A¡_p rhi¡ L„$C L$l¡hp_u S>ê$f _\u. kamsp A_¡ _pd_p Ardspc_p `ep®e b_u Nep„ R>¡.

A¡¼V$f, A¡ÞL$f A_¡ rbT_¡kd¡_. rbN bu_p„ Ap ÓZ ê$` rkhpe `Z s¡_u L¡$V$guL$ Mprkesp¡ R>¡.

11du Ap¡¼V$p¡bf, 2001_p Ardspc 59 hj®_p¡ \ep¡. Ad¡ sdpfp dpV¡$ Mpk fS|> L$f¡gy„ Ardspc õ`¡íeg sp¡ sd¡ hp„Ãey„ S> li¡. ApS>¡ hp„Qp¡ Ardspc rhi¡_u ÅZuAÅZu 59 fkâv$ hpsp¡.

1. Ardspc bÃQ__p¡ S>Þd 11du Ap¡¼V$p¡bf, 1942_p Agplpbpv$dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡.
   
   
2. Tp¡qX$e¡L kpB_ âdpZ¡ qV$r`L$g rgb°_ A¡hp¡ Ardspc M|b d|X$u R>¡.
   
   
3. rh¿eps L$rh lqfh„ifpe bÃQ_ A_¡ s¡Æ bÃQ__p¡ s¡ v$uL$fp¡ R>¡.
   
   
4. `l¡gp„ s¡_y„ _pd B[ÞL$gpb fpMhp_y„ lsy„ `Z `R>u s¡_p r`spA¡ Ardspc _pd fp¿ey„. Ardspc A¡V$g¡ AM|V$ s¡S>õhusp.
   
   
5. s¡Z¡ _¥_uspg_u ârsr›$s i¡fh|X$ õL|$gdp„ iê$Aps_y„ rinZ gu^y„ lsy„. s¡ `R>u qv$ëlu_u qL$fp¡fudg L$p¡g¡S>dp„\u N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ \ep¡ lsp¡.
   
   
6. ipmpÆh_ v$fçep_ Ardspc_u BÃR>p A¡[ÞS>r_ef b_hp_u lsu. A¡L$ kde¡ sp¡ s¡cpfsue lhpC v$mdp„ Å¡X$php dpNsp¡ lsp¡.
   
   
7. rbN bu b„_¡ lp\¡ gMu iL¡$ R>¡.
   
   
8. Ardspc rhop__p rhjep¡dp„ M|b lp¡riepf lsp¡, Å¡L¡$ cpjpAp¡ `f `Z s¡_p¡ Mpõkp¡ L$pb| lsp¡.
   
   
9. s¡_¡ kp¥\u `l¡gu _p¡L$fu ip¡ hp¡g¡k L„$`_udp„ dmu lsu. s¡Z¡ bX®$ A¡ÞX$ L„$`_u _pd_u$ rit`N L„$`_udp„ ä¡BV$ b°p¡L$f sfuL¡$ `Z L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„. s¡dp„ s¡_¡ Qpf Ap„L$X$p_p¡ `Npf dmsp¡ lsp¡.
   
   
10. 6 awV$ 2 IQ gp„bp¡ Ap ky`fõV$pf Ap¡g B[ÞX$ep f¡qX$ep¡dp„ fuX$f_u _p¡L$fu dpV¡$ Ap¡qX$i_ Ap`hp Nep¡ sp¡ s¡_¡ sfs S> qfS>¡¼V$ L$fu v¡$hpep¡ lsp¡. fkâv$ hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$ ApS>¡ s¡_p¡ AhpS> s¡_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u qdfps NZpe R>¡.
    
    
11. AÐepf¡ f¡idu smpCdp„ k|sp Ardspc¡ dy„bC_p dfu_ X²$pCh `f b¡ÞQ D`f k|C_¡ A¡L$ fps NyÅfu lsu.
    
    
12. ÅZusp Arc_¡sp ky_ug v$Ñ¡ Ardspc_¡ s¡d_u raëd f¡idp Ap¥f i¡fpdp„ b°¡L$ Apàep¡ lsp¡.
    
    
13. `p¡s¡ A¡¼V$f _ bÞep¡ lp¡s sp¡ s¡_p hs_ Agplpbpv$dp„ v|$^ h¡Qsp¡ lp¡s A¡d Ardspc L$l¡ R>¡.
    
    
14. qaëdp¡dp„ s¡_„y a¡hqfV$ _pd rhS>e (v$uhpf, T„Æf, i[¼s) R>¡ A_¡ qaëdp¡dp„ d_Ndsp¡ fp¡g `p¡guk BÞõ`¡¼V$f_p¡ (T„Æf, fpdbgfpd, bX¡$ rdep„ R>p¡V¡$ rdep, A¼k) R>¡.
    
    
15. Ardspc A_¡ S>ep `l¡gu hpf `|_pdp„ A¡aV$uApCApC Mps¡ dþep„ lsp„ A_¡ s¡ `R>u NyÍ$u qaëd_p k¡V$ `f dþep„ lsp„.
    
    
16. S>ep_u `l¡gu qaëd NyÍ$u_p¡ lufp¡ Ardspc S> lp¡s, `Z `R>u kdus b„Å _pd_p A¡¼V$f_¡ s¡ fp¡g dþep¡.
    
    
17. Ardspc Qp¡¿MpC_y„ A_¡ v$f¡L$ QuS> s¡_¡ W¡$L$pZ¡ lp¡e A¡_y„ M|b Ýep_ fpM¡ R>¡. qaëdp¡dp„ s¡ k„Oj® L$fsp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡e s¡_p¡ b¡ ê$d_p¡ A¡`pV®$d¡ÞV$ s¡_u Ap Apv$s_¡ L$pfZ¡ õhÃR>kyOX$ fl¡sp¡.
    
    
18. s¡ `p¡sp_p _p_p cpC ArS>spc_¡ `p¡sp_p¡ î¡›$ rdÓ NZph¡ R>¡.
    
    
19. ê$qY$Ap¡dp„ dp_sp¡ lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ardspc S>ep_¡ L$v$u A¡L$gp¡ dþep¡ _lp¡sp¡. s¡Ap¡ l„d¡ip„ rdÓp¡ kp\¡ S> S>sp„.
    
    
20. AMbpfp¡dp„ rbN bu_¡ _pd¡ ÅZusp Ardspc_¡ s¡_p„ dpbp` A_¡ _ÆL$_p„ rdÓp¡ dyÞ_p L$lu_¡ bp¡gph¡ R>¡.
    
    
21. iplfyM Mp_ A_¡ _p_p `pV¡$L$f_p¡ A_y¾$d¡ X$f, bpTuNf A_¡ ArÁ_kpnu S>¡hu qaëdp¡dp„ _¡N¡qV$h fp¡g hMZpep¡ lsp¡, `Z Ardspc¡ sp¡ L¡$V$gpe Afkp `l¡gp„ `fhp_p qaëddp„ ep¡Nusp bpgu kpd¡ rhg__p¡ fp¡g L$ep£ lsp¡.
    
    
22. d_dp¡l_ v¡$kpC_u qaëd Ly$gu dpV¡$ dpfpdpfu_p¡ ku_ L$fhp S>sp„ s¡_¡ qaëddp„ rhg_ b_¡gp `y_us Bõkpf\u N„cuf BÅ \C lsu. 2Æ Ap¡ÁõV¡$ s¡_¡ _hp¡ S>Þd dþep¡ lsp¡.
    
    
23. Ardspc_¡ Ly$gu qaëd_p k¡V$ BÅ \C A_¡ s¡_u lpgs N„cuf lsu Ðepf¡ S>ep v$ffp¡S> b°uQL¡$ÞX$u lp¡[õ`V$g\u Myëgp `N¡ rkrÙrh_peL$ d„qv$f¡ v$i®_ L$fhp S>su lsu.
    
    
24. bp` A¡hp¡ b¡V$p¡. Ardspc ¼epf¡L$ ¼epf¡L$ r`sp lrfh„ifpe_u S>¡d L$rhsp `Z gM¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ r`spA¡ gM¡gu L$rhspAp¡_y„ dp¡V$¡\u `W$_ L$fhy„ s¡_¡ M|b Nd¡ R>¡. s¡_u a¡hqfV$ L$rhsp R>¡ d^yipgp.
    
    
25. s¡ ipL$plpfu R>¡. Apgy`|fu, `L$p¡X$p„, Y$p¡L$mp„ A_¡ `fpW$p S>¡hp¡ kpv$p¡ Mp¡fpL$ s¡_¡ blz cph¡ R>¡.
    
    
26. S>ep cpvy$fu, f¡Mp, Tu_s Adp_, fpMu, `fhu_ bpbu A_¡ îuv¡$hu S>¡hu qlfp¡B_p¡ kp\¡ s¡_u Å¡X$u Ådu lsu s¡d ^d£ÞÖ (fpdbgfpd, ip¡g¡, Qy`L¡$ Qy`L¡), rh_p¡v$ MÞ_p(dyL$Øf L$p rkL„$v$f, Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\p¡_u, `fhfui) A_¡ iiu L$`|f (L$cu L$cu, rkgrkgp, v$uhpf, ip_ A_¡ rÓi|g) S>¡hp lufp¡ kp\¡ `Z s¡_u Å¡X$u rlV$ _uhX$u lsu.
    
    
27. Ardspc_¡ hluv$p fl¡dp_ vy$r_ep_u kp¥\u ky„v$f ÷uAp¡dp„_u A¡L$ gpN¡ R>¡.
    
    
28. Ardspc¡ fpS>¡i MÞ_p kp\¡ Ap_„v$ A_¡ _dL$ lfpd qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„ A_¡ A¡ b„_¡ qaëd dpV¡$ s¡_¡ qaëda¡f_p¡ b¡õV$ k`p¡qV¯$N A¡¼V$f_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dýep¡ lsp¡.
    
    
29. dyLyg Ap_„v$_u qaëd Myv$pNhpl_y„ AaOpr_õsp_dp„ i|qV„$N Qpgu füy„ lsy„ Ðepf¡ s¡ hMs_p Ðep„_p âdyM _S>byëgpA¡ Ardspc_¡ fnZ Ap`hp v¡$i_y„ AX$^y„ A¡f ap¡k® s¥_ps L$fu v$u^y„ lsy„.
    
    
30. Myv$pNhpl_p i|qV„$N v$fçep_ `W$pZ_p fp¡gdp„ kss _L$gu v$pY$u gNpX$hp_¡ gu^¡ s¡_p Ql¡fp `f ap¡X$guAp¡ \C NC lsu.
    
    
31. ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ_u qaëd Qy`L¡$ Qy`L¡$dp„ Ardspc¡ A„N°¡Æ_p Ncfy âp¡a¡kf_p¡ fp¡g Lep£ lsp¡. `Z Mf¡Mf sp¡ ^d£ÞÖ A_¡ ird®gp V$pNp¡f_u Å¡X$u kpd¡ k¡L$ÞX$ guX$dp„ qX$f¡¼V$f ùjuv$p_u BÃR>p L$p¡C _hp A¡¼V$f_¡ g¡hp_u lsu.
    
    
32. ùjuL¡$i dyMfÆ_u qaëd Ap_„v$ s¡d_u `p¡sp_u fpS> L$`|f kp\¡_u v$p¡õsu `f Ap^pqfs lsu. S>¡dp„ Ardspc ùjuv$p (bpbydp¡ipe) b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ fpS>¡i MÞ_p guX$ fp¡g L$f¡ R>¡.
    
    
33. Ardspc_¡ NygpbÅ„by blz cph¡ R>¡. s¡dp„e Mpk sp¡ dy„bC_p Q¡çbyfdp„ Aph¡gp Tpdpk_p NygpbÅ„by s¡_¡ h^pf¡ cph¡ R>¡.
    
    
34. ip¡g¡_p i|qV„$N v$fçep_ Ardspc_¡ Mbf `X$u lsu L¡$ s¡ ïh¡sp A¡V$g¡ L¡$ s¡_u v$uL$fu_p¡ r`sp b_hp_p¡ R>¡.
    
    
35. v$uL$fp¡ Arcj¡L$ v¡$Mphdp„ r`sp S>¡hp¡ gpN¡ R>¡, `Z S>ep L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ ð¡sp õhcphdp„ bfpbf bp` `f `X$u R>¡.
    
    
36. Ardspc s¡_p `fuhpf_¡ M|b â¡d L$f¡ R>¡. s¡_p¡ ApN°l lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ rvhkdp„ A¡L$ hMs sp¡ s¡d_u kp\¡ S> cp¡S>_ g¡hy„.
    
    
37. s¡_¡ S>ep Myv$ `ufk¡ s¡ blz Nd¡ R>¡. `p¡sp_u Ås¡ gC_¡ S>dhp_y„ s¡_¡ _\u Ndsy„.
    
    
38. s¡ Cðf\u X$fu_¡ Qpg_pfp¡ dpZk R>¡. r_erds cNhv¹$ Nusp_p¡ `pW$ L$f¡ R>¡.
    
    
39. A¡bu_¡ OqX$epmp¡ A_¡ k_Ágpkuk_p¡ cpf¡ ip¡M R>¡. s¡_u `pk¡ Ap b„_¡ QuÅ¡_y„ S>bfv$õs L$g¡¼i_ R>¡.
    
    
40. Ardspc âp¡a¡i_g tkNf _\u s¡d R>sp„ s¡Z¡ L¡$V$gp„e rlV$ Nusp¡ Apàep„ R>¡. d¡f¡ A„N_¡ d¢ (gphpqfk), f„N bfk¡ (rkgrkgp), d¡f¡ `pk ApAp¡ (rd. _V$hfgpg) A_¡ sy dBL¡$ ds S>Cep¡ (`yL$pf) S>¡hp„ Nusp¡ epv$Npf b_u Nep„ R>¡.
    
    
41. Ardspc_p L$l¡hp âdpZ¡ s¡_p„ bpmL$p¡ (Arcj¡L$ A_¡ ð¡sp) s¡_p„ kp¥\u dp¡V$p rhh¡QL$p¡ R>¡. s¡_u raëd rfrgT \pe L¡$ s¡_p„ L$`X$p„, l¡fõV$pBg, s¡_u A¡[¼V„$N\u dp„X$u_¡ X$pÞk ky^u_u b^u bpbsp¡_u kMs V$uL$p L$f¡ R>¡.
    
    
42. A¢ku_p v$peL$pdp„ Ardspc_p _pd `f\u _p_L$X$u L$p¡rdL$ byL$_u qkqfT blpf `X$u lsu. `pR>m\u s¡_p `f\u syap_ _pd_u qaëd `Z b_u lsu.
    
    
43. Ardspc M|b `„¼ÃeyAg R>¡. k¡V$ `f L$v$u dp¡X$p¡ `X$sp¡ _\u.
    
    
44. s¡ l„d¡ip„ dpspr`sp_¡ `N¡ gpNu_¡ S> Of_u blpf _uL$m¡ R>¡.
    
    
45. a¡i_ qX$TpB_f Aby Å_u A_¡ k„v$u` Mp¡kgp Ardspc A_¡ s¡_p `fuhpf dpV¡$ h÷p¡ s¥epf L$f¡ R>¡.
    
    
46. Ardspc_¡ apõV$ L$pf_y„ kMs O¡gy„ R>¡.
    
    
47. S>¡_p AhpS> `f dfu `X$hp_y„ d_ \pe A¡hp Ardspc¡ qaëdp¡dp„ A¡hp OZp X$pegp¡Ák Apàep R>¡ S>¡ epv$Npf b_u Nep R>¡. s¡_p `R>u epv$Npf k„hpv$p¡_u bpbsdp„ fpS> Ly$dpf, fpS> L$`|f A_¡ qv$gu` Ly$dpf_p¡ _„bf Aph¡ R>¡.
    
    
48. Ardspc_¡ dpBõ\¡r_ep N°¡huk _pd_p¡ fp¡N R>¡, S>¡ lh¡ Nyrge_ b¡f rkÞX²$p¡d\u Ap¡mMpe R>¡.
    
    
49. s¡_¡ lp¡mu_p¡ sl¡hpf M|b Nd¡ R>¡. s¡ qv$hk¡ s¡ `pV$} L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ raëdDÛp¡N_p dp¡V$p cpN_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ s¡dp„ Apd„ÓZ Ap`¡ R>¡. `R>u cp„N, f„Np¡ A_¡ Nusp¡_u dl¡aug S>dph¡ R>¡.
    
    
50. T„Æf qaëd Ardspc_u L¡$qfefdp„ A¡L$ kudprQl¹_ NZpe R>¡. `Z `l¡gp„ Ap fp¡g v¡$h Ap_„v$, fpS> Ly$dpf A_¡ ^d£ÞÖ_¡ Ap¡af \ep¡ lsp¡.
    
    
51. Ardspc A¡L$ S> A¡hp¡ rlÞv$u qaëdõV$pf R>¡ S>¡_u qaëd il¡_ipl_u rhqX$ep¡L¡$k¡V$ b¡ cpNdp„ blpf `X$u lsu.
    
    
52. A¡L$ kde_p ky`fõV$pf Ardspc_¡ OZp A¡hp¡X®$ `Z dþep R>¡ : 1991dp„ A[Á_`\ qaëd dpV¡ b¡õV$ A¡¼V$f_p¡ _¡i_g A¡hp¡X®$, Ap_„v$ (1972), _dL$ lfpd (1974) A_¡ dp¡låbs¢ (2000) qaëd dpV¡$ b¡õV$ k`p¡qV¯$N A¡¼V$f, Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\p¡_u (1978), X$p¡_ (1979) A_¡ ld (1992) dpV¡$ b¡õV$ A¡¼V$f_p¡ qaëda¡f A¡hp¡X®$.
    
    
53. bubuku Ap¡_gpB_¡ Ardspc_¡ õV$pf Ap¡a ^ rdg¡r_ed Ål¡f L$ep£ lsp¡.
    
    
54. Ardspc¡ V¡$rgrhT__p `fv$p `f L$pd L$fu_¡ _hp¡ S> Qugp¡ `pX$ép¡ R>¡. s¡Z¡ L$p¥_ b_¡Np L$fp¡X$`rs L$pe®¾$ddp„ lp¡õV$ sfuL¡$ Aphu_¡ ip¡_¡ M|b gp¡L$râe b_phu v$u^p¡. Ardspc_y„ Ap `Ngy„ blz kdS>v$pfuhpmy„ lsy„.
    
    
55. Ardspc¡ 1984dp„ fpS>L$pfZdp„ `Z sL$v$uf AS>dphu lsu. s¡ Agplpbpv$ dsrhõspfdp„\u L$p¢N°¡k_u qV$qL$V$ `f S>bfu kfkpC\u k„kv$dp„ Q|„V$pC Apìep¡ lsp¡.
    
    
56. Ardspc A¡L$dpÓ A¡hp¡ A¡rie_ R>¡ S>¡_¡ bubuku_p hp¡N_ ip¡dp„ cpN g¡hp dþep¡ R>¡.
    
    
57. Ardspc¡ s¡_u buN bu çeyrTL$ L„$`_u dpV¡$ A¡bu b¡bu _pd¡ çeyrTL$ Apgbd `Z LpY$éy„ lsy„. Bf buf aÑ¡ _pd_p fpL¡$i dl¡fp_p A¡L$ Nusdp„ `Z s¡Z¡ L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„. A¡ Nus Å¡fv$pf rlV$ \ey„ lsy„.
    
    
58. g„X$__p ârsr›$s d¡X$d sykpv$ çeyrTeddp„ vy$r_epcf_p õV$pk® A_¡ k¡rgrb°V$u_u kp\¡ Ardspc_y„ duZ_y„ `|smy„ `Z d|L$hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.
    
    
59. 58 hj®_u Jdf¡ Ardspc¡ d_p¡S> hpS>`¡eu kp\¡ 30 awV$ KQ¡\u R>gp„N gNphu lsu. qaëd A¼k_p A¡L$ ku_ dpV¡$.

k„L$g_ : kyL$Þep hdp®

Ap ap¡V$p¡auQf Ap`_¡ L¡$hy„ gpÁey„ ?