ dm[g b{ b{Z{ H${ ]mdOyX gaH$ma ]hw_V _| h &
[wobg N>m[{ Z{ Yyo_b H$s _{ar H$m{oee-amOZmW
Cma X{e H{$ [yd _w`_r amOZmW qgh Z{ H$hm h oH$ dh AgVw> gH$Q> hb H$aZ{ H{$ H$m\$s H$ar] [hM J`{ W{ [a [wobg mam EH$ oZXbr` odYm`H$ H{$ Ka _ma{ J`{ N>m[{ H{$ H$maU pWoV ]Xb JB$&
_..-[mZr bmZ{ H$s g\$b H$hmZr
21 dt eVmXr _| O] ^maV _| OJh-OJh [mZr H$s g_`m X`mH$ma $[ b{Vr Om hr h$&
C..gaH$ma H$m{ H$m{B IVam Zht-^mO[m
^maVs` OZVm [mQu Z{ CVa X{e _| ]g[m-^mO[m JR]YZ gaH$ma H$m{ H$m{B IVam hm{Z{ g{ BH$ma oH$`m h$&
H$_sa KmQs _| [mM AmVH$dmXs _ma{ J`{
H$_sa KmQs _| gwajm ]bm{ g{ _wR^{S _| [mM AmVH$dmXs _ma{ JE & _VH$m{ _| bH$a-E-V`]m H${ VsZ AmVH$dmXs emn_b h &
_{Kmb` _| 5 bm{Jm{ H$m A[haU
[s[wg nb]a{eZ \$Q H${ gnXY AmVH$dmnX`m{ Z{ _{Kmb` H${ [n_ Jmam{ nhg H${ _mNmJ[mZs j{ g{ [mM Ja OZOmVs` bm{Jm{ H$m A[haU H$a nb`m &
_{a{ ]{ Ab-H$m`Xm _| Z Am`|-bmX{Z
bXZ H$s EH$ [nH$m Z{ Xmdm nH$`m h nH$ CgH${ hmW Am{gm_m n]Z bmX{Z H$s dgs`V bJs h nOg_| CgZ{ A[Z{ ]Mm{ H$m{ Ab-H$m`Xm H${ nbE H$m_ Z H$aZ{ H$s gbmh Xs h &
_mH$m{-32 M{M{Z odm{hr Ed 30 ]YH$ _ma{ J`{
_mH$m{ H${ nW`{Qa _| gwajm ]bm{ mam M{{M{Z Nm[m_mam| H{$ H$O{ g{ g^s ]YH$m{ H$m{ _w$ H$amZ{ H{$ XmamZ 32 N>m[m_mam| H{$ gmW 30 ]YH$ ^r _ma{ J`{$&
C..-A_a qgh,_m{Vrbmb dm{am g{ o_b{
C.. _| Mb ahr amOZoVH$ Om{S>-Vm{S> H{$ ]rM g_mOdmXr [mQ>u H{$ _hmgoMd A_a qgh Z{ eoZdma H$m{ oXr _| H$mJ{g _hmgoMd d H$mJ{g H{$ C.._m_bm| H{$ ^mar _m{Vrbmb dm{am g{ _wbmH$mV H$s$&
_mH$m{ ]YH$ gH$Q> I_,36 odm{hr _a{
$g H{$ ode{f H$_mS>m{ Z{ _mH$m{ oW`{Q>a _| KwgH$a g^r H$ar] 700 ]YH$m| H$m{ _w$ H$am ob`m h$& Bg H$madmB _| odm{oh`m| H{$ Z{Vm g_{V 36 M{M{Z odm{nh`m| H{$ _ma{ OmZ{ H$s I]a h$&

AQy>]a 25

odm{hr odYm`H$ am_merf am` g{ ]mVMrV
Cma X{e _| C^a{ amOZoVH$ AgVm{f Z{ 9 oZXbr` odYm`H$m| H{$ _m`mdVr gaH$ma g{ g_WZ dm[g b{ b{Z{ Ama ^mO[m mam odYmZ [nafX gX` am_merf am` H{$ oZb]Z H{$ ]mX J^ra $[ b{ ob`m h$&
C..-9 oZXbr`m| Z{ g_WZ dm[g ob`m
Cma X{e _| Mb ahm amOZoVH$ JoVam{Y Cg g_` Ama Jham J`m O] ewH$dma amV ]g[m-^mO[m gaH$ma g{ 9 oZXbr` odYm`H$m| Z{ gaH$ma g{ AbJ hmZ{ H$m \$gbm oH$`m &
AgVw> am_merf am` ^mO[m g{ oZbo]V
C.. _| ^maVr` OZVm [mQ>u odYm`H$m| H{$ AgVw> YS>{ H{$ _wI Z{Vm am_merf am` H$m{ [mQ>u odam{Yr JoVodoY`m| H{$ Amam{[ _| [mQ>u g{ oZbo]V H$a oX`m J`m h$&
Ama H{$ e_m H{$ oIbm\$ Amam{[ [ XmoIb
[H$ma oedmZr ^Q>ZmJa h`mH$mS> H{$ _w` Ao^`w$ aodH$mV e_m H{$ od ewH$dma H$m{ oXr [wobg Z{ Amam{[ [ XmoIb H$a oX`m$&
_wVr _m{.gBX gm{oZ`m g{ ]mVMrV H{$ obE oXr _|
O_y-H$_ra _| gaH$ma ]ZmZ{ H{$ obE H$mJ{g H{$ gmW g_PmV{ H$m{ AoV_ $[ X{Z{ H{$ obE [rS>r[r A`j _wVr _m{h_X gBX ewH$dma amV oXr [hM{$&
JwOamV MwZmd-qbJXm{h Z{ g_rjm ]R>H$ H$s
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ ZB oXr _| EH$ CMVas` ]RH$ _| JwOamV _| nXg]a _{ g^mndV ndYmZ g^m MwZmdm{ H$s V`mna`m{ H$s g_sjm H$s &
AmS>dmUr g{ _V^{X Z h,Z hm|J{-dmO[{`r
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ C[YmZ_s bmbH$U AmSdmUs H${ gmW CZH${ _V^{X Ama X H$s I]am{ H${ nb`{ amOJ H$s abr _| _snS`m [a IwbH$a MwQnH$`m bs$&
"_ham>-Vm{JoS>`m Z{ _mhmb o]JmS>m Vm{ H$madmB hm{Jr'
_hmam H${ _w`_s ndbmgamd X{e_wI Z{ H$hm h nH$ AJa ndnh[ Z{Vm dsU Vm{JnS`m `m A` H$m{B gm_mnOH$ gmhmX n]JmSVm h Vm{ CgH${ nIbm\$ WmZs` [wnbg H$m{ VwaV H$madmB H$aZ{ H${ nZX}e nX`{ J`{ h &
odoZd{e-S>m.Om{er, YmZ_r dmO[{`r g{ o_b{
odoZd{e _w{ [a _V^{X H$s I]am| H{$ ]rM S>m. _wabr _Zm{ha Om{er Z{ YmZ_r AQ>bo]hmar dmO[{`r g{ _wbmH$mV H$s h$&
dsa{ ghdmJ EnSSmg H$m Mma H$a{Jm
I{b C[mX ]ZmZ{ dmbs H$[Zs EnSSmg Z{ Vy\$mZs ]b{]mO dsa{ ghdmJ H$m{ A[Z{ C[mXm{ H${ ndkm[Z H${ nbE AZw]nYV nH$`m h &
JwOamV Jmad `mm H$m gmVdm MaU H$N> g{
JwOamV H${ _w`_s Za| _m{Xs H${ Z{Vd dmbs Jmad `mm H$m gmVdm MaU eoZdma g{ H$N nOb{ H${ _mVm Zm _R g{ ew hm{Jm &
C..-AgVm{f H$m hb erK-amOZmW qgh
CVa X{e _| AgVw ndYm`H$m{ H$m{ _ZmZ{ bIZD$ _| _mOyX ^maVs` OZVm [mQu H${ _hmgnMd amOZmW ngh Z{ H$hm h oH$ X{e _| `m amOZnVH$ gH$Q H$m{ Xm{-VsZ nXZ _| gwbPm nb`m OmEJm &
oH$H{$Q>-ngEQ> aqH$J _| ^maV [hb{ WmZ [a
d{QBSsO H${ nIbm\$ A[Zs YaVs [a ]{hVasZ XeZ H$aZ{ dmb{ ^maV Z{ lsbH$m H$m{ [sN{ YH${bV{ hwE ngEQ AVaams` nH$H${Q Qs_ a{nQJ _| [hbm WmZ hmngb H$a nb`m h &
YmodH$m gwZsVm amZs H$s H$m{M oZbo]V
^maVs` I{b mnYH$aU Z{ Ene`mB I{bm{ _| nV]nYV Xdm g{dZ H${ _m_b{ _| [H$Ss JB YmndH$m gwZsVm amZs H$s nejH$ a{Uw H$m{hbs H$m{ oZbo]V nX`m h &
"C..-^mO[m AgVw> [mQ>u ^r Vm{S> gH$V{ h'
C.. _{ ^maVr` OZVm [mQ>u H{$ AgVw odYm`H$m| Z{ [mQ>u g{ AbJ hm{Z{ H$m _Z ]Zm ob`m h$&
o]hma-^mH$[m-aUdra g{Zm _| Jm{br]mar,4 _a{
n]hma H${ CmdmX ^mndV ^m{O[wa nOb{ _| ^maVr` H$`wnZQ [mQu (_m"gdmXs-b{nZZdmXs) Ama nV]nYV aUdsa g{Zm H${ g_WH$m{ H${ ]sM Jm{bs]mas _| 4 bm{J _ma{ J`{ &
[moH$VmZ ]Z ahm h AmVH$dmXr X{e-dmO[{`r
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ am>r` OZVmoH$ JR>]YZ (amOJ) gaH$ma H{$ 3 gmb [ya{ hm{Z{ [a Am`m{oOV EH$ abr _| H$hm oH$ [moH$VmZ AmVH$dmXr X{e H{$ $[ _| C^a ahm h$&
M{M{Z odm{oh`m| Z{ 8 ]{ nahm oH$`{
 g H$s amOYmZr _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| ]YH$ ]ZmE JE 700 `n$`m| _| g{ ewH$dma H$m{ AmR ]Mm{ H$m{ M{M{Z ndm{nh`m{ Z{ nahm H$a nX`m h &
C..-EH$ AgVw nZXbs` ndYm`H$ H${ Ka Nm[m
Cma X{e [wnbg Z{ EH$ AgVw nZXbs` ndYm`H$ YZO` ngh H${ bIZD VWm OmZ[wa nWV Amdmg [a ewH$dma H$m{ N>m[m_mar H$s &
JwOamV-o]Obr ]m{S> H$s hS>Vmb Zhr hm{Jr
JwOamV gaH$ma mam H$wN _hd[yU _mJm{ [a ndMma H$aZ{ H$m AdmgZ n_bZ{ H${ ]mX JwOamV n]Obs ]m{S H${ H$_Mmna`m{ H$s H$m` gn_nV Z{ AmO ewH$dma g{ ew hm{Z{ dmbr mmndV hS>Vmb H$m{ dm[g b{ nb`m&
Ag_ _| ^yH$[ H$m PQH$m Am`m
Ag_ _| AmO ewH$dma VSH${ na"Qa [_mZ{ [a 4.2 H$s VsmVm dmb{ ^yH$[ H$m PQH$m _hgyg nH$`m J`m&
M{M{Z odm{hr odX{er ]YH$ N>m{S>|J{
M{M{`m g{ gs \$mOm{ H$s dm[gs H$s _mJ H$aV{ hwE oOZ 40 Am_KmVs M{M{Z odm{oh`m| Z{ _mH$m{ H{$ EH$ oW`{Q>a [a H$Om H$a H$ar] 700 bm{Jm| H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm aIm h$& d{ CZ_| g{ odX{er ]YH$m| H$m{ N>m{S>Z{ [a amOr hm{ JE h$&
gr Q>rdr Z{ M{MZ Nm[m_mam{ H$s [hbs Vdsa nXIm`s
EZ Qs ds Q{bsndOZ Z{ AmO CZ M{MZ Nm[m_mam{ H$s [hbs Vdsa Omas H$s nOhm{Z{ _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| ]wYdma H$s amV g{ 700 bm{Jm{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm aIm h &
A_arH$s a{b V Ab H$m`Xm H{$ oZemZ{ [a
A_asH$s gKs` OmM `yam{ Z{ X{e ^a _| H$mZyZ bmJy H$aZ{ dmb{ AnYH$mna`m{ H$m{ M{VmdZs Xs h nH$ AVaams` AmVH$dmXs Am{gm_m n]Z bmX{Z H$m gJRZ Ab H$m`Xm g^dV`m A_asH$m H${ a{b V H$m{ nZemZm ]Zm`{Jm&
nZH$m{]ma s[ _| ^yH$[ H$m PQH$m
nZH$m{]ma s[ g_yh _| AmO ewH$dma VSH${ na"Qa [_mZ{ [a 5.8 H$s VsmVm dmbm ^yH$[ H$m PQH$m _hgyg nH$`m J`m&
[moH$VmZ- VsZ Om[mZs [mH$ma gSH$ XwKQZm _| _a{
Om[mZs Q{bsndOZ H${ VsZ [H$ma Ama CZH$m [mnH$VmZs SmBda AmO ewH$dma H$m{ CVas [mnH$VmZ _| EH$ gSH$ XwKQZm _| _ma{ JE &
hmBQ hmCg [naga _| Kwg[oR>`m$nJaVma
hmBQ hmCg [naga _| Iwn\$`m EO|gs H${ H$_Mmna`m{ Z{ H$b Jwdma H$m{ A_asH$s am[nV H${ nZdmg H${ CVas d{e ma H${ H$as] EH$ `nH$ H$m{ nJaVma nH$`m &

AQy>]a 24

gb_mZ Ama ES>agZ [a EH$ gr$Ymam`|
Bg{ ^maVr` H$mZyZm| H$s odS>]Zm H$h| `m Hw$N> Ama oH$ H$ma XwKQ>Zm H{$ Amam{[r gb_mZ ImZ Ama ^m{[mb Jg mgXr H{$ Ao^`w$ dma{Z ES>agZ [a EH$ gr YmamAm| H{$ VhV _wH$X_m Mb ahm h$&
A_{naH$m-ah`_`r h`mAm| H{$ 2 Amam{[r oJaVma
A_{naH$m _| amOYmZs dmneJQZ H${ Amg[mg H${ BbmH$m{ _| A] VH$ 10 h`mAm{ H${ nbE nO_{Xma h`ma{ H$s Im{O H${ ngbngb{ _| 2 bm{Jm{ H$m{ nJaVma nH$`m J`m h &
_mH$m{ KQ>Zm H$m`aVm H$m VrH$-^maV
^maV Z{ _mH$m{ _{ AmVH$dmnX`m{ mam gH$Sm{ nZXm{f _nhbmAm{ Ed [wfm{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm`{ OmZ{ H$s KQ>Zm H$m{ H$m`amZm haH$V ]Vm`m h$&
C..-A_a qgh H$s `mm g{ _mhmb Ama Ja_m`m
g_mOdmXr [mQ>u H{$ _hmgoMd A_a qgh H$s bIZD$ `mm Ama oZXbr` odYm`H$ amOm ^`m g{ o_bZ{ Z{ Cma X{e H{$ amOZoVH$ _mhmb H$m{ Ama Ja_m oX`m h$&
_mH$m{ gH$Q>-2 a{S>H$mg oVoZoY oW`{Q>a H{$ AXa Kwg{
AVams` a{SH$mg go_oV Z{ H$hm h nH$ a{SH$mg H${ Xm{ nVnZnY XdmB`m{ Ama A` nMnH$gm C[H$aUm{ H${ gmW _mH$m{ H$s oW`{Q>a dmbr Cg B_maV _| d{e H$a MwH${ h ,Ohm 700 bm{Jm| H$m{ M{M{Z odm{hr ]YH$ ]Zm`{ hE h &
hna`mUm-XobVm| H{$ [naOZm| H$m{ 5-5 bmI H$m _wAmdOm
hna`mUm gaH$ma POa nOb{ H${ XwbsZm Jmd _| _ma{ J`{ 5 XobVm| H{$ [nadmam| H$m{ 5-5 bmI [`m _wAmdOm X{Jr $&
_mH$m{ gH$Q>-g^r ]YH$m| H$m{ _maZ{ H$s Y_H$s
_mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| H$as] 700 `n$`m| H$m{ ]YH$ ]ZmZ{ dmb{ M{M{Z ndm{nh`m{ Z{ Y_H$s Xs h nH$ AJa  gs g{ZmE M{M{`m g{ Zht hQVs h Vm{ ]YH$m{ H$m{ Jm{bs _ma Xs OmEJs &
gb_mZ ImZ O{b g{ nahm
o\$_ An^Z{Vm gb_mZ ImZ H$m{ 18 nXZ VH$ [wnbg Ama `mn`H$ nhamgV _| aIZ{ H${ ]mX Jwdma amV AmR ]O{ RmU{ H$|s` O{b H${ n[Nb{ XadmO{ g{ nahm H$a nX`m J`m &
C..-AgVw> g_a[mb qgh bm{H$Xb g{ oZbo]V
H${s` H$nf_s Ed ams` bm{H$Xb H${ A`j MmYas AnOV ngh Z{ [mQu H${ ndYm`H$ g_a[mb ngh H$m{ [mQu g{ nZbn]V H$a nX`m h &
am>[oV H$b g{ _{Kmb` ,ZJmbS> H$s `mm [a
am[nV E [s O{ AXwb H$bm_ ewH$dma g{ _{Kmb` VWm ZJmbS H$s VsZ nXZ H$s `mm [a Om ah{ h &
Vo_bZmSw>-]X ahr A[g`H$ oejU gWm`|
Vn_bZmSw gaH$ma mam Y_mVaU nZam{YH$ A`mX{e Omas nH$E OmZ{ H${ ndam{Y _| am` H$s [mM hOma g{ AnYH$ A[g`H$ enjH$ gWmE Jwdma H$m{ ]X ahs &
_mH$m{ KQ>Zm ew AmVH$dmX-\$ZmSrO
^maV H{$ ajm _r OmO \$ZmS>rO Z{ _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| bm{Jm{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm`{ OmZ{ H$s KQZm H$m{ AmVH$dmX H$ama oX`m h$&
C..-amOZmW g{ ]mVMrV H{$ ]mX ^r AgVm{f W_m Zht
C.. _| ^mO[m odYm`H$m| H$m AgVm{f Xya H$aZ{ H{$ obE [mQ>u _hmgoMd amOZmW qgh dna> Z{Vm H$bamO o_l d bmbOr Q>S>Z g{ ]mVMrV _| bJ{ hE h$& dht [mQ>u Z{ AgVw> odYm`H$m| H{$ oIbm\$ H$madmB H{$ gH{$V oX`{ h$&
nedg{Zm H$m CS>rgm _| Am_KmVs XVm ]ZmZ{ H$m Xmdm
nedg{Zm _wI ]mb RmH$a{ H$s A[sb [a CSsgm H${ ]mbmgm{a nOb{ _| [mQu H$m`H$VmAm{ Z{ Am_KmVs XV{ ]ZmZ{ H$m Xmdm nH$`m h &
"]JbmX{e,Z{[mb gr_m [a o]H$V{ h ]{,_ohbmE'
ams` _mZdmnYH$ma Am`m{J Z{ n]hma g{ bJs ^maV-Z{[mb Ama ^maV-]JbmX{e AVaams` gs_m g{ _nhbmAm{ Ama ]Mm{ H$s hm{ ahs IasX \$am{V [a nMVm `$ H$s h$&
`yoZ`Z H$m]mBS> H$m H$Mam gm\$ H$aZ{ [a ]mVMrV
AVams` [`mdaU gJRZ" msZ[sg ' Z{> ^m{[mb _| `ynZ`Z H$m]mBS H$maImZ{ H${ [naga _| O_m Ohasb{ amgm`nZH$ H$Ma{ H$m{ hQ>mZ{ H{$ `mg ew$ oH$`{ h $&
_mH$m{ gH$Q>-odX{er ]YH$m| H$m{ ^r nahm H$aZ{ g{ BH$ma
M{M{Z ndm{nh`m{ Z{ _mH$m{ H{$ oW`{Q>a g{ A] ndX{es ]YH$m{ H$m{ ^r nahm H$aZ{ g{ BH$ma H$a nX`m h O]nH$ [hb{ d{ BgH${ nbE gh_V hm{ J`{ W{ &
M{M{Z odm{oh`m| Z{ 1 ]YH$ H$s h`m H$s
_mH$m{ H{$ oW`{Q>a _| ]wYdma amV g{ H$Om O_m`{ ]R>{ M{M{Z odm{oh`m| Z{ 1 ]YH$ H$s h`m H$a Xr h$&
C..-Hw$N> H$m{ _r ]Zm gH$Vr h _m`mdVr
CVa X{e ^maVs` OZVm [mQu (^mO[m) _{ C[O{ AgVm{f H$m{ X]mZ{ H${ nb`{ _w`_s _m`mdVs Z{ CgH${ H$wN ndYm`H$m{ H$m{ _s ]ZmZ{ H$m gH${V nX`m h &
lsbH$m gaH$ma-ob>{ H{$ ]rM 31AQy>.g{ o\$a ]mVMrV
lsbH$m gaH$ma Ama nb]a{eZ QmBJg Am\$ Vn_b Bb_ (nb{) H${ ]sM Xyga{ Xma H$s ]mVMsV WmBbS _| 31 AQy>]a Ama VsZ Zd]a H${ ]sM hm{Js &
_mH$m{ gH$Q>-AmVH$dmoX`m| g{ ]mV hB
_mH$m{ H{$ oW`{Q>a _| Kwg{ 40 M{M{Z AmVH$dmoX`m| g{ hB [hbr ]ma ]mVMrV _| H$m{B ZVrOm Zht oZH$b gH$m h$&
O_mZV H{$ ]mdOyX O{b _| ahZm [S>m gb_mZ H$m{
_w]B H$s g AXmbV g{ O_mZV o_b OmZ{ H{$ ]mdOyX o\$_ Ao^Z{Vm gb_mZ ImZ Jwdma H$m{ R>mU{ O{b g{ Zht Ny>Q> gH$m $&
aUOs Mn[`Z a{bd{ H{$ oIbm\$ d{QBSsO _O]yV
d{QBSsO Z{ Jwdma H$m{ [wU{ _| ew hwE VsZ nXdgs` _M _| Mm`H$mb VH$ aUOs Mn[`Z a{bd{ H${ nIbm\$ A[Zs [hbs [mas _| EH$ ndH${Q Im{H$a 219 aZ ]Zm nb`{ h &
O{H{$EbE\$ _radmBO H{$ Vmd [a Agh_V
O_y-H$_ra ob]a{eZ \Q> (O{H{$EbE\$) Z{ Amb [mQu hwna`V H$m\|$g H{$ [yd A`j _radmBO C_a \$mH$ H{$ EH$ Vmd d ]`mZ [a ZmamOJr OVmB h$&
BSm{Z{ne`mB gJR>Z ^r A_{naH$m H$s AmVH$dmX gyMr _|
A_{naH$m Z{ BSm{Z{ne`m H${ Cg AmVH$dmXs gJRZ H$m{ AmVH$dmXs gJRZm{ H$s A[Zs gyMs _| emn_b H$a ahm h nOgH$m ]mbs s[ _| JV 12 AQy>]a H$m{ hwE ]_ nd\$m{Q _| hmW hm{Z{ H$m gX{h h &
MmQ>mbm _V XobVm| H{$ [naOZm| g{ o_b{
hna`mUm H${ _w`_s Am{_ H$me MmQmbm Z{ JV 15 AQy>]a POa nOb{ H${ XwbsZm Jmd _| _ma{ J`{ [mM XnbVm{ H${ [nadmam{ g{ Jwdma H$m{ CZH${ Kam{ [a OmH$a _wbmH$mV H$s &
Nm{Qm amOZ nJam{h H${ [mM gX` C.. _| nJaVma
CVa X{e H${ BQmdm nOb{ _| Nm{Qm amOZ nJam{h H${ [mM gX`m{ H$m{ [wnbg Z{ nJaVma nH$`m h &
am_ ZmBH$ AmO amV d{Z{mwEbm Om`|J{
[{Qm{nb`_ Ed mH$nVH$ Jg _s am_ ZmBH$ Os-15 H$s 12 dt ]RH$ _| ^mJ b{Z{ H${ nb`{ Jwdma amV d{Z{mwEbm admZm hm{J{ &
AmoWH$ ZroV`m| [a o\$a g{ odMma hm{-S>m._Z_m{hZ qgh
X{e H{$ [yd ndV _s Ed H$mm{g H${ dna Z{Vm Sm._Z_m{hZ ngh am>r` OZVmoH$ JR>]YZ gaH$ma H$s AmoWH$ ZroV`m| [a Jwdma H$m{ IwbH$a ]m{b{$&
C..-AgVm{f g{ ]Z|J{ Z`{ g_rH$aU !
C.. _| _M{ K_mgmZ g{ dhm H$s amOZroV _| Z`{ Xma H$s ewAmV hm{ gH$Vr h$&
CV_ `m`mb` Z{ H$ZmQ>H$ H$m{ \$Q>H$mam
H$md{ar Ob oddmX [a Vo_bZmSw> H$m{ [mZr N>m{S>Z{ H$m AmX{e Z _mZZ{ [a CV_ `m`mb` Z{ Jwdma H$m{ H$ZmQ>H$ H$m{ O_H$a \$Q>H$ma bJmB$&
gb_mZ ImZ H$m{ O_mZV n_bs
_w]B H$s g AXmbV Z{ n\$_ An^Z{Vm Ama H$ma XwKQZm _m_b{ H${ Amam{[s gb_mZ ImZ H$m{ O_mZV [a nahm H$aZ{ H$m AmX{e nX`m h&
]m{nag ]{H$a H$m{ H$a Mm{ar H{$ _m_b{ _| gOm
O_Zs H$s EH$ AXmbV Z{ [yd Q{nZg ngVma{ ]m{nag ]{H$a H$m{ H$a Mm{as H$m Xm{fs H$ama X{V{ hwE Xm{ gmb H$s H$X Ama VsZ bmI `yam{ H${ Ow_mZ{ H$s gOm gwZmB h &
H$mm{g H$m`H$VmAm{ Z{ Vm{JnS`m [a AS{ \|$H{$
H$mm{g A`j gm{nZ`m JmYs H${ nIbm\$ H$nWV Am[nVOZH$ nQ[Us H$aZ{ dmb{ ndd nhXy [nafX H${ _hmgnMd dsU Vm{JnS`m H${ nIbm\$ _hmam _| AmXm{bZ ]T>Vm Om ahm h
gs ]YH$ Z{ AVaams` hVj{[ H$s A[sb H$s
ge M{M{Z ndm{nh`m{ mam _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| ]YH$ ]ZmE JE gH$Sm{ bm{Jm{ _| g{ EH$ gs ]YH$ Z{ Bg g_`m H${ g_mYmZ H${ nbE AVaams` g_wXm` g{ hVj{[ H$aZ{ H$s A[sb H$s h &
AmVH$dmnX`m{ Z{ oW`{Q>a CSmZ{ H$s Y_H$s Xs
_mH$m{ _| nWEQa H${ ^sVa gH$Sm{ XeH$m{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]ZmZ{ dmb{ M{M{Z AmVH$dmnX`m{ Z{ AmO Jwdma H$m{ Y_H$s Xs nH$ AJa gwajm ]bm{ Z{ B_maV _| KwgZ{ H$s H$m{nee H$s Vm{ Bg{ CSm nX`m OmEJm&
^mO[m Ama gK H${ ]sM AmO em_ ]mVMsV
^maVs` OZVm [mQu Ama ams` d`g{dH$ gK H${ naVm{ _| Am`s IQmg H$m{ Xya H$aZ{ H${ nb`{ [mQu Ama gK H${ Z{VmAm{ H${ ]sM ]hwVsnjV ]mVMsV AmO Jwdma em_ [mM ]O{ YmZ_s nZdmg [a hm{Js &
[n_s X{em{ H${ ]YH$ _w$$ nH$E OmEJ{-amOXyV
M{M{Z ndm{nh`m{ mam _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| ]YH$ ]ZmE JE bm{Jm{ _| g{ [n_s X{em{ H${ ]YH$m{ H$m{ Nm{Sm OmEJm &
_mH$m{ _| nWEQa H${ ]mha V{O nd\$m{Q
_mH$m{ _| nOg B_maV _| M{M{Z AmVH$dmnX`m{ Z{ gH$Sm{ XeH$m{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm H$a aIm hwAm h CgH${ ]mha _mOyX [H$mam{ Z{ AmO Jwdma H$m{ V{O nd\$m{Q gwZ{ OmZ{ H$s ]mV H$hs&
H$_ra _| H$mJ{g Z{Vd dmbr gaH$ma ]Z{Jr- qgh
H$mm{g H${ dna Z{Vm Sm. _Z_m{hZ ngh Z{ C_sX Omnha H$s h nH$ O_y H$_sa _| OXs hs H$mm{g H${ Z{Vd _| gaH$ma H$m JRZ hm{ OmEJm&
MsZ- IXmZ _| nd\$m{Q> 44 H${ _aZ{ H$s AmeH$m
MsZ _| emZ"gs mV H${ bwnb`mJ _| EH$ H$m{`bm IXmZ _| H$b ]wYdma H$m{ O]aXV Jg nd\$m{Q hm{Z{ g{ H$_ g{ H$_ 15 IXmZ _OXya _ma{ JE& IXmZ _| \$g{ 29 Ama _OXyam{ H${ ^s OsndV ]MZ{ H$s g^mdZm ]hwV H$_ h &
_mH$m{-]YH$m{ H$s nahmB H${ nbE `mg
M{MZ g_wXm` H${ Xm{ _wI gX` g H$s amOYmZs _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| ge M{MZ ndm{nh`m{ mam ]YH$ ]ZmE JE gH$Sm{ bm{Jm{ H$s nahmB H${ g]Y _| ]mVMsV H${ nbE nW`{Qa _| d{e H$a JE h &
]YH$m{ H$m hmb OmZZ{ H${ nbE naV{Xma ]{hmb
g H$s amOYmZs _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nWEQa _| M{M{Z Nm[m_mam{ mam ]YH$ ]ZmH$a aI{ J`{ bm{Jm{ H$m hmbMmb OmZZ{ H${ nbE ]YH$m{ H${ naV{Xma- hVmem - Jwg{ Ama J_JsZ _wm _| _mH$m{ H$s gSH$m{ [a Ky_ ah{ h&
AmVH$dmnX`m{ Z{ 150 ]YH$ _wH$ nH$E
A[Z{ Am[ H$m{ M{M{Z ]VmZ{ dmb{ ]XyH$Ymna`m{ Z{ _mH$m{ nWV EH$ nW`{Qa H${ ^sVa ]YH$ ]Zm`{ J`{ gmV gm bm{Jm{ _| g{ MwZ{ hwE 150 bm{Jm| H$m{ AmO Jwdma H$m{ _w$$ H$a nX`m h& BZ_| ]M{, _nhbm`|, _wnb_ Ama OmnO`m H${ H$wN bm{J ^s h&
gs gwajm]b B_maV _| KwgZ{ H$s [hb Zht H$a|J{
gs ggXs` gwajm gn_nV H${ gX` J{mXs JwVH$m{d Z{ AmO Jwdma H$m{ H$hm nH$ O] VH$ M{M{Z ndm{hs nWEQa H${ ^sVa ]YH$ ]ZmE JE bm{Jm{ H$m{ H$m{B ZwH$gmZ Zht [hwMmV{ V] VH$ gwajm ]b Cg B_maV _| Zht Kwg|J{&
odXm{oh`m| Z{ gmar B_maV _| od\$m{Q>H$ bJm aI{ h
_mH$m{ H{$ EH$ oW`{Q>a [a H$b ]wYdma amV H$Om H$aZ{ dmb{ M{M{Z odm{oh`m| Z{ [ya{ oW`{Q>a _| od\$m{Q>H$ bJm aI{ h$&
_mH$m{ [ya{ KQZmH$_ [a ZOa aI{ h-[wnVZ
gs am[nV bmnX_sa [wnVZ H{$_nbZ g{ _mH$m{ H${ XnjU [yd _| _{bnZH$m{d QsQ [a nWV Xwmm{dH$m nW`{Qa H${ g_yM{ KQZm"a_ [a ZOa aI{ hw`{ h &
_mH$m{ _| nWEQa H${ Amg[mg H$m BbmH$m Imbs H$am`m J`m
g H$s amOYmZs _mH$m{ H${ EH$ nW`{Qa _| VH$as]Z 600 bm{Jm{ H$m{ M{M`m ndm{nh`m{ mam ]YH$ ]ZmZ{ H${ ]mX g H${ g]g{ V{O Vama [wnbg XV{ A\$m Z{ nW`{Qa H$s B_maV K{a bs h &
_mH$m{-oW`{Q>a _| 700 bm{J ]YH$ ]ZmE JE
g H$s amOYmZs _mH$m{ _| H$b ]wYdma amV bJ^J 40 ge bm{Jm{ H${ Xb Z{ M{M{`m _| VwaV gmf g_m H$aZ{ H$s _mJ H$aV{ hwE EH$ nWEQa _| _mOyX bJ^J gmV gm g{ EH$ hOma bm{Jm{ H$m{ ]YH$ ]Zm nb`m &

AQy>]a 23

_ oZXm}f h -YmodH$m gwZrVm amZr
]wgmZ Ene`mS _| nV]nYV Xdm b{Z{ H$s Amam{[s YmndH$m gwZsVm amZs Z{ H$hm h nH$ dh nZXm{f h Ama A[Z{ VWm X{e H{$ g_mZ H$m{ ]hmb H$aZ{ H{$ obE AoV_ X_ VH$ bS>{Jr$&
C..-g[m goH$` hB,H$mJ{g H$m{ _Zm`{Jr
CVa X{e ^maVs` OZVm [mQu ndYm`H$m{ _| AgVm{f H$s I]am{ g{ CgmnhV g_mOdmXs [mQu _m`mdVs gaH$ma oJamZ{ H$s V`mar _| OwQ> JB h$&
goMZ mam dZ S>{ lIbm H{$ Q>rdrEg H$[ H$m AZmdaU
gnMZ V|XwbH$a Z{ ]wYdma H$m{ _w]B _| ^maV Ama d{QBSsO H${ ]sM hm{Z{ dmbs gmV _Mm{ H$s EH$ nXdgs` lIbm H${ nb`{ QsdsEg H$[ H$m AZmdaU oH$`m $&
79 gmb H{$ hE C[am>[oV e{ImdV
C[am>[[na ^am{qgh e{ImdV AmO ]wYdma H$m{ 79 df H{$ hm{ J`{$& YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ C[am[nV ^am{ ngh e{ImdV H$m{ CZH${ 79 d| O_ nXZ [a hmnXH$ ew^H$m_Zm`| Xs h &
H$mJ{g-[rS>r[r ]mar-]mar g{ _w`_r ]ZZ{ [a amOr !
O_y-H$_sa _| _w`_s [X H$m{ b{H$a H$mm{g Ama [s[wg S{_m{H${nQH$ [mQu ([sSs[s) H${ ]sM ]mar-]mar g{ _`_r ]ZZ{ H$s eV [a gh_oV ]ZZ{ H$s I]a h$&
]m{nag ]{H$a Z{ Q>g Mm{as H$s ]mV drH$mar
O_Zs H${ Q{nZg Qma ]m{nag ]{H$a Z{ O_Zr H{$ `yoZI eha H$s EH$ AXmbV _| dsH$ma nH$`m nH$ X{e _| Q"g AXm Zht H$a CgZ{ ^yb H$s h &
BamH$ [a h_b{ g{ ]Mm Om`{-JwOamb,dr [r qgh
^maV H{$ Xm{ [yd YmZ_n`m{ B H$w_ma JwOamb Ama nddZmW Vm[ ngh Z{ BamH$ [a h_bm Q>mbZ{ H$s A[rb H$s h$&
H$_ra-S>r[rE\$ H$m H$mJ{g H$m{ g_WZ H$m gH{$V
O_y-H$_sa _| gmV gX`s` S{_m{H${nQH$ [s[wg \$m{a_ (S>r[rE\$) Z{ am` _| Z`s gaH$ma JnRV H$aZ{ H${ nbE H$mJ{g H$m{ g_WZ X{Z{ H$m gH{$V oX`m h$&
CSrgm,AmY X{e _| ^mas dfm H$s g^mdZm
_mg_ nd^mJ H${ AZwgma AmJm_s 48 KQm{ _| XnjU CSsgm,VQs` Amm X{e Ama CVas Vn_bZmSw _| ^mas dfm hm{Z{ H$s g^mdZm h &
XyagMma AnYH$mar gmH{$oVH$ AmXm{bZ [a
XyagMma nd^mJ H${ H$as] 40 hOma AnYH$mna`m{ Z{ H$o_H$ ^yI hS>Vmb, YaZm, XeZ H{$ ]mX ]wYdma g{ A[Zs odo^ _mJm{ H$m{ b{H$a "oZ`_mZwgma H$m_ AmXm{bZ ew$ oH$`m$&
H$_ra-5 Zd]a g{ O_y hm{Jr amOYmZr
O_y-H$_sa H{$ g^r H$m`mb` 5 Zd]a g{ esVH$mbsZ amOYmZs O_y _| WmZmVnaV hm{ Om`|J{ &
^maV-]mOsb H{$ ]rM H$of,Xdm j{ _| g_PmVm
^maV Ama mmOsb Z{ H$nf,AmfnY gnhV Od mm{nJH$s H${ ndn^ j{m{ _| Am[gs gh`m{J H$s H$m``m{OZm H${ g_PmV{ [a hVmja nH$`{ h &
"oh_mMb X{e _| Iga{ g{ 10 ]m| H$s _mV'
nh_mMb X{e H$mm{g H$s A`j ndm Qm{"g Z{ Xmdm nH$`m h nH$ am` H${ M]m nOb{ H$s Mwamh KmQs _| hmb hs _| Iga{ g{ 10 Ama ]Mm{ H$s _`w hm{ MwH$s h &
ajm _r \$ZmSsg Zd]a _| MsZ Om`|J{
ajm _s OmO \$ZmSsg H${ AJb{ _mh MsZ H$s `mm [a OmZ{ H$s g^mdZm h &
Jm{Yam OmM [yas,[mH$ g]Yr g]yV Zht o_b{
JwOamV [wnbg Z{ Bgr gmb 27 \$adar H$m{ JwOamV H{$ Jm{Yam _| gm]a_Vs E"g{g Q{Z H${ nS]{ _| AmJ bJm H$a 59 bm{Jm{ H$m{ _ma SmbZ{ H$s OK` KQZm H$s OmM [yas H$a br h$&
]m{nag ]{H$a [a Q"g Mm{as H$m _wH$X_m
O_Zs H${ Q{nZg Qma ]m{nag ]{H$a H${ nIbm\$ Q"g Mm{as H${ _m_b{ H$s gwZdmB `yoZI H$s EH$ AXmbV _| ew hwB &
gb_mZ H$s O_mZV [a gwZdmB Q>br
_w]B H$s EH$ g AXmbV Z{ H$ma XwKQZm _m_b{ H${ Amam{[s n\$_ An^Z{Vm gb_mZ ImZ H$s 5 dr ]ma XmoIb O_mZV AOu [a gwZdmB H$b Jwdma VH$ H{$ obE Q>mb Xr h$&
]rEgEZEb,E_Q>rEZEb amV _| BQ>aZ{Q> Xa| AmYr H$a|J{
^maV gMma nZJ_ nb.(]sEgEZEb) Ama _hmZJa Q{bs\$m{Z nZJ_ nb.(E_QsEZEb) amV _| BQaZ{Q `m{J H$aZ{ H${ nbE A[Zs Sm`b A[ Xam{ _| OX 50 nVeV VH$ H$QmVs H$a|J{ &
gm{oZ`m JmYr g{ ]mV H$aZ{ _wVr oXr OmEJ{
H$mJ{g Z{ O_y H$_sa _| gaH$ma H${ JRZ H${ _gb{ [a ]mVMsV H${ nb`{ [s[wg S{_m{H${nQH$ [mQu H${ A`j _wVs _m{h_X gBX H$m{ nXbs ]wbm`m h&
O_y-H$_sa _| memgnZH$ \${a]Xb
O_y-H$_sa H${ am`[mb nJase M g"g{Zm Z{ am` _| am`[mb emgZ H${ ]mX CM Va [a dna AnYH$mna`m{ H$m \${a]Xb nH$`m h&
AmBEgAmB H{$ MrZr EO{Q> g{ [yN>VmN> Omar
^maV nV]V Z{[mb gs_m [a nWV YmaMybm _| [wnbg mam nJa$Vma nH$`{ J`{ AmBEgAmB H${ EH$ EO{Q MsZs ZmJnaH$ g{ [yNVmN _| H$m{B nde{f g\$bVm hmngb Zhs hwB h,Ogg{ n[Nb{ [mM nXZm{ g{ [yNVmN H$s Omahs h&
YmZ_r H${ dm` _| gwYma
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s H${ dm` _| AmO ]wYdma H$m{ gVm{fOZH$ gwYma Am`m h b{nH$Z Amam_ H$aZ{ H$s Sm"Qam{ H$s gbmh H$m{ X{IV{ hw`{ AmO ^s CZH${ g^s H$m`H$_ a H$a nX`{ J`{ h&
hXam]mX-[Q>mIm XwH$mZ _| AmJ, 13 _a{
Amm X{e H$s amOYmZs hXam]mX H${ `V ]{J_ ]mOma _| AmO ]wYdma gw]h [QmIm{ H$s EH$ XwH$mZ _| AmJ bJZ{ g{ 13 bm{J _ma{ JE Ama Xg Km`b hm{ J`{& Km`bm{ _| Mma H$s hmbV J^sa h&
nXbs j{m _| ^yH$[ H$m hH$m PQH$m
nXbs j{ _| AmO ]wYdma H$m{ VSH${ ^yH$[ H${ hH${ PQH${ _hgyg nH$`{ J`{&
H$ZmSm H${ b{IH$ H$m{ gmoh` H$m "]wH$a' [waH$ma
H$ZmSm H${ b{IH$ `mZ _maV{b H$m{ CZH$s H$nV "bmB\$ Am\$ [s' H${ nbE nVnV ]wH$a [waH$ma g{ g_mnZV nH$`m J`m h&

AQy>]a 22

_hmam>-amH$m[m H$s g_WZ dm[gr H$s Y_H$s
_hmam> _| OZ g_`mAm| [a XwIr amdmXs H$mm{g [mQu Z{ A[Zr gh`m{Jr H$mJ{g gaH$ma g{ g_WZ dm[gr H$s Y_H$s Xr h$&
dmO[{`r R>rH$ hE Vm{ 25 H$m{ abr g]m{oYV H$a|J{
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s ams` OZVmnH$ JR]YZ (amOJ ) gaH$ma H${ VsZ df [ya{ hm{Z{ H${ _mH${ [a ZB oXr _| 25 A"Qy]a H$m{ EH$ abs H$m{ g]m{nYV H$a{J| &
C..-]wYdma H$m{ ^mO[m,AgVw>m| d g[m H$s ]R>H|$
CVa X{e _| _n_Sb ndVma H${ ]mX C[O{ AgVm{f _| ]wYdma H$m oXZ _hd[yU h$& ^mO[m H{$ AgVw>m| H{$ gmW AoOV qgh H{$ am>r` bm{H$Xb H{$ gX` ^r Bg oXZ EH$ ]R>H$ H$a ah{ h$&
BamH$ [a h_bm-A_{naH$m H$m Z`m Vmd ImnaO
BamH$ [a g`w$ am _| A_{naH$m H{$ ZE Vmd H$m{  g Z{ `h H$hV{ hwE ImnaO H$a oX`m h nH$ `h A_{naH$m Ama nmQ{Z mam [{e [yddVu Vmd g{ em`X hs AbJ h &
lsZJa _| eo$embr nd\$m{QH$ nZnH$` nH$`m J`m
O_y-H$_sa H$s amOYmZr lsZJa H$s Jyng`m H$mbm{Zs _| AmVH$dmnX`m{ mam aIm J`m en$embs nd\$m{QH$ _Jbdma H$m{ gwajm ]bm{ Z{ oZpH$` H$a EH$ EH$ ]S>r XwKQ>Zm H$m{ Q>mb oX`m$&
$g _| _mbdmhH$ OhmO Sy]m ,51 bm{Jm| H$s _mV
$g H{$ AOa]{OmZ mV H$s amOYmZs ]mH$y H${ [mg H${n[`Z gmJa _| _Jbdma H$m{ EH$ _mbdmhH$ OhmO Sy]Z{ g{ g^s 51 `ms _ma{ JE &
"AjaYm_ _oXa h_b{ _| 2 Zht 3 AmVH$dmXr W{'
JwOamV H${ JmYsZJa _| AjaYm_ _nXa [a AmVH$dmXs h_b{ _| Km`b hwE EZEgOs H$_mSm{ gwOZ ngh ^Smas H${ AZwgma h_b{ _| Xm{ Zht VsZ AmVH$dmXr emo_b W{ &
AmSdmUs ]wYdma H$m{ JwOamV _|
C[ YmZ_s bmbH$U AmSdmUs ]wYdma H$m{ ^mO[m H$s MwZmd gn_nV H$s ]RH$ _| nhgm b{Z{ JmYrZJa AmEJ{ &
dmO[{`r H{$ H$b H{$ ^r g^r H$m`H$_ WoJV
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s H$s AdWVm H$m{ X{IV{ hw`{ ]wYdma H$m{ hm{Z{ dmb{ g^r H$m`H$_ WoJV H$a oX`{ J`{ h$&
JwOamV-_hmd{Vm X{dr H$s `moMH$m [a H|$ H$m{ Zm{oQ>g
CMV_ `m`mb` Z{ JwOamV _| XJm [snSVm{ H${ _m_b{ [a kmZ [rR> [waH$ma odO{Vm _hmd{Vm X{ds H$s `mnMH$m [a H$| Ama JwOamV gaH$ma VWm ams` _mZdmnYH$ma Am`m{J H$m{ Zm{nQg Omas nH$`{ h $&
nXndO` ngh ^s [hb{ ndoh[ _| W{-C_m ^maVs
H|$r` H$m{`bm Ed ImZ _s C_m ^maVs Z{ ]Vm`m h nH$ _` X{e H${ _w`_s nXndO` ngh [hb{ ndd nhXy [nafX _| ah MwH${ h Ama ]M[Z _| dh dMZ H$aZ{ lr qgh H${ Ka ^s JB Ws &
Ama H{$ e_m H$s `mn`H$ nhamgV 5 Zd]a VH$ ]Ts
ZB oXr H$s EH$ AXmbV Z{ nedmZs h`mH$mS H${ _w` Amam{[s hna`mUm H${ [yd [wnbg _hmnZasjH$ Ama H${ e_m H$s `mn`H$ nhamgV AdnY [mM Zd]a VH$ ]Tm Xs h &
]OQ _| `mXm bwH$m-oN>[r Zht hm{Jr- OgdV qgh
ndV _s OgdV ngh Z{ H$hm h nH$ Bg ]ma g^s H$a Vmdm{ gnhV ]OQ H$m{ [maXeu ]Zm`m Om`{Jm &
JwOamV-\$m`naJ H{$ ]mX I{S>m,[mQ>Z _| VZmd
JwOamV H${ I{S>m Ama [mQ>Z oObm| _| Xm{ g_yhm{ H${ ]sM hwB qhgH$ PS[m{ Ama BgH{$ ]mX hB [wnbg \$m`naJ H${ ]mX VZmd C[ hm{ J`m h &
_w]B _| ]Z{Jm X{e H$m [hbm Xm{ _oObm C>mZ [wb
X{e _| [hbs ]ma _w]B _| Xm{ _nObm CmZ [wb ]ZZ{ H$m H$m_ AJb{ df _B _mh g{ ew hm{ Om`{Jm &
oXr _| B_maV oJar ,2 H$s _mV
[n_s nXbs _| [Om]s ]mJ j{ H${ EH$ ]mOma _| _Jbdma H$m{ EH$ nV_nObm nZ_mUmYsZ B_maV H${ ThZ{ g{ Xm{ `n$`m| H$s _mV hm{ JB Ama 11 A` Km`b hm{ JE &
]mS_{a _| n_J-21 XwKQZmmV,[m`bQ gwanjV
amOWmZ H${ gs_mdVu ]mS_{a nOb{ _| ^maVs` dm`wg{Zm H$m n_J-21 bSmH$y nd_mZ XwKQZmmV hm{ J`m &
hna`mUm-ohgma _| "Om[mZr ]wIma' \$bm,6 H$s _mV
hna`mUm H${ H$aZmb nOb{ _| hmb hs _| \$b{ ah`_`s ]wIma g{ A] VH$ Nh `n$`m| H$s _mV hm{ MwH$s h &
d{]gmBQ> VhbH$m.H$m_ ]X hB
ajm gmXm| _| ^>mMma COmJa H$aZ{ d _Zm{O ^mH$a mam Q>[ oH$`{ _M o\$pgJ H$s "Jw' ]mVMrV oXImH$a MMm _| AmB d{]gmBQ> VhbH$m.H$m_ AmoWH$ H$maUm| g{ ]X H$a Xr JB h$&
JwOamV MwZmd H$s oVoW`m bJ^J V` !
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ Xm{ MaUm| _| 16 d 19 oXg]a H$m{ am` odYmZg^m MwZmd H$amZ{ H$m _Z ]Zm ob`m h$&
An_Vm^ H${ ]Jb{ [a o\$a Kwgm EH$ `wdH$
gw[aQma An_Vm^ ]MZ H${ _w]B pWV Z`{ ]Jb{ "Obgm' _| gwajm `dWm H$m{ YVm ]VmH$a Kwg{ EH$ `wdH$ H$m{ [wnbg Z{ nJaVma H$a nb`m h &
d{Q BSsO oH$H{$Q> Q>r_ [wU{ admZm
^maV Z{ `hm I{b{ JE Xyga{ Q{Q _| d{Q BSsO H$m{ ham H$a VsZ Q{Qm{ H$s eIbm _| 2--0 H$s AO{` ]T>V b{ bs h &
"[{Qm{nb`_ _y` dyo H$m Aga a{b ^mS>{ [a Zht'
a{b _s ZsVse H$w_ma Z{ AmO _Jbdma H$m{ H$hm nH$ [{Qm{b Ama SsOb H$s H$s_Vm{ _| hw`s dn H$m Aga a{b ^mS>{ [a Zht [S{Jm&
_`w [yd ]`mZ [a H$mZyZr oddmX oZ[Q>m
CMV_ `m`mb` Z{ nMnH$gH$ H$s na[m{Q H${ ]Ja ^s _`w [yd ]`mZ H$s dYVm ]aH$ama aI H$a Bg _m_b{ _| b]{ Ag} g{ Omas H$mZyZs nddmX nZ[Qm nX`m h&
mYmZ_s H$m{ Xm{-VsZ nXZ ndlm_ H$s gbmh
YmZ_s ls AQbn]hmas dmO[{`s H$m{ "dmBag gH$_U' hwAm h Ama Sm"Qam{ Z{ Ch| Ama Xm{- VsZ nXZm{ VH$ [yU ndlm_ H$s gbmh Xs h&
AmQ{nb`m Z{ [mnH$VmZ H$m{ [mas g{ amXm
AmQ{nb`m Z{ [mnH$VmZ H$m{ emaOmh _| Vsga{ Ama AmnIas nH$H${Q Q{Q H${ MmW{ nXZ AmO _Jbdma H$m{ EH$ [mas Ama 20 aZm{ g{ amXV{ hwE eIbm 3--0 g{ OsV bs &
Xs[mdbs [a H$m{H$U a{bd{ H$s nde{f Q{Z|
Xs[mdbs [a Q{Zm{ _| ^sS> H${ X{IV{ hwE `mn`m{ H$m{ gwndYm X{Z{ H${ nb`{ H$m|H$U a{bd{ Z{ [n_ a{bd{ H$s ghm`Vm g{ "hmbs S{ [{eb'Q{Z| MbmZ{ H$m \$gbm nH$`m h&
[mH$-Ab H$m`Xm g{ g]oYV _ehya S>mQ>a oJaVma
H$w`mV AVams` AmVH$dmXs Am{gm_m n]Z bmX{Z Ama CgH${ g_WH$m{ g{ ghmZw^ynV aIZ{ dmbm{ H${ nIbm\$ A[Zs _wnh_ Omas aIV{ hw`{ A_asH$s Iwn\$`m EO|gs gKs` OmM `yam{ (E\$ ]s AmB ) VWm [mnH$VmZs [wnbg Z{ H$b gm{_dma H$m{ EH$ _ehya [mnH$VmZs SmH$Qa H$m{ nJa$Vma nH$`m &
AmYX{e- [Q>mIm| _| od\$m{Q> g{ 1_am
AmmX{e H${ [n_s Jm{Xmdas nOb{ H${ Eby _| H$b gm{_dma H$m{ [QmIm{ H${ nd\$m{Q _| EH$ `nH$ _mam J`m Ama gmV A` Km`b hm{ J`{ &
AmS>dmUr H$s h`m H$s gmoOe, gyYma _mam J`m
JwOamV [wobg H{$ _wVmo]H$ AmO _Jbdma gw]h EH$ _wR>^{S> _| Oe E _m{h_X H$m EH$ Hw$`mV A[amYr g_ra ImZ _mam J`m Om{ C[ YmZ_r AmS>dmUr Ama JwOamV H{$ _w`_r Za{ _m{Xr H$s h`m H$s gmoOe aM ahm Wm$&
H$o[bX{d H$m`Z{oQ>H$ _| ohg{Xma hm|J{ !
^maVs` H${ [yd nH$H${Q H$mZ H$n[bX{d Z{ Xw[nh`m dmhZ H$s H$[Zs H$m`ZmnQH$ BOsnZ`naJ _| nhg{Xmas b{Z{ H$s BNm OVmB h&

AQy>]a 21

[mH$,C.H$m{na`m H$m{ Hw$N> Zht X{Jm-[md{b
Cmar H$m{na`m H$m{ [moH$VmZ mam [a_mUw gm_Jr oX`{ OmZ{ H$s I]a H$s [wo> hm{ OmZ{ H{$ ]mX A] A_{naH$m [moH$VmZ H{$ ]Mmd _| bJm h$&
C..-AgVw> IwbH$a gm_Z{ Am`{ ,go_oV ]ZmB
C..H{$ _o_S>b odVma g{ I\$m ^mO[m odYm`H$ [mQ>u AmbmH$_mZ H{$ ]mX ^r emV Zht hm{ ah{ h$& gm{_dma H$m{ Chm|Z{ M{VmdZr H$s [admh oH$`{ o]Zm EH$ go_oV ]Zm br$&
dra[Z H$m{ [H$S>Zm bmX{Z oOVZm hr H$oR>Z-H$Um
H$ZmQ>H$ H{$ _w`_r Eg E_ H$Um MXZ VH$a dsa[Z H$m{ [H$SZm AVaam>r` AmVH$dmXr Am{gm_m o]Z bmX{Z oOVZm hr H$oR>Z _mZV{ h$&
g{Zm H$s VZmVs ghr H$X_ Wm-OmO \$ZmSsO
ajm _s OmO \$ZmSsO Z{ H$hm nH$ [mnH$VmZ g{ bJs gs_m [a Xg _mh g{Zm H$s VZmVs g{ ndd H$m{ AmVH$dmX g{ bSZ{ H$s ^maV H$s nV]Vm H${ ]ma{ _| ghs gX{e J`m h &
[moH$VmZ-YmZ_r [X H$s XmS> _| EH$ _ohbm ^r
[mnH$VmZ _| Am_ MwZmd H{$ ]mX A] YmZ_r (dOsa-E-AmO_) ]ZZ{ H{$ ]ma{ _| gaJo_`m Omar h$& Bg [X H$s XmS> _| EH$ _nhbm gmgX H$m ^s Zm_ nb`m Om ahm h &
gwZsVm amZr H${ [XH$ nNZZ{ H$s [wn hB
Ene`mB Am{bn[H$ [nafX (Am{gsE) Ama ^maVs` Am{bn[H$ gK (AmBAm{E) Z{ ]wgmZ Ene`mB I{bm{ _| nV]nYV Xdm b{Z{ H$s Xm{fs [mB J`s ^maVs` EWbsQ gwZsVm amZs H${ [XH$ NsZ{ OmZ{ H$s [wn H$a Xr h$&
H$_sa-[wbdm_m _| nd\$m{Q,10 Km`b
O_y-H$_sa H${ [wbdm_m nOb{ _| H$wbJm_ ]g A{ [a gm{_dma Xm{[ha hE EH$ nd\$m{Q _| EH$ gnZH$ g_{V 10 `n$ Km`b hm{ J`{ & BZ_| VsZ H$s hmbV J^sa h &
Vo_b Z{Vm Z{Xw_maZ H$s ohamgV ]T>r
nb]a{eZ QmBJg Am\$ Vn_b Bb_ (nb{) g_WH$ ^mfU X{Z{ H${ nbE AmVH$dmX nZam{YH$ H$mZyZ ([m{Qm) H${ VhV nJaVma Vn_b Z{Vm [s Z{Xw_maZ H$s nhamgV AdnY 28 A"Qy]a VH$ ]Tm Xs JB h &
C..-AgVw>m| H$m{ ^mO[m H$s AoV_ M{VmdZr
^maVs` OZVm [mQu Z{ CVa X{e _| _o_S>b odVma g{ AgVw> odYm`H$m| H$m{ AnV_ M{VmdZs X{V{ hE H$hm h nH$ AJa Chm{Z{ AZwemgZ H$m{ Zht _mZm Vm{ [mQu H$m{ CZH${ nIbm\$ H$Ss H$madmB H$aZ{ [a ]m` hm{Zm [S{Jm &
H$_ra-[Wg [mQ>u H$mJ{g H$m{ g_WZ X{Z{ [a amOr
O_y-H$_sa Z{eZb [Wg [mQu Z{ am` _| gaH$ma H${ JRZ H${ nbE H$mJ{g H$m{ n]Zm eV g_WZ X{Z{ H$m \$gbm nH$`m h &
N>mrgJT>-Ohasbs eam] [sZ{ g{ 4 H$s _mV
NVsgJT H{$ gaJwOm nOb{ H${ ]Qdmhs Jmd _| Ohasbs eam] [sZ{ g{ EH$ [nadma H${ VsZ gX`m{ gnhV Mma bm{Jm{ H$s _`w hm{ JB h &
H$_ra-_Z_m{hZ qgh-gBX H$s ]mVMsV nd\$b
O_y-H$_ra _| gaH$ma ]ZmZ{ H$m{ b{H$a am`[mb mam V` g_` gr_m 21 AQy>]a H$m{ ^r S>m._Z_m{hZ qgh Ama _wVr _m{h_X gBX H$s ]mVMrV H$m H$m{B ZVrOm Zht oZH$b gH$m$&
odoZd{e oH$`m [a [mQ>u _| EH$ am` Zht-amOZmW
C.. H{$ _w`_r d H{$ gaH$ma _| ^yVb [nadhZ _r Og{ _hd[yU [Xm| [a H$m_ H$a MwH{$ amOZmW qgh H{$ obE MwZmd _| hma- OrV EH$ og{$ H{$ Xm{ [hwbAm| Og{ hr h$&
gb_mZ ImZ H{$ oIbm\$ Amam{[ [ XmoIb
_w]B [wobg Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ o\$_ Ao^Z{Vm gb_mZ ImZ H{$ oIbm\$ H$ma XwKQ>Zm H{$ _m_b{ _| AXmbV _| Amam{[ [ XmoIb H$a oX`m h$&
b{Z _H$Jm H{$ 400 odH{$Q> [ya{
AmQ{nb`m H${ V{O J|X]mO b{Z _H$mm Q{Q nH$H${Q H$s XwnZ`m _| 400 ndH${Q b{Z{ dmb{ AmRd| J|X]mO ]Z JE h&
]mbmX{e- od[jr Z{Vm H{$ goMd oJaVma
]JbmX{e _| g{Zm Z{ nd[js Z{Vm e{I hgsZm H${ amOZsnVH$ gnMd gmn]a hwg{Z H$m{ nO`m AVaams` hdmB A{ [a H$b aoddma X{a amV Cg g_` nJaVma H$a nb`m O] d{ bXZ H${ nb`{ CSmZ ^aZ{dmb{ W{&
]Xbm[wa nhgm H{$ ngbogb{ _| _| 40 nJaVma
_hmam _| _w]B H${ [mg RmU{ nOb{ H${ ]Xbm[wa _| H$b aoddma amV Xm{ g_wXm`m{ H${ ]sM hw`s nhgm H${ ngbngb{ _| [wnbg Z{ AmO gm{_dma H$m{ 40 bm{Jm{ H$m{ nJaVma nH$`m h&
H|$r` _o_S>b H$s AmO H$s ]R>H$ WoJV
YmZ_s AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s H$s Vn]`V RsH$ Zhs hm{Z{ H${ H$maU _n_Sb H$s AmO hm{Z{ dmbs ]RH$ WnJV H$a Xs JB h&
goMZ,ghdmJ H$s VwbZm H$o[b H$m{ Zht OMVr
"gXr H{$ gdl{> nH$H${Qa' H$n[b X{d Z{ H$hm h nH$ gnMZ V|XwbH$a H$s nH$gs g{ VwbZm Zht H$s Om gH$Vs Ama dh A] ^s ndd H$m gdl{ ]b{]mO h &
C..-]mJr odYm`H$m| H$s "^mO[m ]MmAm{' go_oV
CVa X{e _| AgVw ^mO[m ndYm`H$m{ Z{ A[Z{ AnYH$mam{ H${ nZn_V EH$ \$m{a_ -"^mO[m ]MmAm{ gn_nV' - H$m JRZ nH$`m h &
_w]B-R>mU{ H{$ [mg gmXmo`H$ qhgm
_hmam _| RmU{ nOb{ H${ ]Xbm[wa Jmd _| [wnbg Z{ nWnV [a H$m]y [m nb`m h b{nH$Z `hm A^s VZmd ]Zm hwAm h&
MB Q>{Q> OrV ^maV Z{ OrVr lIbm
^maV Z{ aoddma H$m{ M{B _| d{Q BSsO g{ Xygam nH$H${Q Q{Q _M AmR ndH${Q g{ OsVH$a VsZ Q{Qm{ H$s lIbm _| 2-0 H$s ]TV ]ZmV{ hE lIbm OrV bs h &