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And, of course, create wealth over the long-term
1. Volatility is a normal part of long-term investing
From time to time, there will inevitably be volatility in stock markets as investors react to changes in economic, political and corporate environments. As an investor, your mind-set is critical.
When we are prepared at the outset for episodes of volatility on the investing journey, we are less likely to be surprised when they happen, and more likely to react rationally.
By having a mindset that accepts that volatility is an integral part of investing, investors can prepare themselves to take a dispassionate view and remain focused on their long-term investment goals.
2. Over the long term, equity risk is usually rewarded
Equity investors are rewarded for the extra risk that they face by potentially achieving higher average returns over the longer term compared with, say, bond investors.
It is important to remember that risk is not the same as volatility. Asset prices fluctuate more than their intrinsic value as markets over or under-shoot, so investors can expect price movements to drive opportunity.
In the long term, stock prices are driven by corporate earnings and have generally outperformed other types of investment such as cash and bonds after allowing for inflation.
3. Market corrections can create attractive opportunities
Corrections are a normal part of bull markets -- it is normal to see more than one over the course of a bull market.
A stock-market correction can often be a good time to invest in equities as valuations generally become more attractive, giving you the potential to generate above-average returns when the market rebounds.
Some of the worst historical short-term stock-market losses were followed by rebounds and breaks to new highs.
4. Avoid stopping and starting investments
Investors who remain invested benefit from a long-term upward market trend. When you try to time the market and stop and start your investments, you run the risk of denting future returns by missing the best recovery days.
Missing out on just five of the best performance days in the market can have a significant impact on your longer-term returns.
5. The benefits of regular investing stack up
Irrespective of an investor's time horizon, it makes sense to regularly invest a certain amount of money, for example, each month or quarter. While it doesn't promise a profit or protect against a market downturn, it does help you avoid investing at a single point in time.
And although regular saving during a falling market may seem counter-intuitive to investors looking to limit their losses, it is precisely at this time when some of the best investments can be made, because asset prices are lower and will generally benefit from a market rebound.
You should always review your portfolio from time to time and amend it if needed.
6. Diversification of investments helps to smooth returns
Asset allocation can be difficult to perfect as market cycles can be short and subject to bouts of volatility. During volatile markets, leadership can rotate quickly from one sector or market to another.
You can spread the risk associated with specific markets or sectors by investing into different investment buckets to reduce the likelihood of concentrated losses.
For example, holding a mix of growth assets (equities, property and corporate bonds) and defensive assets (government bonds and cash) in your portfolio can help to smooth returns over time.
Spreading investments over different countries can also help to bring down correlations within a portfolio and reduce the impact of market-specific risk.
7. Invest in quality, income-paying stocks for regular income
Sustainable dividends paid by high-quality, cash-generative companies are attractive during volatile market conditions, because they can offer a regular source of income when interest rates are low and there are few income-paying alternatives available.
High-quality, income-paying stocks tend to be leading brands that can perform robustly throughout business cycles thanks to their established market share, strong pricing power and resilient earnings.
These companies typically operate in multiple regions, smoothing out the effects of patchy regional performance. This through-cycle ability to offer attractive total returns makes them a valid cornerstone for any portfolio.
8. Reinvest income to increase total returns
Reinvested dividends can provide a considerable boost to total returns over time, thanks to the power of compound interest.
To achieve an attractive total return, you need to be disciplined and patient, with time in the market perhaps the most critical yet underestimated ingredient in the winning formula.
Regular dividend payments tend to support share price stability and dividend-paying stocks can compensate for the erosive effects of inflation.
9. Don't be swayed by sweeping sentiment
The popularity of investment themes ebbs and flows -- for instance, technology has come full circle after a late 1990s boom and then a 2000s bust.
Sentiment on emerging markets tends to wax and wane with the commodity cycle and as economic growth slows in key economies like China.
As country and sector-specific risks become more prominent, investors need to take a discriminating view, since a top-down approach to emerging markets is no longer appropriate.
But there are still great opportunities for investors at the stock level, as innovative emerging companies take advantage of supportive secular drivers like population growth and expanding middle class demand for healthcare, technology and consumer goods and services.
The key point is not to allow the euphoria or undue pessimism of the market to cloud your judgement.
10. Active investment can be a successful strategy
When volatility sends markets sideways, successful stock-picking can be rewarding compared with indifferent returns from passively following the index.
Volatility can introduce opportunities for bottom-up stock-pickers, especially during times of market dislocation.
This article was produced by Fidelity Worldwide Investment and initially appeared on Morningstar's Australian website.
At Fidelity, we believe strongly in active management. Because we analyse companies from the bottom up, we believe we are well positioned to make attractive investments when other investors might be shying away from investing, especially during bouts of market volatility.
Illustration: Uttam Ghosh/Rediff.com
