OyZ 10-11

_Zm{O à^mH$a H{$ PyR> [a PyR>!
aroS>\$.H$m°_ Ûmam Hw$_m`y§ Am¡a hbÛmZr j{Ì _| H$s J`r Om§M [S>Vmb g{ [Vm Mbm h¡ oH$ "A[{g' g{ g§]§Y H{$ _m_b{ _| à^mH$a PyR> ]m{b ahm h¡$&

Jm{aI[wa _| Q­>H$-Or[ o^S>§V, 11 _a{
CÎma àX{e _| Jm{aI[wa oOb{ H{$ OJXre[wa Jm§d H{$ [mg AmO VS>H{$ EH$ Or[ Am¡a Q­>H$ H$s o^S>§V _| 11 bm{Jm| H$s _¥Ë`w hm{ JB© Ed§ VrZ Km`b hm{ J`{$&

Ogd§V qgh H$s lrb§H$m `mÌm g{ ^«_ Xya hm|J{
odX{e _§Ìr Ogd§V qgh aoddma g{ lrb§H$m `mÌm ewê$ H$a ah{ h¢ &

OZg§»`m ]¥oÕ am{H$Z{ C.à. _| ZB© ZroV
CÎma [«X{e gaH$ma Z{ amÁ` _{§ OZg§»`m ]¥oÕ am{H$Z{ EH$ ZB© ZroV ]ZmB© h¡ [a dV©_mZ _| hm{ ah{ [§Mm`V MwZmd H{$ H$maU Bg{ bmJy Zhr§ oH$`m Om [m ahm h¡$&

_amR>r gmohË`H$ma [w.b. X{e[m§S>{ ]r_ma
_amR>r H{$ dnað> gmohË`H$ma [w.b. X{e[m§S>{ J§^ra ê$[ g{ ]r_ma hm{ JE h¢ ,CÝh| [wU{ H{$ à`mJ Añ[Vmb _| ^Vu H$am`m J`m h¡ $&

MwZmd [naUm_ H{$ gmb ^a ]mX [wZ©_VJUZm
Z{[mb H{$ g§gXr` BoVhmg _| [hbr ]ma EH$ oddmXmñ[X MwZmd _| Ý`m`mb` Z{ Xm{]mam dm{Q>m| H$s oJZVr H$m AmX{e oX`m h¡$&

"lrb§H$m g{ em§oV g{Zm H$s dm[gr ^maV H$s ^yb Wr'
[yd© odX{e goMd O{. EZ. XrojV Z{ H$hm h¡ oH$ 1990 _| ^maVr` g{Zm H$m{ lrb§H$m g{ dm[g ]wbmZm ^mar ^yb Wr

ohÝXr H$WmH$ma ^rî_ gmhZr H$m{ ebmH$m gå_mZ
ohÝXr H{$ dnaîR> H$WmH$ma ^rî_ gmhZr H$m{ AmO nhÝXr AH$mX_r oXëbr H{$ ebmH$m gå_mZ g{ od^yofV oH$`m J`m$&

KB© H$s hË`m H$s gmoOe _| emo_b Wm AmB© Eg EO|Q>
CÎma àX{e [wobg Ûmam oJaâVma g§oX½Y AmB©. Eg. AmB©. EO|Q> Z{ H$]yb oH$`m oH$ à_wI ohÝXr o\$ë_ oZ_m©Vm gw^mf KB© H$s hË`m H{$ obE _wå]B© _| aMr J`r gmoOe _| dh grY{ Vm¡a [a emo_b Wm$&

OyZ 9

_¡M o\$p·g¨¨J -$oH$eZ Hw$_ma, H$mbam H$m{ O_mZV
_¡M o\$p·g¨J _m_b{ _| Amam{[r Ao^Z{Vm oH$eZ Hw$_ma d gÅ>{]mO amO{e H$mbam H$m{ oX„r Cƒ Ý`m`mb` Z{ O_mZV [a nahm H$a oX`m h¡ &

·`m h¡ H$í_ra [a _Ü`ñWVm H$m ahñ` ?
dmqeJQ>Z Am¡a ZB© oXëbr H{$ ]ma-]ma I§S>Z H{$ ]mdOyX `h gM h¡ oH$ A_arH$m _| ah ah{ AZ{H$ H$í_rar, H$í_ra g§H$Q> H{$ g_mYmZ H{$ obE à`mgaV h¢$&

---> Zm_ ]VmZ{ g{ [hb{ Y_oH$`m§ o_bt - à^mH$a
^maV H{$ [yd© AmbamC§S>a _Zm{O à^mH$a H{$ AZwgma _¡M o\$p·g¨J H{$ _m_b{ _| H$o[b X{d H$m Zm_ b{Z{ g{ [hb{ Cg{ H$B© ]ma Y_oH$`m§ o_bt$&

\«|$M Am{[Z - qhoJg H$m{ ham o[`g© \$mBZb _|
_{ar o[`g© Z{ erf© dar`Vm àmá Am¡a A[Zr `wJb Om{S>rXma odíd H$s Z§]a EH$ oIbmS>r _moQ>©Zm qhoJg H$m{ hamH$a Xygar ]ma \«|$M Am{[Z \$mBZb _| àd{e H$a ob`m$&

H$Zm©Q>H$ _| H$m§J«{g Z{ OrV{ oObm [§Mm`V MwZmd
H$Zm©Q>H$ _| Km{ofV g^r Zm¡ oObm [§Mm`Vm| H{$ MwZmd [naUm_ gÎmmê$T> H$m§J«{g H{$ [j _| J`{ h¢$&

_¡M o\$o·g§J- H$_bZmW, A§Oy g{ ^r hm{Jr [yN>VmN>
gr]rAmB© gyÌm| Z{ AmO ]Vm`m oH$ à^mH$a H$s droS>`m{ Q>{[ X{IZ{ H{$ ]mX CgZ{ Hw$N> Am¡a _hËd[yU© bm{Jm| g{ [yN>VmN> H$m oZU©` ob`m h¡ &

[a_mUw _m_b{ _| h_ oH$gr g{ H$_ Zht - ^maV
^maV Z{ Bg na[m{Q>© H$m I§S>Z oH$`m h¡ oH$ CgH$m [a_mUw hoW`mam| H$m OIram [moH$ñVmZ H$s VwbZm _| _m_ybr h¡$&

_¡M o\$p·g¨J- I{b _§Ìr g{ ^r ]mV H$a{Jr gr]rAmB©
_¡M o\$o·g§J H{$ _m_b{ H$s Om§M H$a ahr gr]rAmB© H|$Ðr` I{b _§Ìr gwIX{d qgh T>rT>gm g{ ^r à^mH$a H$s droS>`m{ naH$moS>ªJ H$s [woîQ> H{$ obE ]mVMrV H$a gH$Vr h¢$&

H$í_ra _| 6 CJ«dmXr _ma{ JE
Oå_y H$í_ra _| gwajm]bm| Z{ H$b em_ H$m{ N>h CJ«dmoX`m| H$m{ _ma oJam`m VWm [m§M AÝ` H$m{ oJaâVma H$a ob`m $& _ma{ J`{ CJ«dmoX`m| _| Xm{ ñd`§^y H$_m§S>a ^r emo_b h¢$&

o\$Or H{$ YZHw$]{a oZH$mb|J{ g§H$Q> H$m hb!
o\$Or H{$ Hw$N> gå[ÝZ Ed§ à^mdembr ì`p·V X{e H$m{ amOZroVH$ g§H$Q> g{ C]maZ{ H{$ CÔ{í` g{ AmO odÐm{oh`m| Am¡a g¡Ý` Z{VmAm| g{ ^|Q> H$a|J{$&

gm{bm{_Z Ûr[ _| `wÕ odam_
gm{bm{_Z Ûr[ g_yh _| `wÕaV Xm{ odam{Yr JwQ> AmO `wÕ odam_ H{$ obE H{$ obE gh_V hm{ JE h¢ $&

_hËd[yU© g§ñWmZm| h{Vw ode{f gmB]a gwajm
gyMZm àm¡Úm{oJH$s _§Ìr à_m{X _hmOZ H$hm h¡ oH$ ]¢qH$J, a{bd{ ,hdmB© `mÌm O¡g{ _hËd[yU© àoVîR>mZm| H$s H$åß`yQ>a àUmob`m| H$s gm`]a h_bm| g{ gwajm H{$ [w»Vm B§VOm_ oH$E Om ah{ h¢ $&

g^r amÁ`m| H{$ obE hm|J{ EH$ g{ [nadhZ H$mZyZ
H|$Ðr` ^yVb [nadhZ _§Ìr amOZmW qgh Z{ H$hm h¡ oH$ erK« hr X{e H{$ g^r amÁ`m| H{$ obE EH$ g{ [nadhZ H$mZyZ ]ZmE OmE§J{ $&

lrb§H$m _| gÎmm H$m odH«{$ÝÐrH$aU Oê$ar - dmO[{`r
[«YmZ_§Ìr AQ>b o]hmar dmO[{`r Z{ H$hm h¡ oH$ lrb§H$m g_ñ`m H$m hb bS>mB© g{ Zhr daZ gÎmm H{$ odH{$ÝÐrH$aU g{ hr oZH$b gH$Vm h¡ &

bmby$,am]S>r H{$ oIbm\$ Amam{[ oZYm©naV
o]hma H$s _w»`_§Ìr am]S>r X{dr Am¡a CZH{$ [oV bmby àgmX `mXd H{$ oIbm\$ Am` g{ AoYH$ g§[oÎm AoO©V H$aZ{ H{$ _m_b{ _| AmO gr]rAmB© H$s ode{f AXmbV Z{ Amam{[ oZYm©naV H$a nXE$&

OyZ 8

h_ ghr, [a H|$Ð H$s ]mV _mZ|J{- dmBH$m{ àX{e
_mê$_bmMr ÐodS>- _wZ{Ì H$fJ_ (E_S>rE_H{$) H{$ _hmgoMd dmBH$m{ Z{ AmO H$hm oH$ amOJ H{$ KQ>H$ ode{f H{$ ZmV{ Vo_bZmSw> H{$ Xb lrb§H$m H{$ _wÔ{ [a H{$ÝÐ gaH$ma H{$ oZU©` H$m [mbZ H$a{§J{$&

Am§Y« àX{e H{$ 2 MMm~ _| EH$ gmW odñ\$m{Q>
Am§Y« àX{e H{$ Xm{ eham| _§{ EH$ gmW AmO gw]h Xm{ MMm~ _| odñ\$m{Q> hþAm,nOgg{ `hm§ VZmd \¡$b J`m h¡$& odñ\$m{Q>m| _| oH$gr H{$ hVmhV hm{Z{ H$s I]a Zht h¡$&

[m§gHw$am OrVH$a V¥U_yb Z{ dm_ _m{Mm© H$m XwJ© T>hm`m
V¥U_yb H$m§J«{g H{$ Cå_rXdma odH«$_ gaH$ma [píM_ ]§Jmb H$s [m§gHw$am grQ> [a A[Z{ oZH$Q>V_ àoVÛ§Ûr dm_ _m{Mm© H{$ JwéXmg JwßV (^mH$[m) H$m{ 41 hOma g{ AoYH$$ _Vm| g{ hamH$a C[MwZmd OrV JE h¢$&

[mgdmZ A] oZOr j{Ì _| AmajU MmhV{ h¢
g§Mma _§Ìr Am¡a XobV g{Zm H{$ AÜ`j am_ odbmg [mgdmZ Z{ Ý`m`[mobH$m Am¡a oZOr j{Ì _| AmajU bmJy H$aZ{ VWm Hßå`yQ>a H{$ j{Ì _| XobVm| H$s ohñg{Xmar ]T>mZ{ H$s _m§J H$r h¡ $&

---> o\$Or emgZ Z{ ñ[rQ> g_W©H$m| H$s ImÚ Am[yoV© am{H$s
o\$Or H{$ g¡oZH$ emgH$m| Z{ àYmZ_§Ìr _h{ÝÐ Mm¡Yar H$m{ A[XñW H$aH{$ CÝh{§ ]§YH$ ]ZmZ{ dmb{ OmO© ñ[rQ> Am¡a CZH{$ gmoW`m| H$m{ H$m]y _| bmZ{ H{$ obE CZH$s agX am{H$Z{ H$s H$m{oee| ewê$ H$a Xr h¡§$&

JwOamV H{$ oZH$Q> g_wÐ _| 5 `wdH$ Sy>]{
JwOamV H{$ Zdgmar oOb{ H{$ _ehÿa Xm§S>r Jm§d _| ]wYdma H$m{{$ EH$ XX©ZmH$ hmXg{ _| Aa] gmJa _| ñZmZ H$aZ{ JE [m§M oH$em{am| H$s g_wÐ _| CR>Vr bham| H$s M[{Q> _| Am OmZ{ g{ _m¡V hm{ JB©$&

o]hma _| amÁ`[mb- am]S>r gaH$ma _| o\$a R>Zr
amîQ­>r` OZVm Xb Ûmam o]hma H{$ amÁ`[mb odZm{X MÝÐ [mÊS>{ H$m{ "Z_yZm' Am¡a "AOm`]Ka _| aIZ{' H$s ]mV H$hZ{ [a o]hma H$s am]S>r gaH$ma Am¡a amO^dZ _| Q>H$amd ]T> J`m h¡$&

"A[{g ' g{ H$m{B© b{Zm-X{Zm Zht- à^mH$a
[yd© ^maVr` oH«$H{$Q>a Am¡a EH$ H$mñ_{oQ>H$ \$_© H{$ _mobH$ _Zm{O à^mH$a Z{ A[{g J«w[ Am\$ H$å[ZrO `m CgH{$ Ûmam OZVm H{$ gmW H$s JB© Ym{ImYS>r _| A[Zr g§obßVVm g{ AmO ñ[ï> BZH$ma oH$`m h¡$&

à^mH$a H$s droS`m{ naH$m°oS>ªJ gr]rAmB© Z{ Om§Mr
gr]rAmB© Z{ _¡M o\$p·g¨J Am¡a gQ²Q>{]mOr H{$ ]ma{ _{| _Zm{O à^mH$a Ûmam ^maV H{$ Mm{Q>r H{$ oH«$H{$Q>am| Am¡a oH«$H{$Q> àemgH$m| H$s JwßV ê$[ g{ Q>{[ H$s JB© ]mVMrV H$s droS>`m{ naH$moS>ªJ H$s Om§M [yar H$a br h¡$&

49 [moH$ñVmoZ`m{§ H$m{ ^maVr` ZmJnaH$Vm
1965 _| ^maV-[mH$ `wÕ H{$ Xm¡amZ eaUmWu H{$ ê$[ _| AmH$a amOñWmZ H{$ O¡gb_{a _| ]g OmZ{ dmb{ 49 [moH$ñVmoZ`m| H$m{ ^maVr` ZmJnaH$Vm àXmZ H$aZ{ H$m oZU©` ob`m J`m h¡$&

AXmbV Z{ _mBH«$m{g°mâQ> H$m{ Xm{ ^mJm| _| ]m§Q>m
H§$ß`yQ>a H$r XwoZ`m H{$ ]{VmO ]mXemh o]b J{Q²g H$m{ H$b Cg g_` VJS>m PQ>H$m bJm O] EH$ A_arH$s AXmbV Z{ CZH$s _mBH«$m{gm°âQ> H$ma[m{a{eZ H§$[Zr H$m{ Xm{ ^mJm| _| ]m§Q>Z{ H$m \¡$gbm gwZm oX`m$&

[moH$ñVmZ H$m [hbr ]ma Eoe`m H$[ [a H$ãOm
[moH$ñVmZ Z{ T>mH$m _| Mm¡Va\$m ]oT>`m I{b oXImV{ hþE lrb§H$m H$m{ `hm§ H{$ IMmIM ^a{ ]§J]§Yw ñQ>{oS>`_ _| 39 aZ g{ hamH$a [hbr ]ma Eoe`m H$[ oH«$H{$Q> Qy>Zm©_|Q> H$m oIVm] OrV ob`m$&

Om[mZ _| ^yH§$[ H{$ >P>Q>H{$
Om[mZ H{$ `yey Ûr[ _| AmO gw]h ^yH§$[ H{$ PQ>H{$ _hgyg oH$E JE$& ñWmZr` _m¡g_ od^mJ H{$ AZwgma ^yH§$[ H$m H{$ÝÐ Q>m{oH$`m{ g{ 690 oH$bm{_rQ>a XojU- [píM_ _| H§$J{og_m _| Wm$&

lrb§H$m odñ\$m{Q> -4 oJaâVma
H$m{b§]m{ [wobg Z{ AmO obÅ>{ H{$ EH$ AmË_KmVr h_bmda Ûmam ]_ odñ\$m{Q> _| lrb§H$m H{$ CÚm{J odH$mg _§Ìr gr dr JwUmaVZ{ H$s hË`m H{$ ogbogb{ _| 4 ì`oº$`m| H$m{ oJaâVma oH$`m h¡$&

OyZ 7

Ad¡Y oZ_m©U Vm{S>Z{ g{ _w§]B© {_| VZmd, 1 _am
_w§]B© H{$ [píM_r C[ZJa _mbdUr _| EH$ H$o]«ñVmZ _| AZoYH¥$V oZ_m©U H$m{ Vm{S>Z{ H$m odam{Y H$a ahr ^rS> [a [wobg Z{ AmO Jm{br MbmB©$& Bg KQ>Zm _| 1 ì`p·V H$s _¥Ë`w hm{ JB© $&

H$m{b§]m{ _| AmË_KmVr ]_-odñ\$m{Q> _| _§Ìr H$s _m¡V
lrb§H$m H$s amOYmZr H$m{b§]m{ H{$ oZH$Q> aË_mb{Z _| AmO hwE EH$ AmË_KmVr ]_ odñ\$m{Q> _| CÚm{J odH$mg _§Ìr gr dr JwUaËZ{ gohV 13 ì`oº$ _ma{ JE$&

o\$Or _| ñ[{Q> H{$ gmWr Cgg{ AbJ hþE
o\$Or g§H$Q> JhamVm Om ahm h¡, ]§YH$m| H$m{ N>m{S>Z{ H{$ _m_b{ [a dhm§ H$m odÐm{hr Z{Vm OmO© ñ[{Q Ohm§> H$S>m éI A[Zm ahm h¡, dht CgH{$ Hw$N> gmWr Cgg{ AbJ hm{ JE h¢$&

[moH$ñVmZr ode{f AXmbV Ûmam 118 H$m{ gOm-E-_m¡V
[moH$ñVmZ _| H$amMr _| EH$ df© [yd© JoR>V AmV§H$dmX oZam{YH$ AXmbV Z{ amOZroVH$ hË`m, ]bmËH$ma Ed§ S>H¡$Vr H{$ _m_bm| _| 118 bm{Jm| H$s _m¡V H$s gOm Xr h¡$&

H$o[b H$a|J 10 H$am{S> H$s _mZhmoZ H$m Xmdm
^maVr` oH«$H{$Q> Q>r_ H{$ [yd© H$ámZ H$o[bX{d A_arH$s Q>{brodOZ Ý`yO M¡Zb "grEZEZ' VWm AmB©.Eg. q]Ðm H{$ oIbm\$ AJb{ _hrZ{ Xg H$am{S> é[`{ H$m _mZhmoZ H$m _wH$X_m Xm`a H$a|J{ $&

ode{f

H$aoJb l¥§Ibm H$aoJb g§Kf© H$m{ EH$ gmb hm{ MwH$m h¡$& ·`m g]H$ grIm Bgg{ h_Z{? ·`m h¢ hmbmV dhm§ A]? aroS>\$.H$m°_ H$r ode{f na[m{Q>© H$aoJb H{$ ]Xb{ hmbmV [a$&

OJÝZmW o_lm H$m gr]rAmB© AXmbV _| AmË_g_[©U
o]hma H{$ [yd© _w»`_§Ìr Am¡a Mmam Km{Q>mb{ H{$ Ao^`w·V S>m°. OJÝZmW o_l Z{ AmO H{$ÝÐr` Om§M ã`yam{ H$s ode{f AXmbV _| AmË_g_[©U H$a oX`m$&

S>m{S>m _| ]g XwK©Q>Zm, 30 _a{
Oå_y-H$í_ra H{$ S>m{S>m oOb{ _| hþB© ]g XwK©Q>Zm _| _aZ{ dmbm| H$s g§»`m ]T>H$a 30 hm{ JB©$h¡ & H$b hþB© Bg XwK©Q>Zm _{§ 3 ì`oº$`m| H$s KQ>ZmñWb [a hr _m¡V hm{ JB© Wr$&

B§S>m{Z{oe`m _| gm§àXmo`H$ qhgm _| 50 _a{
B§S>m{Z{oe`m H{$ gwbmd{gr àm§V _| AmO ^S>H$s gm§àXmo`H$ qhgm _| 50 bm{J _ma{ J`{ h¢$& Bg àm§V _| Xm{ gámh [hb{ ewê$ hþB© gm§àXmo`H$ qhgm _| A] VH$ 162 bm{J _ma{ Om MwH{$ h¢$&

lrb§H$m _| N>m[m_mam| H{$ Z{Vm gohV 13 _ma{ JE
lrb§H$mB© g{Zm Ûmam obÅ>{ H{$ ]§H$a [a AmO VS>H{$ oH$E JE ^rfU h_b{ _| N>m[m_mam| H{$ EH$ [«_wI Z{Vm gohV H$_ g{ H$_ 13 obÅ>{ g¡oZH$ _ma{ JE$&

C.à._| Zmd Sy>]r,13 _a{
CÎma àX{e H{$ ]m§Xm oOb{ _| oM„r Jm§d H{$ oZH$Q> `_wZm ZXr _| EH$ Zmd [bQ> OmZ{ g{ H$_ g{ H$_ 13 bm{Jm| H$s _m¡V hm{ JB©$&2bm{Jm| Z{ V¡aH$a A[Zr OmZ ]Mm br$&

OyZ 6

Eoe`m H$[ \$mBZb H$b
[hb{ Eoe`m H$[ oIVm] H$m{ [mZ{ H$s hm{S> _| Vbme _| [moH$ñVmZ H$b `hm§ ]§J]§Yw ñQ>{oS>`_ _| lrb§H$m H{$ oIbm\$ gmVd| Eoe`m H$[ oH«$H{$Q> Qy>Zm©_|Q> H{$ \$mBZb _| à]b Xmd{Xma H{$ ê$[ _| CVa{Jm$&

lrb§H$m, o\$Or _m_b{ _| gaH$ma CXmgrZ- H$m§J«{g
H$m§J«{g Z{ AmO lrb§H$m _gb{ [a amOJ H$s gh`m{oJ`m| Ð_wH$ d E_ S>r E_ H{$ Z{VmAm| H{$ ]`mZm| [a gaH$ma g{ g\$mB© _m§Jr, Am¡a o\$Or _m_b{ _| gaH$ma Ûmam erK« hñVj{[ H$aZ{ H$s dH$mbV H$s$&

A[Z{ [¥WH$ B©b_ _m°S>b [a AoS>J hÿ§- H$éUmoZoY
Vo_bZmSw> H{$ _w»`_§Ìr E_. H$éUmoZoY Z{ AmO o\$a H$hm oH$ lrb§H$m gaH$ma H$m{ `m Vm{ A[Z{ `hm§ H{$ Vo_bm| H$m{ Am¡a AoYH$ma X{Z{ MmohE `m o\$a g_ñ`m H$m hmb M{H$ _mS>b H{$ AmYma [a H$aZm Mmoh`{$&

à^mH$a H$m{ O{b o^OdmZ{ bm`H$ g]yV h¢ [wobg H{$ [mg
Z¡ZrVmb H{$ [wobg AYrjH$ AoIb{e _{ham{Ìm Z{ AmO ñ[îQ> H$hm oH$ _Zm{O à^mH$a Hw$N> ^r g\$mB© X|, CZH{$ [mg E{g{ g]yV h¢, Om{ CÝh| O{b [hþ§MmZ{ h{Vw H$m\$s h¢$&

H$m{gm{dm{ _m_b{ _| A_arH$m Z{ JbVr H$s Wr- p·b¨Q>Z
A_arH$s amîQ­>[oV o]b p·b¨Q>Z Z{ AmO _mñH$m{ _{§ ê$g H{$ gmW hþB© ]mVMrV _| ñdrH$mam oH$ A_arH$m Z{ `yJm{ñbmod`m H{$ H$m{gm{dm{ àmÝV H{$ g§X^© _| JbVr H$s Wr$&

g¡H$S>m| gQ²>Q>{]mOm| [a gr]rAmB© H$s ZOa
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