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According to the University of Cincinnati and Tokyo Medical University researchers, the most commonly occurring skin cells, keratinocytes, influence and manipulate skin colour and tone.
The researchers say that their discovery toward manipulating skin tone and colour, can have implications ranging from helping doctors develop more natural looking bio-engineered skin grafts to helping cosmetics companies develop new products for achieving the "perfect" sunless tan.
The research study, published in the September print issue of The FASEB Journal, shows for the first time how to control skin colour and tone using cells previously thought to play no considerable role in this function.
"Most immediately, this study should lead to bioengineered skin grafts that more closely resemble the natural tone and color of recipients, which may help reduce the appearance of scarring. Down the road, however, this study opens doors to new types of cosmetics based on our understanding of how and why 'skin deep' differences in appearance evolved over millions of years," said Gerald Weissmann, MD, Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal.
In the article, researchers describe how cells responsible for pigmentation, called melanocytes, can be controlled by the most commonly occurring skin cells, called keratinocytes, which produce no pigment of their own. Working with bioengineered skin, which is used for some types of skin grafts, the researchers juggled various mixtures keratinocytes from people with different types of skin colours.
In turn, the keratinocytes produced chemical signals to "tell" melanocytes to generate more or less pigment, called melanin, as well as how to distribute that pigment. The researchers found that using keratinocytes from light-skinned individuals had a lightening effect on the bioengineered skin graft material, while keratinocytes from dark-skinned individuals had a darkening effect.
This is a noteworthy finding as it shows a conclusive link between keratinocytes and melanocytes.
Medical conditions that sometimes require the use of bioengineered skin grafts include severe burns, scleroderma, epidermis bullosa, diabetes, and venous leg ulcers.
In addition, the study's senior researcher, Raymond Boissy, says this study also could "help the quality of life for people with pigment diseases such as vitiligo, melasma and age spotting by making their skin more healthy looking."