• L$p¡gqdõV$
• dyhuV$pBd$
• Anfp
• NyS>fps A¡ Vy$ T¡X-
• fpS>L$p¡V$_p kdpQpf
• NyS>fps_y„ Of¡Ï„
• R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„..
• TV$`V$ fkp¡C
• s„vy$fõsu
• lkNyëgp„
• _¡V$ f¡qX$ep¡
• kyfs õ`¡rieg
• NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f
• dps©h„v$_p
• srbes
• r\e¡V$f
• hpsp®

L$p[Þs cË$

qagp¡kp¡af rl`p¡q¾$qV$k¡ L$l¡gy„ L¡$, ""spfp¡ Aplpf S> spfy„ Ap¥j^ b_hy„ Å¡CA¡.'' sp¡ Å¡ Ap¥j^ sfuL¡$ A¡L$ _„bf_p¡ L$p¡C Aplpf lp¡e sp¡ dp¡my„ v$l], ^p¡mhy„ L¡$ R>pi R>¡. c|s`|h® hX$p â^p_ dp¡fpfÆ v¡$kpC_p¡ cpZ¡S> V$pBap¡BX$\u `uX$psp¡ lsp¡. s¡_p¡ X$p¡¼V$fp¡ BgpS> L$fsp lsp. X$p¡¼V$fp¡A¡ L$üy„ L¡$, ""sdpfp cpZ¡S>_p„ Ap„sfX$p„ A¡L$v$d Mfpb \C Nep„ R>¡.''

X$p¡¼V$fp¡ \pL$u Ne¡gp. dp¡fpfÆcpCA¡ s¡d_u bl¡__¡ L$üy„, ""cpZ¡S>_p¡ lz„ BgpS> L$fui, `Z s¡_u sdpd v$hp b„^ L$fui. sd¡ A¡gp¡`\u_u v$hp L$fp¡ R>p¡ s¡_p\u s¡_p hpm b^p Mfu S>i¡. ¼ep„L$ V$pg `X$u S>i¡.'' dp¡fpfÆcpC dlpÐdp Np„^uÆ_u dpaL$ r_kNp£`Qpf_p âMf QplL$ lsp. cpZ¡S>_¡ äwV$_p fk A_¡ kp\¡ v$l]_y„ ^p¡mhy„ A_¡ d^ Ap`hp dp„X$ép. v$l]_u A„v$f_p A¡qkX$p¡augk b¡qkgu _pd_p A¡qkX$_piL$ A_¡ S>„sy_piL$ sÒhp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap„sfX$p„ r_d®m \C Nep„. cpZ¡S> hNf v$hpA¡ kpfp¡ \C Nep¡. Ap qL$õkp¡ d¢ dp¡fpfÆcpC_¡ dp¡Y¡$\u kp„cþep¡ R>¡.

Ly$v$fsu D`QpfL$p¡_u cpjpdp„, L$p¡gpBqV$k, dfX$p¡, Ap„sfX$p„_p¡ V$u.bu. hN¡f¡dp„ v$v$}_p„ Ap„sfX$p„_p¡ BÞV¡$[õV$_g ãgp¡fp bv$ghp_u S>ê$f R>¡. A¡ L$pd dp¡mp v$l]_u R>pi L$f¡ R>¡. Ap„sfX$p„_p Ap„sqfL$ `ep®hfZ_¡ d¢v$p¡, kpL$f, Qfbu hN¡f¡ bNpX¡$ R>¡. s¡_¡ ky^pfhp dpV¡$ R>pi A¡ `©Õhu D`f_y„ v|$^ `R>u_y„ Ap„sffpô²$ue Ad©s R>¡.

Älp¡_ A¡Q. V$p¡b _pd_p rQqL$ÐkL¡$ v|$^ `f `yõsL$ g¿ey„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ `y¿s he_p gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ v|$^ _\u. v|$^ dpÓ bpmL$p¡ A_¡ V$u_¡S>fp¡ dpV¡$ S> R>¡. kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ Dd¡f¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""dpfp BÞh¡[õV$N¡i_ âdpZ¡ bëN¡qfep, friep A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ `pqL$õsp__p `h®spm âv¡$i lz„Tp _pd_p âv¡$idp„ Mp¡ÅAp¡ fl¡ R>¡ s¡ 100 hj® Æh¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ L$pfZ s¡d_p¡ v$l]- R>pi_p¡ D`ep¡N R>¡. s¡Ap¡ lÆ d¢v$p_u QuÅ¡ L¡$ Mp„X$_p¡ D`ep¡N blz Ap¡R>p¡ L$f¡ R>¡. fp¡S> s¡d_p cp¡S>__¡ A„s¡ v$l] R>pi Mhpe-q`hpe R>¡ (Sy>Ap¡ : Milk Friend or Fiend? g¡ML$ : John H. Tobe) cpfscfdp„ v$l]-R>pi Mhpe-q`hpe R>¡. rlÞv$u, Dv|®$, NyS>fpsu A_¡ dlpfpô²$ue_p¡ "L$X®$'_¡ v$l] L$l¡ R>¡. Afbu cpjpdp„ v$l]_¡ gbp_ Ag lduT L$l¡ R>¡. `ri®e_dp„ sfa\ L$l¡ R>¡. L$Þ_X$pdp„ dkê$, srdgdp„ \Cf¡, tk^udp„ vy$_yê$ L¡$ \y_yê$ L$l¡ R>¡. b„Npmudp„ v$C L$l¡ R>¡.

v$l]_p MpÛd|ëep¡ KQp„ R>¡. s¡dp„ rhV$pqd_ A¡, qhV$pqd_ bu-1, qhV$pqd_ bu-2 A_¡ k|ÿd âdpZdp„ qhV$pqd_ ku R>¡. s¡dp„ fl¡gp„ Ly$v$fsu kp¡qX$ed, ap¡õafk, `p¡V¡$qied hN¡f¡ Ap¥j^ue sÒhp¡ ^fph¡ R>¡. 100 N°pd v$l], 130 L¡$gfu i[¼s Ap`¡ R>¡. Np„^uÆ_p r_kNp£`Qpf Apîddp„ A_¡ smpÅ-Ly„$X$gp A_¡ kp¥fpô²$_p h¥Ûp¡ Ap„sfX$p„_p fp¡Nhpmp vv$}Ap¡_¡ R>pihV$u L$fphu_¡ R>-R> drl_p rS>hpX$u_¡ s¡_¡ kpÅ L$fsp lsp.

l¥v$fpbpv$_u BÞX$p¡-Ad¡qfL$_ lp¡[õ`V$g_p X$p¡. Adp_¡ "d¡qX$qk_g rk¾¡$V¹$k Ap¡a ep¡f awX$' _pd_y„ `yõsL$ g¿ey„ R>¡ s¡dp„ g¿ey„ R>¡ L¡$ ê$dpq_e_p¡, bëN¡qfe_p¡ sp¡ Ap„sfX$p„_p fp¡Np¡ dpV¡$ bV$fqdëL$-R>pi S> Ap¥j^ sfuL¡$ hp`f¡ R>¡. AÓ¡e A_¡ A[Á_h¡i F>rjAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_u budpfu v$l]_p ^p¡mhp\u kpfu L$f¡gu.

X$p¡. Adp_ s¡d_p `yõsL$dp„ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ OZu hMs DÑf âv¡$idp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ cp„N `uhp\u L¡$ sp„bp_p gp¡V$pdp„ cp„N cfhp\u sp„bp_y„ A_¡ cp„N_y„ T¡f gpN¡ R>¡ s¡ T¡f_y„ dpfZ v$l] R>¡. `¡ipb bmsp¡ lp¡e Ðepf¡ R>pi `uhp\u dV$u Åe R>¡. h©ÙS>_p¡ dpV¡$ v$l]_y„ ^p¡mhy„ V$p¡q_L$ S>¡hy„ R>¡. ipL$plpfu gp¡L$p¡_¡ dp„kplpfuAp¡_u hps _l] Nd¡ `Z dp„kplpfuAp¡ dp„k_u hp_Nu s¥epf L$f¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ kp¡ãV$ b_phhp A_¡ ãg¡hf Åmhhp v$l] _pM¡ R>¡. dp„k_u Akü hpk_p¡ v$l] _pi L$f¡ R>¡. L$pídufdp„ sp¡ `pf rh_p_u dV$__u hp_NuAp¡ v$l]dp„ S> ApNgu fps¡ bp¡mu fMpe R>¡. X$p¡. Adp_ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ l¡`¡V$pBqV$k A_¡ L$dmpdp„ kph Y$ugp fp„^¡gp Qp¡Mp A_¡ R>pi_p¡ Aplpf g¡hp\u guhf D`f_y„ BÞa¡¼i_ ^p¡hpC Åe R>¡. Äepf¡ k„X$pk Nep `R>u `|„W$dp„ kMs bmsfp \pe Ðepf¡ bpa¡gy„ kyfZ v$l] L¡$ R>pi _pMu_¡ _fd fp„^¡gp cps kp\¡ Mphp\u bmsfp OV¡$ R>¡. X$pepbuqV$khpmpA¡ v|$^_¡ bv$g¡ dgpC L$pY¡$gp v$l]_u R>pi S> `uhu Å¡CA¡.

qdqiN_ fpÄedp„ b¡V$g ¾$uL$ Mps¡ "b¡V$g ¾$uL$ k¡q_V$p¡qfed' lsy„. Ðep„_p X$p¡¼V$fp¡ L$p¡gpBqV$k L¡$ S|>_p dfX$p_p v$v$}Ap¡_¡ v$l]dp„\u _usf¡gp `pZu_p¡ A¡r_dp Ap`u_¡ Ap„sfX$p„dp„ v$l]_p Ly$v$fsu A¡qkX$p¡augk b¡¼V$¡qfep _pd_p„ `p¡jL$ S>„syAp¡ h^pfu v¡$sp lsp A_¡ fp¡NL$pfL$ b¡¼V¡$qfep_p¡ _pi \sp¡ lsp¡. [õhÐTfg¡ÞX$dp„ Äep„ Äep„ X¡$fu õV$p¡f lp¡e R>¡ Ðep„ ep¡NV®$_u Ål¡fps bpfZp„ D`f L$fpe R>¡.

eyfp¡`dp„ v$l]_¡ ep¡NV®$ L$l¡ R>¡, D`fp„s Sy>v$p Sy>v$p eyfp¡r`e_ âv¡$ip¡dp„ A_¡ Apfb âv¡$ip¡dp„ v$lu_¡ L¡$ëX$f dpA¡ëL$, apBbyÞL¡$, g¡`pX®$rdëL$, dpV$Ty_, g¡b¡_, L¡$auf, `p¡Bf¡, ¼g¡bf, L$duk L$l¡ R>¡. Mf¡Mf v$l] A¡L$ Ap„sffpô²$ue Aplpf b_u Nep¡ R>¡. `pqgspZp_p iÓy„S>e_p Xy„$Nf D`f S>¥_ su\p£_p v$i®_ L$fhp `N`pmp QY$p¡ `R>u V$p¡Q¡ `lp¢Qp¡ Ðepf¡ kp¥fpô²$_u cfhpX$Zp¡ dpV$u_p L$V$p¡fpdp„ õhpqv$ô$ v$l] S>dphu_¡ s¥epf fpMu sd_¡ kõsp cph¡ `ufk¡ R>¡. v|$^\u ðpk QY¡$ R>¡. v$l]\u \pL$ Esfu Åe R>¡.

eyfp¡`dp„ lz„ Ap¡[õV²$ep A_¡ [õhÐTfg¡ÞX$dp„ Äep„ Äep„ qlëk D`f Nep¡ Ry>„ Ðep„ V¡$L$fu D`f ep¡NV®$_u vy$L$p_p¡ Mpk Å¡sp¡ lsp¡. [õhTfg¡ÞX$dp„ Ær_hp il¡f_p õV¡$i_ kpd¡ A¡L$ h¡rS>V¡$qfe_ f¡õV$p¡fp„dp„ bL$fu_y„ v|$^ A_¡ bL$fu_p v|$^_y„ v$l] `Z dmsy„ lsy„. eyfp¡`_u âÅ h^y _¡ h^y ipL$plpfu \su Åe R>¡. s¡dp„ OZp gp¡L$p¡ sp¡ v|$^ `Z hp`fsp _\u, `Z ep¡NV®$ S>ê$f hp`f¡ R>¡.

Apeyh£v$dp„ sp¡ v|$^-v$l]_p„ hMpZ g¿ep„ S> lp¡e s¡ õhpcprhL$ R>¡. ApS>_p„ bpmL$p¡ v$l] A_¡ Np¡m L¡$d Mpsp„ _\u? d_¡ bQ`Zdp„ 60 hj® `l¡gp„ v$l] A_¡ Np¡m_y„ ^p¡mhy„ khpf¡ Mphp dmsy„. "Ape®rcjL$'_p _hp N°„\dp„ Np¡mrdqîs v$l]_u hps (`p_y„ 642, 20du Aph©rÑ) gMu R>¡. Aphy„ v$l] ^psyh^®L$ A_¡ hp_p¡ _i L$f_pf R>¡. v$l]_y„ q_Qp¡h¡gy„ `pZu d^ kp\¡ DfyguL$p„Q_dp„ A`psy„ lsy„. v$l], R>pi A_¡ v|$^ kp\¡_p¡ dpfp¡ A„Ns A_ych L$lu_¡ Ap g¡M_u `|Zp®lzrs L$fy„ Ry>„.

hX$p¡v$fp_u L$p¡g¡S>dp„ buÅ rhðeyÙ `R>u_u lpgsdp„ lp¡õV¡$gdp„ Ad_¡ dL$pC_u fp¡V$gu Mphu `X$su. L$pqW$ephpX$u `¡V$dp„ bpS>fp_p fp¡V$gp, f]NZp_y„ ipL$ A_¡ v$l]-R>pi_u V¡$h lsu s¡_¡ bv$g¡ hX$p¡v$fp_u lp¡õV¡$gdp„ sm¡gp„ afkpZ A_¡ `|fu Mphp dp„X$ép„. bëL¡$ Tp`V$hp dp„X$ép„. Aæepk A_¡ L$p¡g¡S>_p MQ®_u tQspdp dfX$p¡ \ep¡. dfX$p¡ S|>_p¡ \ep¡. s¡dp„\u Aëkf¡qV$$h L$p¡gpBqV$k \ep¡. bu.L$p¡d. sp¡ \ep¡ `Z sqbes\u b¡lpg \ep¡. 1953dp„ cph_Nf_u s¿srk„lÆ lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ v$pMg L$fpep¡ Ðep„ X$p¡¼V$fp¡A¡ Ap„sfX$p„_u lpgs Å¡C dpfp¡ L¡$k lp¡`g¡k R>¡ s¡d L$üy„. X$p¡¼V$fp¡ Apip rh_p_p lsp. lz„ dS>b|s d__p¡ lsp¡. d¢ dpfp D`Qpfp¡ ip¡^hp dp„X$ép. Apeyh£v$ `Z L$pd gpÁey„. h¥Ûp¡_u v|$^hV$u (vy$Á^plpf) a¡Bg NC. `R>u _kubÅ¡N¡ _ÆL$_p DfyguL$p„Q_ r_kNp£`Qpf Apîddp„ v$pMg \ep¡.

DfyguL$p„Q__p¡ Apîd Np„^uÆA¡ 1946dp„ õ\p`¡gp¡. s¡ kde¡ kp¥fpô²$_u v¡$iu Npep¡_y„ v|$^ Ad_¡ dmsy„. r_kNp£`Qpf Apîd_p D`Qpfp¡ L$ep® s¡dp„ X$p¡. ANdâkpv¡$ d_¡ vy$Á^L$ë` D`f fp¿ep¡, `Z A¡hu S> lp¡`g¡k [õ\rs flu.

A¡ `R>u lz„ Apfp¡Áe_p„ `yõsL$p¡ hp„Qhp dp„X$ép¡. X$p¡¼V$f¡ lp\ ^p¡C _pM¡gp. s¡ kde¡ qldpge\u rihp_„v$ Apîd_p A¡L$ rióe Apîddp„ Apìep. s¡dZ¡ d_¡ L$üy„ L¡$ sdpfy„ Apeyóe gp„by„ R>¡. sd¡ S> sdpfp h¥Û b_p¡. d¢ dpfp dpV¡$_p¡ D`Qpf ip¡^u L$pY$ép¡.

fp¡S> 1pp qgV$f v$l] lp\¡ S>dphu_¡ s¡_p Qpf cpN L$fsp¡. khpf¡ k„sfp_p¡ fk `usp¡. `R>u sp„v$mÅ_u cpÆ_p¡ L$pQp¡ fk L$pY$u_¡ v$l]_p ^p¡mhpdp„ c¡mhu_¡ Qpf hMs `usp¡ (A¡L$ Ágpkdp„ 50 N°pd fk). b¡ drl_pdp„ h¥Ûp¡_u cpjpdp„ Op¡X$p S>¡hp¡ \C Nep¡. Ap„sfX$p„ A¡L$v$d r_d®m \C Nep„.

ApS>¡ lz„ v|$^ `u iL$sp¡ _\u `Z Æfphpmu lp\¡ S>dph¡gp v$l]_u R>pi `uJ Ry>„. dy„bCdp„ Npe_y„ v|$^ vy$g®c R>¡. hmu lh¡_u Npep¡ S>¡ rdî Ap¡gpv$_u L¡$ eyfp¡`_u Ap¡gpv$_u R>¡ s¡_y„ v|$^ d_¡ aphsy„ _\u.

dy„bCdp„ S>¡d_¡ X¡$fu âp¡X$¼V$ hNf _ Qpg¡ s¡hp `y¿s he_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ fp¡N\u v|$f fl¡hy„ lp¡e sp¡ sb¡gp_u c¢i_y„ v|$^ _ `uhy„.

Ap`Z_¡ v|$^-v$l] hNf Qpgsy„ _\u A¡V$g¡ v$l]_u R>pi `uhp\u s¡_p Ap¥j^ue NyZp¡ dmi¡. Mpk Q¡shZu- dy„bCdp„ kp„S>¡ L$v$u S> v$l] _ Mphy„. L$Y$u b_php¡ sp¡ dlpfpô²$ue_ õV$pBg\u QZp_p gp¡V$ hNf_u L$Y$u b_php¡.

S|>_p S>dp_pdp L$Y$udp„ L$p¡Z QZp_p¡ gp¡V$ _pMsy„ lsy„? A¡gp¡`¡q\L$ ×rô$A¡ `Z awX$ L$p¡[çb_¡i__p h¥opr_L$ ds âdpZ¡ A¡L$ âp¡V$u_dp„ buSy>„ âp¡V$u_ _ c¡mhpe. s¡\u S> S>¥_p¡ L$v$u L$W$p¡mdp„ L¡$ syh¡f_u v$pmdp„ v$l] c¡mhsp„ _\u. elwv$uAp¡ `Z qäS>dp„ X¡$fu_p âp¡V$u_ey¼s `v$p\p£_¡ dp„k\u v|$f fpM¡ R>¡.

Å¡ eyq^[óW$f_p kdedp„ v|$^ `©Õhu D`f_y„ Ad©s NZpsy„ sp¡ lz„ 21du kv$u_p„ il¡fuS>_p¡ dpV¡$ v$l]_u R>pi_¡ 21du kv$u_y„ Ad©s NÏ„ Ry>„.

L$ÃR>uAp¡_¡ kgpd R>¡ L¡$ s¡d_y„ S>dZ _pBfp¡bu lp¡e L¡$ Þeyep¡L®$dp„ lp¡e Ðep„ R>pi\u `|Z® \pe R>¡. Ap¡õV²¡$rgepdp„e L$`p¡m hprZep fd¡i i¡W$_¡ Of¡ d_¡ S>çep `R>u r_erds R>pi `uhp dmsu, S>¡ dy„bC_p eS>dp_p¡_¡ Ðep„ dp¡V$p cpN¡ dmsu _\u.

(v$v$}Ap¡A¡ Ap g¡M hp„Qu_¡ Ås¡ âep¡Np¡ _ L$fhp. X$p¡¼V$f_u kgpl g¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡.)

Ap`_¡ Ap g¡M L$¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?