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While pollution is a major problem in almost all cities, some are more polluted than others. According to United States's Environmental Protection Agency's air-quality index, one Indian city tops when it comes to pollution.
Let's take a look at some of the most polluted cities in the world's biggest economies.
Source: The Economist
NOTE: Environmental Protection Agency's air-quality index measures PM 2.5 (particulate matter of 2.5 microns across or less per cubic metre). Such particles are small enough to be inhaled and can damage lungs. The AQI range ends at 500. A reading above 100 is deemed "unhealthy for sensitive groups" and anything above 400 is rated "hazardous" for all, according to The Economist.
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Ludhiana
Country: India
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 251
Global rank: 1
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Lanzhou
Country: China
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 150
Global rank: 2
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Mexicali
Country: Mexico
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 139
Global rank: 3
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Medan
Country: Indonesia
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 112
Global rank: 4
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Anyang
Country: South Korea
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 68
Global rank: 5
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Busan
Country: South Korea
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 68
Global rank: 6
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Johannesburg
Country: South Africa
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 64
Global rank: 7
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Rio de Janeiro
Country: Brazil
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 62
Global rank: 8
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Turin
Country: Italy
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 46
Global rank: 9
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Seville
Country: Spain
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 44
Global rank: 10
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Zaragoza
Country: Spain
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 44
Global rank: 11
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Paris
Country: France
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 38
Global rank: 12
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Bakersfield, California
Country: The United States
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 38
Global rank: 13
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Montreal
Country: Canada
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 36
Global rank: 14
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Moscow
Country: Russia
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 35
Global rank: 15
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Dresden
Country: Germany
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 34
Global rank: 16
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London
Country: The United Kingdom
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 33
Global rank: 17
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Osaka
Country: Japan
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 25
Global rank: 18
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Brisbane
Country: Australia
Particulate matter with diameter of 10 microns or less per cubic metre: 18
Global rank: 19