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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
Oil reserve is an essential yardstick for measuring a country's economic prosperity.
And proven oil reserves are those that claim to have a reasonable certainty (normally at least 90 per cent confidence) of being recoverable under existing economic and political conditions.
Industry specialists refer to this as P90.
We present here a list of countries with highest proven oil reserves.
India ranks 20th in the list.
Read on to know about 30 countries with highest proven oil reserves. . .
1. Venezuela
Proven reserve: 296,500,000,000 billion barrels
According to the United States Geological Survey (a bureau of the United States Department of the Interior that employs approximately 8,670 people), the Orinoco Belt alone is estimated to contain 900-1,400 billion barrels (2.2 1011 m3) of heavy crude in proven and unproven deposits.
The crude oil that Venezuela has is very heavy by international standards, and as a result much of it must be processed by specialised domestic and international refineries. Venezuela continues to be one of the largest suppliers of oil to the United States, sending about 1.4 million barrels per day
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
2. Saudi Arabia
Proven reserve: 264,600,000,000 billion barrels
The Saudi reserves are about one-fifth of the world's total conventional oil reserves.
Although Saudi Arabia has around 100 major oil and gas fields, over half of its oil reserves are contained in only eight giant oil fields, including the Ghawar Field, the biggest oil field in the world.
The Saudi reserves are about one-fifth of the world's total conventional oil reserves.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
3. Canada
Proven reserve: 175,200,000,000 billion barrels
Canada has a highly sophisticated energy industry and is both an importer and exporter of oil and refined products.
Over 99 per cent of Canadian oil exports are sent to the United States, and Canada is the United States' largest supplier of oil.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
4. Iran
Proven reserve: 150,600,000,000 billion barrels
Iranian production peaked at 6 million barrels per day in 1974.
However, the country has been unable to produce at that rate since the 1979 Iranian Revolution because of a combination of political unrest, war with Iraq, limited investment, US sanctions etc.
High oil prices in recent years have enabled Iran to amass nearly $60 billion in foreign exchange reserves.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
5. Iraq
Proven reserve: 143,500,000,000 billion barrels
After more than a decade of sanctions and two Gulf Wars, Iraq's oil infrastructure needs modernisation and investment.
It should also be mentioned that because of military occupation and civil unrest, the official statistics have not been revised since 2001 and are largely based on 2-D seismic data from three decades ago.
International geologists and consultants have estimated that unexplored territory may contain vastly larger reserves.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
6. Mexico
Proven reserve: 139,020,000,000 billion barrels
The constitution of Mexico gives the state oil company, Pemex, exclusive rights over oil production.
The Mexican government treats Pemex as a major source of revenue.
As a result, Pemex has insufficient capital to develop new and more expensive resources on its own.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
7. Kuwait
Proven reserve: 104,000,000,000 billion barrels
Oil reserves in Kuwait make up 8 per cent of the oil reserves in the world.
Most of Kuwait's oil reserves are located in the 70 billion barrels Burgan field, which has been producing oil since 1938.
Most of Kuwait's major oil fields are over 60 years old and, therefore, maintaining production rates is becoming a problem.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
8. United Arab Emirates
Proven reserve: 97,800,000,000 billion barrels
Most of the oil is in the Zakum field which is the third largest in West Asia with an estimated 66 billion barrels.
The UAE's reserves-to-production is about 93 years.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
9. Russia
Proven reserve: 74,200,000,000 billion barrels
A turnaround in Russian oil output began in 1999, which many analysts attribute to the privatisation of the industry.
It is the largest producer and exporter of oil in the world, other than the Arab League.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
10. Libya
Proven reserve: 47,000,000,000 billion barrels
Libya is considered a highly attractive oil area due to its low cost of oil production (as low as $1 per barrel at some fields), and proximity to European markets.
About 85 per cent of Libyan oil is exported to European markets.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
11. Nigeria
Proven reserve: 37,200,000,000 billion barrels
Nigeria is heavily dependent on the oil sector, which accounts for 95 per cent of its export revenues.
Pipeline vandalism, kidnappings, and militant takeover of oil facilities have reduced production.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
12. Kazakhstan
Proven reserve: 30,000,000,000 billion barrels
According to experts, expansion of oil production and the development of new fields will enable the country to produce as much as 3 million barrels (480,000 m3) per day by 2015.
Kazakhstan would then be among the top 10 oil-producing nations in the world.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
13. Qatar
Proven reserve: 25,410,000,000 billion barrels
Oil and gas have made Qatar one of the highest per-capita income countries, and one of the world's fastest growing.
Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas are nearly 26 trillion cubic metres, about 14% of the world total and the third largest in the world.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
14. China
Proven reserve: 20,350,000,000 billion barrels
China's ability to provide for its own needs is limited by the fact that its proven oil reserves are small in relation to its consumption.
At current production rates, they are likely to last for less than two decades.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
15. United States
Proven reserve: 19,120,000,000 billion barrels
In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity in the US.
Altogether, the government owns 28.8 per cent of the country's land area.
Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining,
Net imports of oil and products account for nearly half of the US trade deficit.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
16. Brazil
Proven reserve: 14,240,000,000 billion barrels
Brazil is expected to become a major oil producer and exporter, having recently made huge oil discoveries.
The governmental agencies responsible for the energy policy are the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the National Council for Energy Policy, the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, and the National Agency of Electricity.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
17. Azerbaijan
Proven reserve: 14,000,000,000 billion barrels
Two thirds of Azerbaijan is rich in oil and natural gas.
In September 1994, a 30-year contract was signed between the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic and 13 oil companies, among them Amoco, BP, ExxonMobil, Lukoil and Statoil.
As Western oil companies are able to tap deepwater oilfields untouched by the Soviet exploitation, Azerbaijan is considered one of the most important spots in the world for oil exploration and development.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
18. Angola
Proven reserve: 13,500,000,000 billion barrels
Diamonds and oil make up 60 per cent of Angola's economy, almost all of the country's revenue and are its dominant exports.
Growth is almost entirely driven by rising oil production.
Control of the oil industry is consolidated in Sonangol Group, a conglomerate owned by the Angolan government.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
19. Algeria
Proven reserve: 12,200,000,000 billion barrels
Estimates suggest that the actual amount of reserve is even more.
The fossil fuels energy sector is the backbone of Algeria's economy, accounting for roughly 60 per cent of budget revenues, 30 per cent of GDP, and over 95 per cent of export earnings.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
20. India
Proven reserve: 9,000,000,000 billion barrels
India has begun the development of a strategic crude oil reserve sized at 37,400,000 barrels, enough for two weeks of consumption.
On December 21, 2011, it was announced that India planned to greatly augment their crude reserve capacity to 132 million barrels by 2020, a senior oil ministry official stated.
Petroleum stocks have been transferred from the Indian Oil Corporation to the Oil Industry Development Board.
The OIDB then created the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves Ltd to serve as the controlling government agency for the strategic reserve.
The facilities are:
Mangalore, State of Karnataka.
Padur village, Udipi in the state of Karnataka
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
21. Sudan
Proven reserve: 6,800,000,000 billion barrels
In 2010, Sudan was considered the 17th-fastest-growing economy in the world and the rapid development of the country largely from oil profits.
However, because of the secession of South Sudan, which contained over 80 per cent of Sudan's oilfields, the country's economic forecast is uncertain.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
22. Norway
Proven reserve: 6,680,000,000 billion barrels
On a per-capita basis, it is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside the West Asia.
The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
23. Ecuador
Proven reserve: 6,542,000,000 billion barrels
Ecuador's economy has heavily depended on exporting resources such as petroleum, fish, shrimp, timber and gold.
The country's greatest national export is crude oil.
However, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
24. Oman
Proven reserve: 5,500,000,000 billion barrels
Oil is extracted and processed by Petroleum Development Oman, with proven oil reserves holding approximately steady, although oil production has been declining.
Omani citizens enjoy good living standards, but the future is uncertain with Oman's limited oil reserves.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
25. Ghana
Proven reserve: 5,000,000,000 billion barrels
Although commercial quantities of offshore oil reserves in Ghana were discovered in the 1970s, by 1990 production was still negligible.
In 1983, the government established the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation to promote exploration.
Thereafter, the company reached agreements with a number of foreign firms.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
26. Vietnam
Proven reserve: 4,700,000,000 billion barrels
Though Vietnam is a relative newcomer to the oil industry, it is currently one of the biggest oil producers in Southeast Asia.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
27. Egypt
Proven reserve: 4,300,000,000 billion barrels
Egypt has a developed energy market based on coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power.
Oil and gas are produced in the western desert regions, the Gulf of Suez, and the Nile Delta.
Egypt has huge reserves of gas, estimated at 1,940 cubic kilometres (470 cu mi), and LNG is exported to many countries.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
28. Indonesia
Proven reserve: 4,050,000,000 billion barrels
The country has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas.
The country has historically been a member of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, although it withdrew in 2008 as it was no longer a net exporter of oil.
The country's major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
29. Gabon
Proven reserve: 3,700,000,000 billion barrels
Gabon's oil revenues comprise roughly 46 per cent of the government's budget, 43 per cent of gross domestic product and 81 per cent of exports.
Oil production is now declining rapidly from its high point of 370,000 barrels per day in 1997.
Some estimates suggest that Gabonese oil will be expended by 2025.
It should be mentioned here that among all of the countries ranked in the 2011 Global Hunger Index, Gabon had the lowest score and thus the lowest level of hunger.
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30 countries with highest proven oil reserves
30. Australia
Proven reserve: 1,100,000,000 billion barrels
Australia has considerable petroleum, natural gas and coal reserves and is one of the few countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development that is a significant net hydrocarbon exporter, exporting about two-thirds of its total energy production.
Australia was the world's largest coal exporter and the fourth largest exporter of liquefied natural gas in 2009, after Qatar, Malaysia, and Indonesia.