AãXw„m hþna©`V g{ ]mV H$aZ{ H$m{ V¡`ma
H$í_ra _| em§oV à`mg H{$ obE ]ZmB© J`r H$í_ra go_oV H$m{ AmO Cg g_` ]S>r g\$bVm o_br O] Oå_y-H$í_ra H{$ _w»`_§Ìr \$mê$H$ AãXw„m Z{ go_oV H{$ AÜ`j am_ O{R>_bmZr H$m{ AmídmgZ oX`m oH$ d{ Am°b [mQ>u hþna©`V H$m§\«|$g g{ o]Zm [yd© eV© ]mV H$aZ{ H$m{ V¡`ma h¢$&
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ H$í_ra _| V]mXb{ am{H{$
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ Oå_y H$í_sa _| AmJm_s ndYmZg^m MwZmd g{ [yd© amÁ` gaH$ma Ûmam ]S{ [¡_mZ{ [a nH$`{ J`{ V]mXbm{§ [a Jhas ZmamOJs ì`ËËH$ H$aV{ hwE Bg AmX{e H${ nH«$`mÝdZ [a Vwa§V am{H$ bJm`{ OmZ{ H${ AmX{e nX`{ h¡&
Z{[mb _| ^maVs` amOXyV H$m nZYZ
Z{[mb _| ^maV H${ amOXyV Sm. BÝXw àH$me ng§h H$m Os^ _| H$¢ga H$s bå]s ]s_mas H${ ]mX AmO eoZdma gw]h b§XZ _| nZYZ hm{ J`m &
JwOamV _{§ ^mO[m H$m MwZmd àMma OëX hr
^maVs` OZVm [mQu H${ JwOamV à^mas am_Xmg A½m«dmb Z{ MwZmd Am`m{J Ûmam JwOamV _{ OëXs MwZmd H$amZ{ g{ B§H$ma H$aZ{ [a Amü`© ì`ËËH$ H$aV{ hw`{ H$hm nH$ MwZmd H$^s ^s hm{ ^mO[m A[Zm àMma An^`mZ OëXs ewé H$a{Js&
oedmZr H$m§S> [a BñVr\$m Zht Xy§Jm-_hmOZ
H${ÝÐs` g§gXs` H$m`© _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ Z{ nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S H$m{ b{H$a nd[j H$s CZH${ BñVs\${ H$s _m§J RwH$am Xs &
\$ZmªS>rg H$m{ g_Vm [mQ>u H$m AÜ`j ]ZmZ{ H$s V¡`mar
g_Vm [mQu H${ AÜ`j ds-ds- H$¥îUmamd Z{ H$b ajm _§Ìs OmO© \$Zm©§Ssg g{ "[mQu H${ Am§VnaH$ KQZmH«$_' H${ _Ô{ZOa [mQu H$m Z{V¥Ëd g§^mbZ{ H$s A[sb H$s&
ZmBOsna`m _| Xs_H$m{§ Z{ _VXmZ anOñQa Im S>mbm
ZmBOsna`m _ | Xs_H$m{§ H$s Iwam\$mV H${ H$maU AmJm_s MwZmd IQmB© _| [S JE h¢ & `{ Xs_H$ _VXmVmAm{§ H${ anOñQa hs MQ H$a JE h¢ nOgH${ H$maU MwZmd H$amZm _wníH$b hm{ J`m h¡ &
[mH MwZmd-[Mm© XmoIbm 19 AJñV g{ ewê$
[mnH$ñVmZ H${ MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ X{e _| 10 A”Qy]a g{ hm{Z{ dmb{ Am_ MwZmd H${ H$m`©H«$_ H$s Km{fUm H$a Xs &
[mnH$ñVmZ- EH$ OwQ> hm{ aht h¢ odam{Yr [mnQ©`m§
[mnH$ñVmZ _| Am_ MwZmd H$as] AmZ{ H${ gmW hs H$b VH$ EH$ Xyga{ H${ ànVÛ§Xr ah{ amOZsnVH$ Xbm{§ gsQm{§ H${ Vmb_{b H${ nbE ]mVMsV H${ Xm¡a Mb ah{ h¢ &
o]«Q>{Z _| 2 ogI AmV§H$dmoX`m| H$m{ gOm
nãm«Q{Z _| H$|Q H$s EH$ AXmbV Z{ O_©Zs H${ ànV]§nYV B§QaZ{eZb ngI `yW \${Sa{eZ H${ Xm{ gXñ`m{§ H$m{ A[Z{ X{e _| [hbs ]ma AmV§H$dmX nZam{YH$ H$mZyZ H${ VhV 30 _mh H$s O{b H$s gOm gwZm`s h¡ &

AJñV 16

dmO[{`r Z{ _hmOZ g{ H$hm "qMVm _V H$am{'
g§gXs` H$m`© _§§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ Z{ ]Vm`m oH$ [ÌH$ma nímdmZs ^QZm½ma H$s hË`m H${ Amam{[s hna`mUm H${ [wnbg _hmnZasjH$ Ama H${ e_m© H$s [ËZr _Yw e_m© H${ Amam{[m{§ H${ ]mX àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ CÝh| \$m{Z H$a H$hm "nM§Vm _V H$am{ &'
e_m© [nadma ^r A[Zr "]mV' [a H$m`_
[wobg AoYH$mar Ama H{$ e_m© H$s [ËZr d ]{oQ>`m| Z{ g§gXr` H$m`© _§Ìr à_m{X _hmOZ H{$ oedmZr ^Q>ZmJa hË`mH$m§S> _| emo_b hm{Z{ H{$ Amam{[ [a T>¥T> ahV{ hþE oX„r [wnbg VWm C[ àYmZ_§Ìr AmS>dmUr H$s g\$mB© [a ^r gdmb CR>m`{ h¢$&
JwOamV _| H$mZyZ-ì`dñWm "gm_mÝ`' Zht -MwZmd Am`m{J
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ JwOamV gaH$ma H$s amÁ` _| OëX Z`{ ndYmZg^m MwZmd H$am`{ OmZ{ H$s _m§J ImnaO H$a Xr h¡ Am¡a Bg _m_b{ [a Zd§]a-oXg§]a [a o\$a g{ odMma H$aZ{ H$m oZU©` ob`m h¡ &
_hmOZ H$m{ oX„r [wobg Z{ ·brZ oMQ> Xr
nXëbs [wnbg Z{ [ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S _| nH$gs amOZ{Vm H$m hmW hm{Z{ g{ B§H$ma nH$`m h¡ Am¡a H$hm nH$ Bg g§]§Y _| H${ÝÐs` _§Ìs g{ [yNVmN H$aZ{ H$m H$m{B© BamXm Zht h¡ &
dm`wg{Zm H$m od_mZ XwK©Q>ZmJ«ñV ,2 [m`bQ ehrX
Oå_y-H$í_sa _| ng`mnMZ ½b{ne`a H${ nZH$Q Wm{Eg{ E`a ]{g H${ [mg ewH«$dma H$m{ EH$ MsVm h{bsH$mßQa XwK©QZmJ«ñV hm{ OmZ{ g{ ^maVs` dm`wg{Zm H${ Xm{ [m`bQm{§ H$s _¥Ë`w hm{ JB© &
JwOamV _| VËH$mb MwZmd Zht
MwZmd Am`m{J Z{ EH$ _hËd[yU© KQZmH«$_ _| JwOamV H$s Za{ÝÐ _m{Xs gaH$ma Ûmam amÁ` _| OëX MwZmd H$amZ{ H$s _m§J ImnaO H$a Xs h¡ &
_Yw e_m© [a _mZhmoZ _wH$X_m 1-2 oXZ _|
H$|Ðs` g§gXs` H$m`© _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ MnM©V nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S H${ \$ama An^`wº$ Ama H${ e_m© H$s [ËZs _Yw e_m© H${ nIbm\$ EH$-Xm{ nXZ H${ ^sVa _mZhmnZ H$m \$m¡OXmas _wH$X_m Xm`a H$a|J{ &
amÁ` g^m AJb{ gÌ VH$ H{$ obE ñWoJV
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ ewH«$dma H$m{ amÁ`g^m H$m gÌmdgmZ H$a nX`m & amÁ` g^m H$s ]¡R>H$ A] A[Z{ erVH$mbrZ gÌ _| Xw]mam ewê$ hm{Jr $&
gaH$mar H§$[oZ`m§ Mbm`|Jt aÔ [{Q­>m{b [å[
gaH$ma Z{ OZdas 2000 H${ ]mX H${ aÔ [{Q­m{b [§[m{§ , J¡g EO|ng`m{§ Am¡a V{b nS[m{ AñWmB© Vm¡a [a gaH$mas H$§[nZ`m{§ Ûmam MbmE OmZ{ H$s AZw_nV Xs h¡ &
[m§M nH$bm{ dmbm agm{B© J¡g ngb¢Sa Omas
X{e H${ àË`{H$ H$m{Z{ Am¡a ha Ka _| agm{B© J¡g ngb|Sa H$s Am[ynV© gwnZnüV H$aZ{ H${ gaH$ma H${ à`mgm{§ H$m{ gmH$ma H$aV{ hwE V{b H$§[nZ`m{§ Z{ ewH«$dma H$m{ 5 nH$bm{ H$m Nm{Qm Eb[sOs ngb|Sa Omas nH$`m &
lrb§H$m-od_mZ XwK©Q>Zm _| 5 g¡Ý` AoYH$mar _¥V
lsb§H$m H${ ZJm{Sm _| ànejU CSmZ H${ Xm¡amZ XwK©QZm½m«ñV hwE dm`wg{Zm H${ nd_mZ _| gdma g^s [m§M g¡Ý` AnYH$mna`m{§ H${ _ma{ OmZ{ H$s [wnï hm{ JB© h¡ &
lr_Vr _Yw e_m© H{$ Ka gwajm ]T>mB© J`r
oedmZr ^Q>ZmJa hË`mH$m§S> H{$ \$amam _w»`, hna`mUm [wobg H{$ _hmoZarjH$ aodH$m§V e_m© H$s [ËZr _Yw e_m© Z{ Xmdm oH$`m h¡ oH$ CZH$s ajm H$m{ IVam h¡$&
oedmZr H$m§S>-oX„r [wobg H$s ode{f ]¡R>H$
nXëbs H$s [ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S _| H${ÝÐs` _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ [a Amam{[ bJm`{ OmZ{ H${ ]mX CË[Þ nñWnV [a ndMma-nd_e© H$aZ{ H${ nbE nXëbs [wnbg H${ Ambm AnYH$mna`m{§ Z{ ewH«$dma H$m{ EH$ ode{f ]¡RH$ H$s &
O{oZ\$a bm{[{O V{bwJy n\$ë_ _|
V{bwJy n\$ë_m{§ H${ Xe©H$ A] hmbsdwS H$s Iy]gyaV An^Z{Ìs O{nZ\$a bm{[{O H$s _mXH$ AXmAm{§ H$m{ A[Zs _mV¥^mfm o\$ë_ _| X{I gH$|J{ $&
Ama H{$ e_m© Cƒ Ý`m`mb` Om`|J{-dH$sb
hna`mUm _| [§MHw$bm Ed§ oX„r H$s EH$ AXmbV g{ AoJ«_ O_mZV Z [m gH$Z{ dmb{ [wobg AoYH$mar A] oX„r Cƒ Ý`m`mb` _| O_mZV AOu XmoIb H$aZ{ [a odMma H$a ah{ h¢$&
_Yw e_m© [a _hmOZ _mZhmoZ H$m Xmdm H$a|J{
g§gXs` H$m`© _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ [ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S H${ Amam{[r hna`mUm H${ [wnbg _hmnZasjH$ Ama H${ e_m© H$s [ËZs ls_Vs _Yw e_m© Ûmam CZH${ nIbm\$ bJmE JE Amam{[m{§ H$m{ b{H$a _mZhmnZ H$m Am[amnYH$ _m_bm Xm`a H$a|J{ &
_hmOZ [X N>m{S> X|-H$m§J«{g Z{Vm
bm{H$g^m _| H$m§J«{g [mQ>u H{$ _w»` gM{VH$ (Mr\$ oìh[) oà` a§OZ Xmg _w§er Z{ H$hm h¡ oH$ g§gXr` H$m`© _§Ìr à_m{X _hmOZ H$m{ oedmZr ^Q>ZmJa H$s hË`m _| emo_b hm{Z{ H$m Amam{[ bJZ{ H{$ ]mX A[Zm [X N>m{S> X{Zm MmohE$&
"hm°H$s H$m{ ^r oH«$H{$Q> ]Zm X|J|'
amï­H$wb I{bm{§ H$s hmH$s ñ[Ym© _| ñdU© [XH$ OsVZ{ dmbs ^maVs` _nhbm Qs_ H$s gXñ` g]m A§Ow_ H$s »dmohe h¡ oH$ hm°H$s ^r nH«$H${Q H$s hs Vah bm{H$nà` ]Z{ &
]m{S>© Z{ ^maVr` oH«$H{$Q> Q>r_ H$s Km{fUm am{H$s
^maVs` nH«$H${Q H$§Q­m{b ]m{S© (]sgsgsAmB©) Z{ M¡nå[`Ýg Q­m\$s H${ nbE Qs_ H$s Km{fUm n\$bhmb am{H$ Xs h¡&
Oå_y _| ]g XwK©QZm, 30 _a{ 35 Km`b
Oå_y H$í_sa _| [w§N g{"Qa H${ ]§Xs M{nM`mZ _| AmO ewH«$dma gw]h EH$ `mÌs ]g H${ Jha{ Zmb{ _| nJa OmZ{ g{ Vsg bm{J _ma{ JE Am¡a 35 Km`b hm{ JE nOZ_§{ g{ Q>2 H$s hmbV J§^sa h¡ &
AmS>dmUr Z{ _hmOZ [a Amam{[ H$s qZXm H$s
C[àYmZ_§Ìs bmbH$¥îU AmSdmUs Z{ [ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S _m_b{ _| g§Mma _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ H${ ndêX²Y MbmE Om ah{ An^`mZ H$s Vsìm« nZÝXm H$aV{ hwE Bg{ NmZ]sZ H$m{ JbV nXem X{Z{ H$m à`mg ]Vm`m h¡ &
EH$ Am¡a Vo_b Z{Vm "[m{Q>m' _| oJaâVma
Vn_bZmSw [wnbg Z{ ànV]§nYV g§JRZ Vn_b Z{eZnbñQ _yd_|Q (QsEZE_) H${ _hmgnMd gw]m dsam [m§nS`Z H$m{ nb]a{eZ QmBJg© Am\$ Vn_b B©b_(nbÅ{) H$m g_W©Z H$aZ{ H${ "[m{Qm' H${ VhV nJaâVma H$a nb`m &
à_m{X _hmOZ BñVr\$m Zht X|J{-^mO[m
^mO[m Z{ AmO ewH«$dma H$m{ Bg ]mV g{ gm\$ BZH$ma oH$`m oH$ [ÌH$ma oedmZr ^Q>ZmJa hË`mH$m§S> _| Zm_ KgrQ>{ OmZ{ H{$ ]mX g§gXr` H$m`©_§Ìr à_m{X _hmOZ A[Z{ [X g{ BñVr\$m X|J{$&
nedmZs hË`m _| à_m{X _hmOZ H$m hmW-_Yw e_m©
[ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S H${ _w»` Amam{[s andH$m§V e_m© H$s [ËZs _Yw e_m© Z{ Jwédma amV H$m{ EH$ gZgZsI{O ]`mZ _| Amam{[ bJm`m nH$ Bg hË`mH$m§S _| H$|Ðs` g§Mma _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ ^s emo_b h¢
_hmOZ Z{ _Yw e_m© H${ Amam{[m{§ H$m{ ]{]wnZ`mX ]Vm`m
H${ÝÐs` g§Mma Ed§ gyMZm àm¡Úm{nJH$s _§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ Z{ nedmZs ^Q>ZmJa hË`mH$m§S H${ An^`wËËH$ andH$m§V e_m© H$s [ËZs _Yw e_m© H${ Bg Amam{[ H$m{ [yas Vah ]{]wnZ`mX ]Vm`m h¡ nH$ hË`m§H$mS _| CZH$m hmW h¡&
^yn_ Am]§QZ Km{Q>mb{ g{ odH$mg _§Ìr H$m BZH$ma
H$|Ðs` ehas ndH$mg _§Ìs AZ§V H$w_ma Z{ g§K [nadma H${ g§JRZm{§ H$m{ amOYmZs _| _§hJ{ ^yI§S gñV{ Xm_m{§ [a C[bãY H$amZ{ H${ Amam{[m{§ [a AmO ewH«$dma H$m{ ànVnH«$`m ì`ËËH$ H$aV{ hwE gmd©OnZH$ ^yn_ H${ Amd§QZ _| nH$gs Vah H$s AnZ`n_VVm g{ B§H$ma nH$`m Am¡a H$hm nH$ Bg àn"a`m _| V` nZ`_m{§ H$m [mbZ nH$`m J`m h¡&

AJñV 15

"Ymo_©H$ [hZmdm ñHy$b _| Zht Mb{Jm'
o[N>b{ oXZm| _w§]B© CÀM Ý`m`mb` Z{ _w§]B© H$s NRs§ H$jm H$s EH$ _wnñb_ NmÌm H$s Cg `mnMH$m H$m{ ImnaO H$a nX`m nOg_| CgZ{ A§½m«{Os hmB©ñH$yb _| nga [a Am{TZs (ñH$m\$©) SmbH$a OmZ{ H$s AZw_nV _m§Js Ws &
"e{f A_{naH$s ^r [moH$ñVmZ N>m{S> X|'
A_{naH$m Z{ [mnH$ñVmZ _| ah ah{ A[Z{ ZmJnaH$m{§ H$m{ X{e Nm{SZ{ H$m Am½m«h nH$`m h¡ Am¡a [moH$ñVmZ H$s `mÌm Z H$aZ{ H$s EH$ ]ma n\$a gbmh Xs h¡ &
^mas dfm© H${ H$maU A_aZmW `mÌm am{H$s JB©
A_aZmW `mÌm H{$ _mJ© _| ]wYdma g{ hm{ ahr ^mas ]mnae Am¡a CgH{$ \$bñdê$[ OJh-OJh hþE ^yñIbZ H${ H$maU [ndÌ Jw\$m H$s `mÌm am{H$ Xs JB© h¡ &
PmaI§S>-ñHy$b Xrdma oJar,4 ]ƒm| H$s _m¡V
PmaI§S _| JTdm nOb{ H${ EH$ Jm§d H${ àmWn_H$ ndÚmb` _| Jwédma gw]h ñdV§ÌVm nXdg g_mam{h H${ Xm¡amZ Xsdma nJa OmZ{ g{ Mma ]ÀMm{§ H$s _m¡V hm{ JB© Am¡a H$B© AÝ` Km`b hm{ J`{ &
bJmVma 5 dt ]ma P§S>m \$ham`m dmO[{`r Z{
àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ Jwédma H$m{ ñdV§ÌVm nXdg [a bmb nH$b{ [a P§S>m \$hamH$a bJmVma [m§Mdt ]ma amï­ H$m{ g§]m{nYV nH$`m &
"_w§]B© Am¡a ]m{P ghZ Zht H$a gH$Vs'-X{e_wI
_hmamï­ H${ _w»`_§Ìs ndbmgamd X{e_wI Z{ AmO Jwédma H$m{ _w§]B© _| ñ[ï ê[ g{ H$h nX`m nH$ X{e H$s AmnW©H$ amOYmZs _w§]B© A] Am]mXs H$m Am¡a ]m{P ghZ H$aZ{ H$s nñWnV _| Zht h¡ Bgnb`{ `nX A] `hm§ Z`{ Pm{[S{ Smb H$a bm{J ahZ{ Am`{ Vm{ CZH$s I¡a Zht&
PmaI§S> _| a{b [a ]_ \|$H$m,15 Km`b
[ydu a{bd{ H{$ hmdS>m g§^mJ _| EH$ [¡g|Oa Q­>{Z [a AkmV bm{Jm| Ûmam \|$H{$ J`{ ]_ H{$ \$Q>Z{ g{ H$_ g{ 15 bm{J Km`b hm{ J`{ $& Ohm§ `h hmXgm hþAm ,dh ñWmZ PmaI§S> _| AmVm h¡ $&
N>ÎmrgJT> _| ^r ^S>H$s Wr 1857 H$s oM§Jmar
X{e _| A½m«|Om{ H${ nIbm\$ 1857 _| H«$mnÝV H$s aU^{as O] J§yOs Vm{ AmnXdmgs ]mhwb NËVsgJT AM§b ^s Cgg{ ANyVm Zhs ahm Am¡a dsa Zmam`U ng§h H${ Z{V¥Ëd _| bm{Jm{ Z{ ndÐm{h H$m PÝSm Wm_H$a A½m«{Os hwH$y_V H$m{ MwZm¡Vs Xs &
^«ï>mMma g{ oZ[Q>Z{ H$S>{ H$mZyZ ]Z|-e{ImdV
ZdnZdm©nMV C[amï­[nV ^¡am{ng§h ím{ImdV H$m _mZZm h¡ oH$ n_bmdQ Am¡a ^«ïmMma gnhV OZnhV g{ OwS{ _m_bm{§ _| ]Z{ H$mZyZm{§ H$s Imn_`m§ Xya H$aH{$ Am¡a H$R>m{a H$mZyZ ]Zm`{ OmZ{ MmohE $&
_.à.-emOm[wa _| AmJOZr H{$ ]mX H$â`y©
_Ü`àX{e H${ emOm[wa _| Jwédma gw]h EH$ ñH$ybs NmÌ H${ Q­H$ g{ H$wMb{ OmZ{ H${ ]mX nh§gm [a CVmê C½m« ^sS H$m{ nZ`§§nÌV H$aZ{ H${ nbE bmRsMmO© H${ ]mX H$â`y© bJm nX`m J`m &
"_¡§ ·`m Á`m{oVfr hÿ§'- gm{oZ`m Jm§Yr
Vo_bZmSy> _| Vo_b _moZbm H$m§J«{g H{$ H$m§J«{g _| odb` H{$ ]mX _Ü`mdoY MwZmd H{$ ]ma{ [yN>{ OmZ{ [a gm{oZ`m Jm§Yr H$m Odm] Wm- "_¡§ ·`m H$m{B© Á`m{oVfr hÿ§$&'
g_mam{h _| oXIr AZwemogV ñdV§ÌVm
AZwemgZ H${ H$S{ ]§YZ g{ ñdV§ÌVm _| H$_s Zht AmVs ]nëH$ Bg_| Mma Mm§X hs bJ OmV{ h¢ &
o]hma-Zmd [a AmE A[amYr, [wobgdmbm| H$m{ _ma S>mbm
n]hma H${ IJnS>`m nOb{ H${ gdm©nYH$ ]mT à^mndV ]{bXm¡a àI§S H$m`m©b` _| AmO Jwédma H$m{ ñdV§ÌVm nXdg H${ Adga [a ÜdOmam{hU H${ g_` geó A[amnY`m{ §Z{ A§YmYw§Y Jm{bs]mas H$aH${ EH$ [wnbgH$_u H$s hË`m H$a Xs VWm EH$ AÝ` H$m{ Km`b H$a nX`m&
H$í_ra _| MwZmd oZî[j hm|J{-dmO[{`r
àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ Oå_y-H$í_sa H${ MwZmd H$m{ Ym{Im ]VmZ{ H${ nbE [mnH$ñVmZ H$m{ AmS{ hmWm{§ b{V{ hwE amÁ` H${ bm{Jm{§ H$m{ ^am{gm nXbm`m nH$ MwZmd ñdV§Ì Ed§ nZî[j hm{§J{ &
gyI{ g{ oZ[Q>Z{ "àYmZ_§Ìr Ob g§dÕ©Z `m{OZm'
àYmZ_§Ìs AQb n]hmas dmO[{`s Z{ Km{fUm H$s nH$ OëXs hs "àYmZ_§Ìs J«m_sU Ob g§dY©Z `m{OZm' H${ Zm_ g{ EH$ Z`m H$m`©H«$_ ewê$ nH$`m Om`{Jm &

AJñV 14

C.à._| 3 AmB©EgAmB© EO{ÝQ nJaâVma
CËVa àX{e H${ am_[wa nOb{ H${ J§O WmZm j{Ì g{ àX{e H$s ñ[{eb QmñH$ \$m{ñm© (EgQsE\$) Z{ [mnH$ñVmZs Iwn\$`m EO|gs AmB©EgAmB© H${ VsZ EO{ÝQm{§ H$m{ nJaâVma oH$`m h¡ &
N>ÎmrgJT> _| [wobg Xb [a h_bm ZmH$m_
NËVsgJT H${ X§V{dmSm nOb{ H${ ^m{[mb[QZ_ WmZm j{Ì _| [s[wëgdma ½m«w[ H${ Z"gnb`m{§ Z{ ]wYdma H$m{ [wnbg H$n_©`m{§ H$m{ nZemZm ]ZmH$a ]_ ndñ\$m{Q nH$`m nOg_| [wnbg H${ OdmZ ]mb-]mb ]M J`{ &
"1983 H{$ ]mX H{$ g^r [{Q­>m{b [§[ aÔ hm{ gH$V{ h¢'
[{Q­m{{nb`_ _§Ìs am_ ZmB©H$ Z{ H$hm h¡ nH$ gaH$ma 110 amOJ gm§gXm{§ H$s A[sb [a 1983 H${ ]mX H${ g^s Amd§QZ aÔ H$aZ{ [a ndMma H$a ahm h¡ &
o\$ë_ "EH$ N>m{Q>r gr bd ñQ>m{ar' H{$ àXe©Z [a am{H$
n\$ë_ An^Z{Ìs _Zsfm H$m{Bambm H$s EH$ `mnMH$m [a _w§]B© CÀM Ý`m`mb` Z{ nZ_m©Vm nZX}eH$ H${ enebmb Zm`a H$s n\$ë_ " EH$ Nm{Qs gs bd ñQm{as' H${ àXe©Z [a n\$bhmb am{H$ bJm Xs h¡ &
Ah_Xm]mX _| o\$a ]_ odñ\$m{Q>
JwOamV _| Ah_Xm]mX H${ Xna`m[wa ]g ñQ¢S H${ [mg ]wYdma H$m{ ]_ ndñ\$m{Q hm{ J`m & Bg KQZm _| oH$gr H{$ Km`b hm{Z{ H$s I]a Zht h¡ &
amOZ{Vm dV©_mZ H{$ "AmXe©' ]Z|-amï­>[oV
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ ñdV§ÌVm nXdg H$s [yd© g§Ü`m [a amï­> H$m{ g§]m{oYV H$aV{ hþE amï­> H$s EH$Vm ,AI§S>Vm ]Zm`{ aIZ{ [a Om{a oX`m &
o]hma _| ]mT> H$s hmbV oXZm|oXZ J§^ra
n]hma _| n[Nb{ H$B© nXZm{§ g{ éH$-éH$ H$a hm{ ahs dfm© H${ H$maU amÁ` _| ]mT H$s nñWnV A^s ^s J§^sa ]Zs hw`s h¡ Am¡a Bgg{ _aZ{ dmbm{§ H$s g§»`m ]TH$a 279 hm{ J`s h¡ &
gy]{Xma gwnaÝXa ng§h H$m{ _aUm{[am§V"Aem{H$ MH«$'
Oå_y-H$í_sa _| AmV§H$dmnX`m{§ H$m _wH$m]bm H$aV{ hw`{ ehsX hw`{ 3-ngI a{Os_|Q H${ gy]{Xma gwnaÝXa ng§h H$m{ "Aem{H$ MH«$' àXmZ nH$`m J`m h¡ &
Ag_-Cë\$m H{$ Xm{ AmV§H$dmXs _ma{ JE
Ag_ H${ H$m_ê$[ nOb{ H${ hmOm{ g¡nH$`m _| ]wYdma H$m{ g{Zm H${ gmW hwB© ^sfU _wR^{S _| Cë\$m H${ Xm{ H$Åa AmV§H$dmXs _ma{ JE &
C.à.odYmZg^m _| _ma[rQ> hm{V{-hm{V{ ]Mr
CËVa àX{e ndYmZg^m _| ]wYdma H$m{ 1993 _| hwB© _ma[sQ H$s [wZamd¥nËV hm{V{-hm{V{ ]M JB© &
AmB©grgr H{$ Z`{ oZ`_ g{ oH«$H{$Q>a _wgr]V _|
^maVs` nH«$H${Qam{§ Ûmam A§Vaamï­>r` oH«$H{$Q> H$mC§ogb H${ Z`{ AZw]§Y [a hñVmja H$aZ{ _| AnZÀNm nXImZ{ g{ ^maVr` oH«$H{$Q> H§$Q­>m{b ]m{S>© lsb§H$m _| hm{Z{ dmb{ QyZm©_|Q h{Vw A^s VH$ ^maVr` Qs_ H$s Km{fUmm Zht H$a [m`m h¡ &
[wobg AoYH$mar Ama H{$ e_m© oZb§o]V hm|J{
hna`mUm gaH$ma Z{ [ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa hË`mH$m§S H${ \$ama An^`wº$ Ed§ amÁ` H${ [wnbg _hmnZasjH$ (O{b) andH$m§V e_m© H$m{ nZbnå]V H$aZ{ H$m \¡$gbm H$a ob`m h¡ &
_wea©\$ Z{ H$í_ra MwZmd H$m{ oXImdm ]Vm`m
[mnH$ñVmZ H${ amï­[nV OZab [ad{O _wíma©\$ Z{ A[Z{ X{e H{$ 56 d| ñdV§ÌVm oXdg [a o\$a ^maV H$s Am{a oZemZm gmYm$&
[mH$ _| 58 Xb MwZmd Zht bS> gH|$J{
[mnH$ñVmZ H${ nZdm©MZ Am`m{J Z{ 71 amOZsnVH$ Xbm{§ H$m{ 10 A"Qy]a H$m{ hm{Z{ dmb{ Am_ MwZmdm{§ _| ^mJ b{Z{ H${ `m{½` H$ama nX`m h¡ O]oH$ 58 Xbm| H$m{ Am_ MwZmd bS>Z{ H$s BOmOV Zht Xr h¡$&
[r[rEggr AÜ`j ogÕz Z{ BñVr\$m oX`m
[§Om] bm{H$g{dm Am`m{J H{$ oJaâVma AÜ`j aodÝXa [mb qgh ogÕz Z{ ]wYdma H$m{ A[Z{ [X g{ BñVr\$m X{ oX`m$&
_hmamï­>-]mnae H{$ ]mdOyX [mZr Q>¢H$am{§ g{
_hmamï­ gaH$ma Ûmam gyI{ hmbmV Km{nfV H$a nXE OmZ{ g{ amÁ` H${ bJ^J g^s ^mJm{§ _| n[Nb{ gámh ^mas ]mnae H${ ]mdOyX A^s VH$ Q¢H$am{§ g{ [mZs H$s Am[ynV© Omas h¡&
MsZ _| ]Zr S>m`qQ>J Jm{ob`m| g{ A_arH$m Z{ gmdYmZ oH$`m
A_asH$s ñdmñÏ` nd^mJ Z{ A[Z{ ZmJnaH$m{§ H$m{ M{VmdZs Xs h¡ nH$ d{ SmB©nQ§J H$aZ{ H${ nbE MsZ _| ]Zs Jm{nb`m{§ Am¡a H$¡ßgybm{§ H$m g{dZ Z H$a|&
h_| J|X]mOr gwYmaZr hm{Jr-Jm§Jwbr
^maV H${ H$ámZ gm¡a^ Jm§Jwbs Z{ A[Z{ J|X]mOm{§ H${ \$sH${ àXe©Z [a nM§Vm Omnha H$aZ{ H${ ]mdOyX Amem OVmB© h¡ nH$ CgH$s Qs_ B§½b¢S H${ nIbm\$ _m¡OyXm nH«$H${Q Q{ñQ l§Ibm H${ ]mH$s Xm{ _¡Mm{§ _| ]{hVa I{b{Js &
N>ÎmrgJT> _| ]Z{Jm 50 H$am{S> H$m "\y$S> [mH©$'
NËVsgJT> gaH$ma Z{ nZOs j{Ì H$s ]¢Jbm{a H$s EH$ H$_[Zs H${ gmW g`w§ËËH$ ^mJsXmas _| \$yS [mH$© H$s ñWm[Zm H$aZ{ H${ nb`{ AZw]ÝY (E_Am{`y)nH$`m h¡&
o]«Q>{Z _| \¡$b ahm h¡ Z`m am{J
nãm«Q{Z _| H$b _§Jbdma H$m{ EH$ _nhbm H$s KmVH$ am{J " b{JsAm{Þ{asO' g{ _¥Ë`w hm{Z{ H${ ]mX Bg am{J g{ _aZ{ dmbm{§ H$s g§»`m ]TH$a VsZ hm{ J`s h¡& `h am{J bJ^J Xm{ hâV{ [hb{ hs X{e _| \$¡bm h¡ Am¡a 125 bm{Jm{§ _| BgH$s [wnï hm{Z{ g{ BgH${ V{Os g{ \$¡bZ{ H$s Ame§H$m h¡&
X. A\«$sH$m g{ hma Z{ gm{V{ g{ OJm oX`m-dH$ma
[mnH$ñVmZs nH«$H${Q Qs_ H${ H$ámZ dH$ma `yZwg Z{ H$hm h¡ nH$ VsZ X{em{§ H$s _m{a¸$m{ H$[ nH«$H${Q ànV`m{nJVm H${ CÒmQZ _¡M _| XnjU A\«$sH$m H${ hmWm{§ 54 aZm{§ g{ n_bs hma Qs_ H$m{ gm{V{ g{ OJmZ{ dmbs h¡&
O]b[wa _| odoh[ H{$ 32 Z{Vm oJaâVma
ndíd nhÝXy [nafX H${ 32 Z{VmAm{§ H$s nJaâVmas g{ ndnh[ Ûmam AmO ]wYdma H$m{ O]b[wa _| Am`m{nOV nÌeyb Xsjm g_mam{h [a emgZ Am¡a àemgZ Ûmam bJmB© JB© ]§nXe H${ H$maU VZmd[yU© nñWnV [¡Xm hm{ JB© h¢&
bmb oH$b{ [a dmO[{`r H$s [mar 5dt ]ma
nXëbs H$m E{nVhmngH$ bmbnH$bm EH$ ]ma n\$a H$b Jwédma H$m{ ñdV§ÌVm nXdg g_mam{h H$s _{O]mZs H${ nb`{ gOH$a V¡`ma h¡&
O`[wa _| 15 AJñV H{$ obE H$S>r gwajm
AmV§H$dmXs JnVndnY`m{§ H${ _Ô{ZOa amOñWmZ _| ñdV§ÌVm nXdg [a H$S>s gwajm ì`dñWm H$aZ{ H${ nZX}e nX`{ J`{ h¡&

AJñV 13

O{R>_bmZr go_oV hþna©`V g{ ]mV H$a{Jr
dnað> dH$sb Am¡a [yd© _§Ìr am_ O{R>_bmZr H$s AÜ`jVm dmbr H$í_sa H$_{Qs AmJm_s 16 AJñV g{ hwna©`V H$m§\«$|g Am¡a eã]sa emh H$s Oå_y-H$í_sa \«$sS_ [mQu g{ ]mVMsV ewê H$aZ{ Om ahs h¡ $&
e{ImdV 19 AJñV H$m{ H$m`©^ma g§^mb|J{
Z`{ C[amï­>[oV ^¢am{ qgh e{ImdV AmJm_s 19 AJñV H$m{ A[Zm Z`m H$m`©^ma ½m«hU H$a|J{ &
amï­>[oV H$m AJbm o_eZ-Jar]r oZdmaU
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ ^wO (JwOamV) _| H$hm nH$ X{e g{ Jas]s hQmZ{ H${ nbE H$¥nf, ImÚ àg§ñH$aU, nejm, ñdmñÏ` Am¡a gyMZm àm¡Úm{nJH$s O¡g{ _hËd[yU© j{Ìm{§ H${ ndH$mg H$m{ _hËd X{Zm hm{Jm &
JwOamV X§Jm| _| Aghm` Wm -Zmam`UZ
[yd© amï­>[oV H${ Ama Zmam`UZ Z{ [X N>m{S>Z{ H{$ ]mX [hbr ]ma gm§àXmo`H$Vm [a O_H$a àhma H$aV{ hþE H$hm h¡ nH$ JwOamV H${ X§Jm{§ H${ g_` dh amï­[nV H${ ê [ _| IwX H$m{ ]hwV Aghm` _hgyg H$a ah{ W{ &
EZ S>r nVdmas Z{ bm{H$g^m grQ> N>m{S>r
CËVam§Mb H${ _w»`_§Ìs Zmam`U XV nVdmas Z{ bm{H$g^m H$s Z¡ZsVmb gsQ g{ Ë`mJ[Ì X{ nX`m h¡ &
amOJ V¥U_yb _m_b{ [a odMma H$a{Jm
^maVs` OZVm [mQu Z{ H$hm h¡ nH$ amï­s` OZVm§nÌH$ JR]§YZ (amOJ) V¥U_yb H$m§½m«{g H${ JR]§YZ g{ ZmVm Vm{SZ{ H$s Km{fUm H${ H$maU CË[Þ nñWnV [a ndMma H$a{Jm &
H¥$of CË[mXZ 4.9 à.e.KQ> gH$Vm h¡
g|Qa \$ma _mZsQna§J B§nS`Z BH$m{Zm_s (gsE_AmB©B©) Z{ Mmby ndËV df© H${ Xm¡amZ H$¥nf CË[mXZ _| 4.9 ànVeV nJamdQ H$m AZw_mZ bJm`m h¡ &
_{Kmb` _| 12 bm{Jm| H$s hË`m
_{Kmb` H${ [nü_ Jmam{ nhëg nOb{ _| Z{eZb S{_m{H«${nQH$ \«§$Q Am\$ ]m{Sm{b¢S (EZSsE\$]s) H${ g§nX½Y AmV§H$dmnX`m{§ Z{ _§Jbdma gw]h 12 bm{Jm{§ H$s Jm{bs _maH$a hË`m H$a Xs $&
E\$]rAmB© EO|Q> [moH$ñVmZ _| \¡$b{
[mnH$ñVmZ _| _wea©\$ emgZ Z{ A_{naH$s Iwn\$`m EO|gs \${Sab ã`yam{ Am\$ BZd{ñQsJ{eZ (E\$]sAmB©) H$m{ AmV§H$dmX g{ bSZ{ H${ nbE A[Z{ X{e _| ì`m[H$ Omb n]NmZ{ H$s AZw_nV X{ Xs h¡ &
Ah_Xm]mX _| ]_ \$Qm,1 Km`b
nOg g_` amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ JwOamV H$s Xm{ nXZ H$s `mÌm g_má H$a ^wO g{ nXëbs admZm hm{ ah{ W{ ,Cgs g_` Ah_Xm]mX _| EH$ X{gs ]_ \$QZ{ g{ EH$ `wdH$ Km`b hm{ J`m &
[{Q­m{b [§[ aÔ H$aZ{ H${ \$¡gb{ [a am{H$
nXëbs CÀM Ý`m`mb` Z{ [{Q­m{b [§[, Eb[sOs Am¡a H$¡am{ngZ EO|ng`m{§ H${ OZdas 2000 H${ ]mX H${ Amd§QZ aÔ H$aZ{ H${ H${ÝÐ gaH$ma H${ nZX}e H${ H$m`m©Ýd`Z [a am{H$ bJm Xs h¡ &
16AJ.g{ 5 nH$J«m H$m agm{B© ogb|S>a
H${ÝÐs` [{Q­m{nb`_ E§d àmH$¥nVH$ J¡g _§Ìmb` Z{ Am_ C[^m{º$mAm{§ H$s gwndYm H${ nbE A] X{e^a _| [m§M nH$bm{ agm{B© J¡g H$s j_Vm dmb{ J¡g ngb{ÝSam{§ H$s n]H«$s ewê$ H$aZ{ H$m \$¡gbm nb`m h¡ &
__Vm ]ZOu Z{ amOJ N>m{¶S>m
V¥U_yb H$m§½m«{g Z{ _§Jbdma H$m{ A[Zr [mQ>u H$s amï­>r` H$m`©go_oV H$s ]¡R>H$ H{$ ]mX amï­s` OZVm§nÌH$ JR]§YZ (amOJ) g{ ZmVm Vm{SZ{ H$s Km{fUm H$a Xs$&
nh_mMb àX{e _| ]mXb \$QZ{ g{ ^mar V]mhr
nh_mMb àX{e H${ bmhwb ñ[snV nOb{ _| gm{_dma X{a amV ]mXb \$QZ{ g{ AMmZH$ AmB© ]mT g{ 12 _H$mZ ThZ{ H${ gmW H$as] 230 [ewAm{§ H$s _¥Ë`w hm{ J`s &
"^mO[m MwZmd Am`m{J H$m{ Y_H$m`{ Zht'
^maVs` H$å`wnZñQ [mQu Z{ ^maVs` OZVm [mQu Ûmam MwZmd Am`m{J [a H$s Om ahr oQ>pß[oU`m| [a H$S>r Am[oÎm OVmB© h¡ $&
H$í_ra-]S>Jm_ _| 42 oH$J«m AmaS>rE·g ]am_X
Oå_y-H$í_sa [wnbg Z{ ^mar _mÌm _| odñ\$m{Q>H$ ]am_X H$a amÁ` _| ñdV§ÌVm nXdg g_mam{hm{§ Am¡a AmJm_s ndYmZg^m MwZmdm{§ H${ Xm¡amZ ]S{ [¡_mZ{ [a ndñ\$m{Q H$aZ{ H$s AmV§H$dmnX`m{§ H$s `m{OZm H$m{ ZmH$m_ H$a nX`m &
Ama H{$ e_m© H$s O_mZV `moMH$m ImnaO
[ÌH$ma nedmZs ^QZmJa H$s hË`m H${ _w»` Amam{[s hna`mUm H${ [wnbg _hmnZasjH$ andH$m§V e_m© H$s AoJ«_ O_mZV H$s AOu _§Jbdma H$m{ nXëbs H$s EH$ AXmbV Z{ ^r ImnaO H$a Xr &
amï­[nV S>m°. H$bm_ H$ÀN admZm
amï­[nV Sm°. E[sO{ A×wb H$bm_ A[Z{ JwOamV àdmg H${ Xyga{ Am¡a A§nV_ MaU _| AmO _§Jbdma H$m{ n[Nb{ gmb ^yH$§[ g{ g]g{ Á`mXm à^mndV H$ÀN nOb{ H${ ^wO H${ nbE admZm hm{ J`{ &
ga g§KMmbH$ Z{ C[amï­>[oV H$m{ ]YmB© Xr
amï­s` ñd`§g{dH$ g§K H${ ga g§KMmbH$ H${. gs. gwXe©Z Z{ ls ^¡am{ng§h e{ImdV H$m{ C[amï­[nV MwZ{ OmZ{ [a ]YmB© Ed§ ew^H$m_Zm Xs h¡&
gƒ{ OZ Z{Vm h¢ C[amï­>[oV e{ImdV
ZdnZdm©nMV C[amï­[nV ^¡am{nñm§h e{ImdV H${ nga [a [Mmg dfu` MwZmds amOZsnV _| VsZ Adgam{§ H$m{ Nm{SH$a h_{em OsV H$m g{ham ]§YVm ahm h¡ $&
H$bm_ _§oXa JE, ^wO `mÌm _{§ X{a hþB©
JwOamV H$s Xm{ oXZ H$s `mÌm [a gm{_dma H$m{ Ah_Xm]mX [hþ§M{ amï­>[oV AãXwb H$bm_ AmO gw]h ^wO H{$ obE admZm hm{Z{ dmb{ W{ b{oH$Z CZH{$ AMmZH$ O¡Z _§oXa Mb{ OmZ{ g{ Bg_| X{a hm{Z{ H$s I]a h¡$&
MsZ _| ^yñIbZ, 39 X]{, H$B© Km`b
XnjU [nü_ MsZ _| `yZmZ àm§V H$s `m§nOZ H$mC§Qs H${ EH$ Jm§d _| ^mas ^yñIbZ H${ H$maU _b]m nJaZ{ g{ 39 ì`nËËH$ X] J`{&
[mH$ H${ gmW H$ht äms I{bZ{ H$m{ V¡`ma h¡ dm°
AmñQ­{nb`mB© Q{ñQ nH«$H${Q H$ámZ ñQsd dm Z{ H$hm h¡ nH$ CZH${ X{e Am¡a [mnH$ñVmZ H${ AnYH$mas Q{ñQ e§¥Ibm H${ nbE EH$ CnMV VQñW ñWmZ H$s Vbmím _| h¢ Am¡a CZH$s Qs_ [mnH$ñVmZ H${ gmW H$ht ^s I{bZ{ H$m{ V¡`ma h¡ &

AJñV 12

_m{Xr amhV H{$ B§VOm_ H$a|-amï­>[oV
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ JwOamV H${ _w»`_§Ìs H$m{ nZX}e nX`m nH$ X§Jm [snSVm{§ H${ amhV Ed§ [wZdm©g H${ nbE g^s à]§Y nH$`{ OmE§ &
emh Amb_ oeoda amï­>[oV H$s ]mQ> Om{hVm ahm
Ah_Xm]mX _| X§Jm [snSVm{§ H${ g]g{ ]S{ amhV nenda emh E Amb_ nenda _| ah ah{ Mma hOma X§Jm [snSV amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ H${ `hm§ g{ Z AmZ{ g{ ]{hX oZame hþE $&
X§Jm [snSVm{§ Z{ Am[]rVr gwZmB© amï­[nV H$bm_ H$m{
"^maV _mVm H$s O`' H${ Zmam{§ H${ ]sM Zam{Sm [mnQ`m H${ X§Jm à^mndVm{§ Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ g{ H$hm nH$ JwOamV H$s [wnbg g{ CZH$m ndídmg CR MwH$m h¡ Bgnb`{ CÝh| [`m©á _wAmdO{ H${ gmW H$|Ðs` Amajs [wnbg ]b (gsAma[sE\$) H$s gwajm _wh¡`m H$amB© Om`{ &
C.à.-VsZ _§nÌ`m{ H${ nd^mJ ]Xb{ J`{
CËVa àX{e _{ §]hwOZ g_mO [mQu ,^maVs` OZVm [mQu JR]§YZ gaH$ma H${ dnað _§Ìs bmbOs Q§SZ g_{V VsZ _§nÌ`m{ H${ nd^mJm{ _| _m_ybs \${a]Xb nH$`m J`m h¡ &
_hmamï­>-^Vu Km{Q>mbm Amam{[r 26 AJñV VH$ ohamgV _|
_w§]B© H$s EH$ nde{f AXmbV Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ _hmamï­ g{dm Am`m{J Km{Qmb{ H${ Amam{[s Am`m{J H${ [yd© AÜ`j Eg Ss H$nU©H$ ,nZîH$mngV [wnbg C[mYsjH$ ]]Z H$X_ Am¡a AÝ` AmR Amam{n[`m{§ H$s Ý`mn`H$ nhamgV 26 AJñV VH$ ]Tm Xs &
^¡am| qgh e{ImdV C[amï­>[oV MwZ{ J`{
amOñWmZ H${ [yd© _w»`_§Ìs Am¡a amï­s` OZVm§nÌH$ JR]§YZ (amOJ) H${ àË`mes ^¡am{§ ng§h e{ImdV ^maV H${ Z`{ C[amï­[nV hm{§J{ &
Q>|Q>o]«O Q>{ñQ> _| ÐodS> H$m eVH$,goMZ ,Jm§Jwbr MyH{$
^maV Am¡a B§½b¢S> H{$ ]rM I{b{ Om ah{ Xyga{ Q>{ñQ> H{$ Mm¡W{ oXZ ^maV H$s Am{a g{ H$ámZ gm¡a^ Jm§Jwbr Am¡a goMZ V|XwbH$a eVH$ ]ZmZ{ g{ MyH$ J`{ O]oH$ amhþb ÐodS> Z{ emZXma eVH$ bJm`m $&
amï­[nV ñd. odH«$_ gmam^mB© H{$ Ka J`{
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ Ah_Xm]mX _| A[Z{ Jwé ñd.ndH«$_ gmam^mB© H${ nZdmg [hw§M H$a CZH${ [nadma dmbm{§ H${ gmÏm H$as] AmY{ K§Q{ VH$ ]mVMsV H$s &
H$bm_ Z{ A[Z{ Xm{Zm| AmXem~ H$m{ `mX oH$`m
amï­[nV E [s O{ AãXwb H$bm_ Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ Ah_Xm]mX [hw§MZ{ [a A[Z{ Xm{Zm| AmXem~ _hmË_m Jm§Yr d ñd.S>m°. odH«$_ gmam^mB© H{$ [mdZ ñWbm| [a ^|Q> Xr $&
H$í_ra MwZmd _| [mH$ JS>]S>r \¡$bm`{Jm-odX{e _§Ìr
^maV Z{ Ame§H$m ì`º$ H$s h¡ nH$ [mnH$ñVmZ Oå_y-H$í_sa H${ AmJm_s ndYmZg^m MwZmdm{§ g{ [hb{ amÁ` _| AmV§H$dmXs nh§gm Am¡a ^SH$m`{ OmZ{ H$s gmnOe aM ahm h¡ VWm Bg ]ma{ _| CgH${ [mg ñ[ï g]yV h¡ &
PmaI§S> _| "[m{Q>m' H{$ VhV A] VH$ 102 [H$S>{ J`{
AmV§H$dmX nZam{YH$ AÜ`mX{e ([m{Qm) H${ VhV PmaI§S _§{ A^s VH$ nJaâVma 102 An^`wº$m| _| g{ VsZ H$m{ Amam{[[Ì XmnIb Zht H$aZ{ H$s dOh g{ O_mZV n_b MwH$s h¡ &
amï­>[oV H$bm_ JwOamV [hþ§M{
amï­>[oV E [r O{ AãXwb H$bm_ gm{_dma Xm{[ha ]mX JwOamV Xm¡a{ [a Ah_Xm]mX [hþ§M{$&
C.à.H$m{ "AH$mbJ«ñV' Km{ofV H$aZ{ H$s _m§J V{O
CËVa àX{e H$m{ "AH$mb½m«ñV' Km{nfV H$aZ{ H$s _m§J V{O hm{Vr Om ahr h¡ $& gm{_dma H$m{ Bgr _m§J H$m{ b{H$a nd[j H${ h§Jm_{ H${ ]sM amÁ` ndYmZ g^m H$s H$m`©dmhs [ya{ nXZ H${ nbE ñWnJV ahs &
^maV-A\$JmoZñVmZ H{$ ]rM ì`m[mnaH$ g§]§Y ewê$
^maV Z{ dfm{©§ H${ `wÕ Am¡a Üd§g H${ ]mX nZ_m©U Am¡a ndH$mg H$s Am{a ]T> ah{ A\$JmnZñVmZ H${ gmW A[Z{ gnX`m{§ [wamZ{ ì`m[ma naíVm{§ H$s ]hmbs H$a Xs h¡ &
JwOamV _| dfm© g{ gyIVr \$gbm| H$m{ OrdZ o_bm
CËVas JwOamV _| n[Nb{ H$wN nXZm{§ g{ hm{ ahs dfm© Ias\$ H$s \$gbm{§ H${ nbE daXmZ gmn]V hm{ ahs h¡ & dfm© g{ CÎmar JwOamV H{$ nH$gmZ ]hwV amhV _hgyg H$a ah{ h¢ &
__Vm ]ZOu YaZ{ [a ]¡R>t , amOJ Zht N>m{S>|Jr
[ydu a{b Om{Z nd^mOZ g{ ZmamO V¥U_yb H$m§½m«{g AÜ`j __Vm ]ZOu Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ C[amï­[nV MwZmd H$m ]nhîH$ma H$aV{ hw`{ ZB© oX„r H{$ OÝVa-_ÝVa [a YaZm nX`m &
C[amï­>[oV MwZmd-dmBH$m{ Z{ _VXmZ oH$`m
Vo_bZmSw> [wobg Ûmam "[m{Q>m' _| oJaâVma E_SsE_H${ H${ AÜ`j Ed§ bm{H$g^m gm§gX dmBH$m{ Z{ gm{_dma H$m{ nXëbs AmH$a H$Ss gwajm ì`dñWm H${ ]sM g§gX ^dZ _| C[amï­[nV H${ MwZmd h{Vw _VXmZ nH$`m &
Zmam`U XÎm oVdmar od.g.C[MwZmd OrV{
CËVam§Mb H${ _w»`_§Ìs Zmam`U XËV nVdmas Z{ am_ZJa ndYmZg^m j{Ì H${ C[MwZmd _| nd[j H${ àË`mes am_ ng§h n]ï H$m{ 23 hOma 217 _Vm{§ g{ [amnOV H$a nX`m h¡ &
gm¡dm§ Q>{ñQ> I{bZ{ [a goMZ H$m gå_mZ hm{Jm
nH«$H${Q "b] Am\$ B§nS`m (gsgsAmB©) Z{ ]„{]mO gnMZ V|XwbH$a H$m{ CgH${ 100 Q{ñQ I{bZ{ H${ Adga [a gå_mnZV H$aZ{ H$m \$¡gbm nH$`m h¡&`h gå_mZ B§½b¢S H${ Am{db _¡XmZ [a nH$`m Om`{Jm&
dfm© Zht hm{Z{ g{ PmaI§S> H$m{ Aa]m| H$m ZwH$gmZ
PmaI§S H${ _w»`_§Ìs ]m]ybmb _am§Ss Z{ amÁ` _| gyIm H$s nñWnV [a J§^sa nM§Vm ì`ËËH$ H$aV{ hw`{ H$hm h¡ nH$ dfm© Zht hm{Z{ g{ PmaI§S _| bJ^J ARmah gm¡ H$am{S ê[`{ H$s jnV hw`s h¡&
amï­[nV AmO Ah_Xm]mX Om`|J{
amï­[nV E [s O{ A×wb H$bm_ JwOamV H$s A[Zs MnM©V Xm{ nXdgs` JwOamV `mÌm [a AmO gm{_dma H$m{ Ah_Xm]mX admZm hm{ ah{ h¢, Ohm§ d{ JwOamV H${ X§Jm [snSV amhV nendam{§ H$m ñd`§ Om`Om b{Z{ H${ Abmdm amï­n[Vm _hmË_m Jm§Ys H${ gm]a_Vs Aml_ ^s OmE§J{&
_Ü` àX{e _| _§oÌ_§S>b H$m odñVma, 14 ZE _§Ìr
nXn½dO` ng§h _§nÌ_§SbH$m ndñVma-[m§M H$¡n]Z{Q Am¡a Zm¡ amÁ`_§Ìs emn_b _Ü`àX{e H${ _w»`_§Ìs nXn½dO` ng§h Z{ AmO gm{_dma H$m{ A[Z{ _§nÌ_§Sb H$m ndñVma H$aV{ hwE [m§M H$¡n]Z{Q Am¡a Zm¡ amÁ`_§nÌ`m{§$
gyImJ«ñV CS>rgm-[bm`Z am{H$Z{ H{$ obE Img C[m`
CSsgm _| gyI{ H${ H$maU bm{Jm{§ H$ { g§^mndV [bm`Z H$m{ am{H$Z{ H${ nbE amÁ` gaH$ma Z{ g^s nObmnYH$mna`m{§ H$m{ E{g{ H$m`© H$amZ{ H$m nZX}e nX`m h¡ nOg_| AnYH$ g{ AnYH$ bm{Jm{§ H$m{ am{OJma n_b{&
C[amï­[nV H${ MwZmd H${ nb`{ _VXmZ ewê
X{e H${ 12 d| C[amï­[nV [X H${ MwZmd H${ nb`{ AmO gm{_dma H$m{ Z`r oX„r _| g§gX _| RsH$ Xg ]O{ _VXmZ ewê hwAm& g§gXs` H$m`©_§Ìs à_m{X _hmOZ Z{ g]g{ [hb{ dm{Q Smbm&
bm{.$g.-H$m`©dmhr AoZpíMVH$mb H{$ obE ñWoJV
[{Q­m{b [§[ àH$aU H${ H$maU Mb ah{ h§Jm_{ Am¡a em{aJwb H$m{ X{IV{ hwE bm{H$ g^m AÜ`j _Zm{ha Om{es Z{ AmO gm{_dma H$m{ gXZ H$s ]¡RH$ nZYm©naV AdnY g{ Xm{ nXZ [hb{ hs AnZnüV H$mb H${ nb`{ ñWnJV H$a Xs&
amÁ`g^m H$s H$m`©dmhs EH$ K§Q{ VH$ ñWnJV
[{Q­m{b [å[ àH$aU H$m{ b{H$a amÁ`g^m H$s H$m`©dmhs AmO gm{_dma H$m{ em{a eam]{ H${ ]sM EH$ K§Q{ H${ nbE ñWnJV hm{ J`s& Bgs _m_b{ H$m{ b{H$a n[Nb{ [ya{ gámh ^s gXZ H$s H$m`©dmhs Zht Mbs Ws&
]mnae H${ nb`{ A_{naH$m _| ^r [yOm-[mR
^maV hs Zh§s§ Bg gmb A_{naH$m H$m{ ^s ]mnae H$s H$_r g{ OyPZm [S> ahm h¡, ]mnae Zht hm{Z{ H${ H$maU A_asH$r ^s [yOm-[mR H$a ah{ h¢ &
amOñWmZ _| Zht [S>{ h¢ "gmdZ H{$ Pyb{'
amOñWmZ _| [`m©á ]mnae Z hm{Z{ g{ Bg ]ma gmdZ H${ Pybm{§ H$m a§J \$sH$m bJ ahm h¡ &